The Importance Of African Identity In Africa

The Importance Of African Identity In Africa
Throughout history, Africa has seen an extensive amount of change and many others passing through. But what has always maintained is that of the
African identity in the diversity of the people and the variation they have. This paper explores upon that particular identity using John Parker's and
Richard Rathbone's African History A Very Short Introduction in which the history ofAfrica is summarized. The paper itself argues on what Africans
themselves find to be the most important forms of identity being cultural, religious, and political. Examples of how Africans hold these forms of
identity at such value could be seen throughout their history from the pre– colonial, colonial, and post–colonial times of Africa. Africa itself before the
oncoming of colonialism had already been holding many different kingdoms with differing backgrounds of origin. And with these differing origins
comes different ideas, values and most importantly cultures. In earlier times, Africans, trying to form their own identity, showed to have held
significant importance in one's culture. It was at this point of history that oral tradition was held in great ideal in many areas of Africa to hold one
community's history and their beliefs. This old form of representing the culture of their land shows how much value the people hold in that culture.
What is being told in those stories maybe more mythological than factual but its mythological elements are what highlights the aesthetics of that certain
part of
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African Diaspora Essay
In simple terms, the Diaspora as a concept, describes groups of people who currently live or reside outside the original homelands. We will approach the
Diaspora from the lenses of migration; that the migration of people through out of the African continent has different points of origin, different patterns
and results in different identity formations. Yet, all of these patterns of dispersion and germination/ assimilation represent formations of the Diaspora.
My paper will focus on the complexities of the question of whether or not Africans in the Diaspora should return to Africa. This will be focused through
the lenses of the different phases in the Diaspora. The historical Diaspora confirms...show more content...
According to (Harris 2001), "the importance of the historical Diaspora was that Africans like other people have traveled abroad as free people, settled
down and made important contributions to many Europeans and Asian countries." The Historical Diaspora was mainly the dispersion of Africans in
the world and their settlements. They maintained a consciousness of Africa and their Identity while adapting and making positive contributions to
their adopted homelands. This made them create an identity of who they want to be because in the historical Diaspora there was "free fluidity" and
that enabled them to do whatever they wanted for that reason there was no constraints. Prior to when the Europeans conducted slave trade, Arabs
conducted a slave trade across the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea taking Africans to Arabia, India and the Far East. Due to this Arabian slave trade,
in our present day, several discrete communities of African descent can be found in cities, towns and regions of Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and India. The
great dispersion of Africans however did not occur until the European Exploration in the fifteenth century that "led to the greatest Expersion of Africans
in the world and in history." The well–known "Slave Coast" of West Africa was the area where most Africans were captured and sent to Europe and
America to be sold and enslaved. Most of the slaves worked

African Diaspora Essay
African Diaspora The study of cultures in the African Diaspora is relatively young. Slavery and the trans–Atlantic slave trade brought numerous
Africans, under forced and brutal conditions, to the New World. Of particular interest to many recent historians and Africanists is the extent to which
Africans were able to transfer, retain, modify or transform their cultures under the conditions of their new environments. Three main schools of thought
have emerged in scholarly discussion and research on this topic. Some argue that there are no significant connections between Africans and African
American communities in the Americas. Others argue that Africans retained significant aspects of their cultures. Similar to this...show more content...
He contends these arguments stating that opportunities existed for viable communities to be formed, that there were prospects for passing on
"changing cultural heritage to a new generation through training of offspring" and that there existed opportunities for Africans to associate with
themselves (153).
Thornton finds much more evidence for cultural transformation than cultural "transplantation." He notes the tendency of researchers to focus on
specific "Africanisms" rather than the cultural totality and stresses the fact that "cultures change through constant interaction with other cultures..."
(209, 207).
I agree with Thornton's analysis. As stated in a passage from our paper:
It would be naГЇve to think that after being enslaved and transported across the sea to a foreign continent African slaves were able to physically
transplant their cultures in this new environment.
It would be equally naГЇve to believe no elements of African culture made their way to this region... Africans were interacting with
Europeans and other Africans of different ethnic groups, adapting to the realities of their new environments and transforming elements of both old and
new into their own African–American culture. (Bright &
Broderick 10).
Evidence exists that shows Africans were allowed enough associational time to form

