The utilization of Boron Nitride in Solid Oxide fuel cells has been an unexplored area in Fuel cell technology. The impact of adding cubic cubic-BN on the long-term durability of the mechanical strength of nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) based SOFC anode supports was investigated in this study.
5. Mostly used state of the art materials for
anode are the NiO - 3 mol % YSZ and 8
mol % YSZ
GIK INSTITUTE |FMSE
07
monoclinic (1173 °C) -> tetragonal (2370 °C) -> cubic (2690 °C) -> melt
• Phase Transition from Tetragonal to
Monoclinic.
• Carbon deposition when using
hydrocarbon fuels.
• Ni agglomeration during cell
operation
Cathode
Anode
Electrolyte
Costly Cost effective
More Durable Less Durable
Degradation and low-stability of NiO-
YSZ anode in SOFC due to influence of
reducing conditions
6. Objective:
• Utilize ball milling machine to optimize
anode making process
• Add BN to improve mechanical
strengths of the anode
• Use sintering techniques to produce
pellets by varying temperature cycles
7. Ceramics International 44 (2018) 14824–14833
08
a. Ni-8YSZ
b. Ni-3YSZ
Literature Review
Investigations for Using
Alumni with Ni0-3YSZ.
9. (Solozhenko, V. L., Bushlya, V. and Zhou, J. (2019)
‘Mechanical properties of ultra-hard nanocrystalline cubic
boron nitride’, arXiv, 85(3), pp. 1–13.)
Allotropic forms of Boron Nitride
Hong Yin "Heteroepitaxial growth of cubic boron nitride films on
diamond(001) substrates and their n-type doping", Proc. SPIE 9748,
Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XI, 974805 (26 February 2016);
10. SOFC Operating temperature
500-1000°C
Cubic BN is thermally stable
from room temperature to
1600°C
h-BN is stable above 1600°C
Boron Nitride is a novel
sintering additive
(Angewandten et al., 2006)
Li, R., Wang, X., Peng, L., Jiang, B., Yang, J., Yan, D., … Li,
J. (2020). Thermal cycling stability of novel hexagonal boron
nitride (h-BN)/glass compressive seals for planar intermediate
temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Alloys and
Compounds, 155620. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155620
6
G I K I N S T I T U T E | F M S E
12. # 1 Initially five samples of powders were
mixed into different ratios.
# 2 First two samples were the reference samples
which comprised only of NiO,3YSZ,8YSZ and
carbon black.
# 3
In the remaining 3 samples different percentages
of BN were added into the above-mentioned
powders i.e., 0.5 %,1% and 1.5%.
# 4
These powders were ball milled for 24 hours at
150 RPM.
# 5 After Ball milling the samples were sieved and
put in furnace for 6 hours to obtain powders.
14. The powders were put in Die assembly under
load of 1200 psi.
The pellets were 5mm in thickness,35 mm L
and 10mm W
Firstly, the powders for pellets were obtained
by baking it in oven for 12 hours under
temperature of 80 C.
Three-point bend test will be performed on
each of the pellet samples.
15. SA2-4-17TP BOX Type furnace was used for
Sintering with Maximum operating Temp of
1700° C
The initial stage of the cycle was holding the
samples at 1100° C for 2 hours
The final stage of the cycle was holding the
samples at 1400° C for 5 hours
The Heating and cooling Rate was set at 5°
C/min
16. For pelletizing we had to make a die assembly.
The assembly consists of three components
i.e., Upper lid, Cylinder and Lower lid.
The die was made through CNC machining.
After CNC machining the inner and outer surfaces were
polished.
Upper Lid
Lower Lid
Centre
Cylinder
18. 1. Angewandten, F. Der et al. (2006) ‘(12) United States Patent’, 2(12).
2. Cahill, J. T. et al. (2020) ‘Transformation of boron nitride from cubic to hexagonal under 1-atm helium’, Diamond and
Related Materials, 109, p. 108078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.108078.
3. Li, R. et al. (2020) ‘Thermal cycling stability of novel hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/glass compressive seals for
planar intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells’, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. Elsevier B.V., 843, p.
155620. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155620. Li, Y. et al. (2018) ‘Synthesis and characterization of boron nitride
powder’, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1971. doi: 10.1063/1.5041102.
4. Menzler, N. H. (2003) ‘Densification of SOFC Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes Through Addition of Sintering
Additives’, ECS Proceedings Volumes, 2003–07(1), pp. 238–245. doi:10.1149/200307.0238pv.
5. Solozhenko, V. L., Bushlya, V. and Zhou, J. (2019) ‘Mechanical properties of ultra-hard nanocrystalline cubic boron
nitride’, arXiv, 85(3), pp. 1– 13.
6. Brown's, D., 2000. [Online] Available at: http://www.docbrown.info/page03/nanochem06.htm
7. Mark P.D'Evelyn, K. Z., 1998. Elastic properties of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride and diamond by dynamic
resonance measurements. Diamond and Related Materials.
8. Sasikumar Rathinasabapathy, M. S. a. M. A., 2018. Significance of Boron Nitride in Composites and Its Applications.
s.l.:s.n.
19. Qasim Yar Muhammad
• u2017375@giki.edu.pk
• qasimyar99@gmail.com
• BSc Material Engineering
• GIK Institute
Muhammad Usama Hakeem
• u2017334@giki.edu.pk
• hakeemusama007@gmail.com
• BSc Material Engineering
• GIK Institute
Muhammad Nawaz Khan
• u2017301@giki.edu.pk
• khanmuhammad39@gmail.com
• BSc Material Engineering
• GIK Institute
