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Improvement of Mechanical Properties of SOFC anode
- 1. Improvement mechanical strength NiO–YSZ anode material for solid oxide fuel cell.
- 5. Mostly used state of the art materials for anode are the NiO - 3 mol % YSZ and 8 mol % YSZ GIK INSTITUTE |FMSE 07 monoclinic (1173 °C) -> tetragonal (2370 °C) -> cubic (2690 °C) -> melt • Phase Transition from Tetragonal to Monoclinic. • Carbon deposition when using hydrocarbon fuels. • Ni agglomeration during cell operation Cathode Anode Electrolyte Costly Cost effective More Durable Less Durable Degradation and low-stability of NiO- YSZ anode in SOFC due to influence of reducing conditions
- 6. Objective: • Utilize ball milling machine to optimize anode making process • Add BN to improve mechanical strengths of the anode • Use sintering techniques to produce pellets by varying temperature cycles
- 7. Ceramics International 44 (2018) 14824–14833 08 a. Ni-8YSZ b. Ni-3YSZ Literature Review Investigations for Using Alumni with Ni0-3YSZ.
- 8. OTHER SUITABLE NANO MATERIALS FOR NIO - YSZ Aluminum nitride Tungsten carbide Silicon Carbide Tungsten alloy(W–Ni–Fe) YSZ composite Aluminum Nitride Crystal Structure(doi.org/10.1016/0921- 5093(94)06511-X) Tungsten Carbide(doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.056) Cubic Boron NitrideDoc (Brown's Chemistry Revision Notes) 3
- 9. (Solozhenko, V. L., Bushlya, V. and Zhou, J. (2019) ‘Mechanical properties of ultra-hard nanocrystalline cubic boron nitride’, arXiv, 85(3), pp. 1–13.) Allotropic forms of Boron Nitride Hong Yin "Heteroepitaxial growth of cubic boron nitride films on diamond(001) substrates and their n-type doping", Proc. SPIE 9748, Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XI, 974805 (26 February 2016);
- 10. SOFC Operating temperature 500-1000°C Cubic BN is thermally stable from room temperature to 1600°C h-BN is stable above 1600°C Boron Nitride is a novel sintering additive (Angewandten et al., 2006) Li, R., Wang, X., Peng, L., Jiang, B., Yang, J., Yan, D., … Li, J. (2020). Thermal cycling stability of novel hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/glass compressive seals for planar intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 155620. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155620 6 G I K I N S T I T U T E | F M S E
- 12. # 1 Initially five samples of powders were mixed into different ratios. # 2 First two samples were the reference samples which comprised only of NiO,3YSZ,8YSZ and carbon black. # 3 In the remaining 3 samples different percentages of BN were added into the above-mentioned powders i.e., 0.5 %,1% and 1.5%. # 4 These powders were ball milled for 24 hours at 150 RPM. # 5 After Ball milling the samples were sieved and put in furnace for 6 hours to obtain powders.
- 13. Nickel Oxide Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia Boron Nitride Carbon Black Material Nickel Oxide (40) 8-Yttrium Stabilize d Zirconia (40) 3-Yttrium Stabilize d Zirconia (40) Boron Nitride Carbon Black (10%) NiO:8YSZ (No BN) 9 gm 6 gm 0 gm 0 gm 1.5 gm NiO:3YSZ (No BN) 9 gm 0 gm 6 gm 0 gm 1.5 gm NiO:3YSZ (0.5% BN) 9 gm 0 gm 6 gm 0.075 gm 1.5 gm NiO:3YSZ (1% BN) 9 gm 0 gm 6 gm 0.150 gm 1.5 gm NiO:3YSZ (1.5% BN) 9 gm 0 gm 6 gm 0.225 gm 1.5 gm
- 14. The powders were put in Die assembly under load of 1200 psi. The pellets were 5mm in thickness,35 mm L and 10mm W Firstly, the powders for pellets were obtained by baking it in oven for 12 hours under temperature of 80 C. Three-point bend test will be performed on each of the pellet samples.
- 15. SA2-4-17TP BOX Type furnace was used for Sintering with Maximum operating Temp of 1700° C The initial stage of the cycle was holding the samples at 1100° C for 2 hours The final stage of the cycle was holding the samples at 1400° C for 5 hours The Heating and cooling Rate was set at 5° C/min
- 16. For pelletizing we had to make a die assembly. The assembly consists of three components i.e., Upper lid, Cylinder and Lower lid. The die was made through CNC machining. After CNC machining the inner and outer surfaces were polished. Upper Lid Lower Lid Centre Cylinder
- 18. 1. Angewandten, F. Der et al. (2006) ‘(12) United States Patent’, 2(12). 2. Cahill, J. T. et al. (2020) ‘Transformation of boron nitride from cubic to hexagonal under 1-atm helium’, Diamond and Related Materials, 109, p. 108078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.108078. 3. Li, R. et al. (2020) ‘Thermal cycling stability of novel hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/glass compressive seals for planar intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Elsevier B.V., 843, p. 155620. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155620. Li, Y. et al. (2018) ‘Synthesis and characterization of boron nitride powder’, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1971. doi: 10.1063/1.5041102. 4. Menzler, N. H. (2003) ‘Densification of SOFC Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes Through Addition of Sintering Additives’, ECS Proceedings Volumes, 2003–07(1), pp. 238–245. doi:10.1149/200307.0238pv. 5. Solozhenko, V. L., Bushlya, V. and Zhou, J. (2019) ‘Mechanical properties of ultra-hard nanocrystalline cubic boron nitride’, arXiv, 85(3), pp. 1– 13. 6. Brown's, D., 2000. [Online] Available at: http://www.docbrown.info/page03/nanochem06.htm 7. Mark P.D'Evelyn, K. Z., 1998. Elastic properties of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and diamond by dynamic resonance measurements. Diamond and Related Materials. 8. Sasikumar Rathinasabapathy, M. S. a. M. A., 2018. Significance of Boron Nitride in Composites and Its Applications. s.l.:s.n.
- 19. Qasim Yar Muhammad • u2017375@giki.edu.pk • qasimyar99@gmail.com • BSc Material Engineering • GIK Institute Muhammad Usama Hakeem • u2017334@giki.edu.pk • hakeemusama007@gmail.com • BSc Material Engineering • GIK Institute Muhammad Nawaz Khan • u2017301@giki.edu.pk • khanmuhammad39@gmail.com • BSc Material Engineering • GIK Institute