Women In Africa Essay
Women in Africa
Timothy Veneylo November 26, 1995 History 387
In many parts of Africa, there is a large discrepancy in who controlled the resources, access to the economy, individual autonomy and central voice in
the government between the men and the women. African men, for the most part, have the largest say in the activities of the country. When issues of
concern arise, "men's issues" usually became the issues of national concern, and those issues pertinent to women go to the back of
everyone's mind. Women are forced to accept the results of men's actions, and usually nothing gets accomplished that benefits them. Because women
continually were overlooked, they began to come together and...show more content...
The first year was rather non–violent for two reasons:
"It needed the shock of the first payment for people to realize what taxation meant in practical terms" and the second reason was the large
police presence and prosecutions of opponents to the tax (Afigbo, 233). These two factors allowed for a relatively peaceful tax collection.
However, when year two arrived, so did the resistance. In September
1929, Captain John Cook was sent to Bende as the Acting District Officer, where he was disappointed with the male roll counts. He instructed his
Warrant Chiefs to conduct new counts, and "added that the exercise had nothing to do with a tax on women" (Afigbo, 236). The mere
mention of "women" and "tax" in the same statement sparked immediate disapproval. Rumors began to fly that the
government had ordered a tax on women. Suddenly, the women reacted and agreed to resist by the end of October, 1929.
Captain Cook did not want to conduct the count himself, so he sent a mission school teacher to administer the count. When he arrived he asked a woman
whom he met outside to go and count "'her people'" (Afigbo, 237). Within hours, women in mass numbers had gathered to discuss the tax,
and went from there to the mission teacher's home to ask them why they were being taxed. The women equated being counting with taxation.
"They also sent messengers 'armed'
with

African Art Essay
African Art African Art does not have specific date to which it evolved because most early African Art was carved in wood, which perished quickly.
This is why most art dates from the 19th and early 20th century. Many 20th century artists admired and collected pieces of African Art. They enjoyed
the bold color, expression, and form that produced a new beginning in art history.African Art was mostly dedicated to life affirming activities such as
healing, pleasure, protection, and transformation. The first African Art that made a sustained impact on Europe occurred with the bronze casing and
ivory seized in 1897 by the British Royal Army. It was then that African Art began to become in demand, and seen by all areas of the world.
...show
more content...
African masks were to establish a different identity for the wearer in order to amuse, teach, or sacrifice. A great example of an Africanmask is Bayaka
Mask. This mask is used for a form of rite. When a boy reaches puberty he is circumcised. After this is done, the boy is removed from the village for
one year of seclusion from women. During this time, the boy is taught to hunt and protect by fellow men from the village. To end the one year
confinement, a ceremony is held when the boy and his teachers return in the Bayaka Masks. Sculptures are another form of African Art that is very
important to its history. Sculptures came in a variety of shapes and sizes. They were often made of wood, metal, cloth, or clay. These sculptures served
as personal protection figures, symbols for supernatural powers, and representation of ancestors. Most sculptures were made to represent the human
body, but some cultures never carve human faces so it resembled any individual in fear of accusations of witch craft. A great example of one such
sculpture is Cango and Zaire. This sculpture is of a women breast feeding her child. The face of the two people is elongated, as well as the breasts of
the mother. This is common to all African Art because they wanted representation of what is being expressed. In this particular sculpture, a
supernatural power is being called upon. The power has been asked to protect the mother and child, and to

