5. Scope
Creation of Local Area Network with
MS desktop operating systems.
Creation of Local Area Network with
MS Server & MS desktop operating
systems.
Sharing Files, Peripherals & Internet.
Over View of IIS, Terminal services,
Remote Network.
Resource & Network Management.
7. Principles of Networking
Networks are systems
that are formed by
links.
People use different
types of networks every
day.
8. Computer Networks
A computer network is
a collection of hosts
connected by
networking devices
such as
• Computers,
• Printers,
• Scanners,
• File and print servers.
9. Benefits of Computer Networking
Some benefits from
networking includes:
• Fewer peripherals needed
• Increased communication
capabilities
• Avoid file duplication and
corruption
• Lower cost licensing
• Centralized administration
10. Types of Computer Networking
A computer network is
identified by:
• The type of media used to
connect the devices
• The type of networking
devices used
• How the resources are
managed
• How the network is organized
• How the data is stored
• The area it serves
11. Types of Computer Network
LAN: A group of interconnected
computers under one administrative
control group.
WAN: A networks that connects LANs
in Geographically separated locations.
WLAN: Group of wireless devices that
connect to access points within a
specified area.
MAN: metropolitan area network falls
in middle of LAN and WAN, It covers
large span of physical area than LAN
but smaller than WAN, such as a city.
SAN: Storage area network connects
servers to data storage devices .
CAN: Campus Area Network
12. Types of Computer Network Link
Network devices link together using
mainly following connections:
Copper cabling
Fiber-optic cabling
Wireless connection
13. Physical Types of Networks
(Peer-to-Peer)
Peer-to-peer networks:
Peer-to-peer is a communications model in which
each party has the same capabilities and either
party can initiate a communication session.
14. Physical Types of Networks
(Client -Server)
In a client/server model, the client requests
information or services from the server. The
server provides the requested information or
service to the client.
15. Multiple Servers for Services
Directory Services Server
Database Server
Mail Server
File and Print Server
32. Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can
be transmitted within a fixed time period.
Bandwidth is measured in bits per second
and is usually denoted by the following:
•bps - bits per second
•Kbps - kilobits per second
•Mbps - megabits per second
33. Latency
Latency is the amount of time it takes data to travel from
source to destination.
34. Data Transmission Modes
Data is transmitted in one of
three modes:
• Simplex (Unidirectional
transmission) is a single, one-
way transmission.
• Half-duplex allows data to
flow in one direction at a time.
• Full-duplex allows data to
flow in both directions at the
same time.
35. CSMA/CD
Characteristics Description
Access Method CSMA/CD
Transfer Speed
Standard Ethernet – 10 Mbps
Fast Ethernet – 100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)
Detects signalTransmits signal Collision detected
36. Hubs & Repeaters
Transmits data to
all connected computers
Transmits data to all connected
computers in a star topology
Repeater
Hub
46. OSI Layers –
Responsibilities:
anything not provided by any of the other layers
Issues:
application level protocols
appropriate selection of “type of service”
Application Layer
47. OSI Layers –
Responsibilities:
data encryption
data compression
data conversion
Many protocol suites do not include a Presentation Layer.
Presentation Layer
48. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between
applications.
Many protocol suites do not include a session layer.
Session Layer
49. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
provides virtual end-to-end links between peer
processes.
end-to-end flow control
Issues:
headers
error detection
reliable communication
Transport Layer
50. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibilities:
path selection between end-systems (routing).
subnet flow control.
fragmentation & reassembly
translation between different network types.
Issues:
packet headers
virtual circuits
Network Layer
51. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibility:
provide an error-free communication link
Issues:
framing (dividing data into chunks)
header & trailer bits
Addressing
Responsibilities: MAC Sublayer
Medium Access Control - needed by mutiaccess networks.
MAC provides DLC with “virtual wires” on multiaccess networks.
10110110101 01100010011 10110000001
Data Link Layer
52. OSI Layers – Responsibilities
Responsibility:
transmission of raw bits over a communication
channel.
Issues:
mechanical and electrical interfaces
time per bit
distances
Physical Layer
60. Types of Data Transmission
Unicast
Broadcast
Multicast
61. Internetworking Protocols
Network Protocols are the
formal description of a set of
rules and conventions that
govern how devices on the
network layer (layer 3 of the
OSI model) exchange
information.
Protocols provide the link by
which systems connected to
a network may talk to each
other
For two end systems to talk
to each other, they must
effectively “speak the same
language”
62. Key Concerns Addressed by Protocols
Syntax: data format, voltage levels and
bit encoding
Controls: control information for
controlling network functions
Timing: synchronization and flow control
63. Segmentation/Reassembly
Data is segmented into
protocol data units (PDUs)
Error control is more efficient
with smaller blocks of data
64. Encapsulation
PDUs contain control
information as well
as the data handed
to it
Attaching of control
information to the
head of a PDU is
known as
encapsulation
66. IP Address
S.No Class Range Allocation
1 A 1 – 126 N.H.H.H
2 B 128 – 191 N.N.H.H
3 C 192 – 223 N.N.N.H
4 D 224 – 239 Not applicable
5 E 240 – 255 Not applicable
N=Network
H=Host