Essay on Africa
Europe tried to take many countries, Africa being one of them. The European countries had an effect on Africa today throughout all the primes. Europe
had an effect on the African way of life, that in some ways were good, and in some ways bad.
Imperialism is defined as the extension or rule or influence by one government, nation, or society over the political, economic, or cultural life of
another. European nations decided they wanted land in the mostly unexplored continent, and they took it, without the consent of the African people.
Europe brought Christian ideas into Africa. Religion was changed from what it would have been to Christianity today. If you look at most of the
countries in Africa such as Angola, Congo, Ghana or Zimbabwe...show more content...
European Imperialist Policies made Africa lose history of their culture and brought racism to Africa. Europeans wanted to changeAfricans to be more
like them, changing their religion, changing their life style and making them slaves. Slavery led to the loss of culture because after a while Africans
began to think of themselves as lower class; since that's what they were treated like. The Westernized minority, influenced by European culture and
Christianity, first rejected African traditional culture. Slavery lead to people hating Africa, Africans and the African culture. Which leads to the Africa
culture and traditions being diminished. Why would anyone want to practice a certain religion or traditions if they were labeled as wrong, or unethical.
Traditionally, the majority of Africans have been farmers and herders who raised crops and livestock. When Europeans started colonizing they
demanded agricultural and mineral products. Safer technology and ways of farming were learned and brought to Africa. European technology and
crops were introduced and a modern exchange economy started. The technology was starting to grow, there were new machines and easier ways to do
things Africans never thought of.
Africa today has changed a lot from European countries and the imperialist policies. The Europeans tore into the African continent and succeeded in
destroying the African way of life. Thousands of people were

China in Africa Essay
news from the Nordic Africa Institute from the Nordic Africa Institute numBer 3 novemBer 2007
from the contents
china and Africa
Fantu Cheru
theme: AfricAn Agriculture Agriculture and the World Bank
Atakilte Beyene
Property rights
Kjell Havnevik
Tor A. Benjaminsen & Espen Sjaastad
inequality and climate change
contents to our reAders AfricAn Agriculture
1 3
november 2007
Carin Norberg
African agriculture and the World Bank: development or impoverishment?
Atakilte Beyene

5 8
Property rights formalisation in Africa
Tor A. Benjaminsen & Espen Sjaastad
the relationship between inequality and climate change
Kjell Havnevik
commentAries intervieW
11 14
decoding the evolving china–Africa...show more content...
In our interview section we present one interview with Martha Qorro, professor in English language, on the question about the language of instruction
in Tanzania. She is of the opinion that the best way to teach English is not to use it as the language of instruction. She also responds to the question
why the question of language of instruction has become such a sensitive political issue in Tanzania. In our second interview Jerome Verdier, chairman
of the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission, points to the fact that the TRC's part of the conflict resolution is nothing new. Liberia has a
history of resolving community conflicts at the round table. But in the past there were no prolonged conflicts, such as the recent 4 year period of
massive human rights violation. In the research section we present the result of a conference which took place at NAI, Uppsala, in September 2007
regarding the ongoing discussions between EU and the ACP countries on Economic Partnership Agreements. The discussion at the conference
highlighted the lack of connection between the poverty alleviation goal and the reality of the negotiations, despite numerous political declarations on
both the EU and ACP sides. Key decisions on EPAs will soon be made by EU and ACP ministers. The Africa Europe Group of Interdisciplinary
Studies, AEGIS, of which NAI is an active member, is presented through three contributions.
Photo by Susanne Linderos
News from the Nordic

Essay about The Culture of African Cuisine
The forest not only hides man's enemies but it's full of man's medicine, healing power and food. ~African Proverb.
Africa is a continent that is rich and diverse in terms of culture and traditions. The continent is also considered to be the agricultural hub in the world.
Due to this, most of African culture is ultimately intertwined with the foodstuffs that the land has to offer. In general, most of the inhabitants ofAfrica
live within the rural areas and rely on subsistent farming to meet their day to day food needs. Fast food restaurants and supermarkets where
processed and packaged food is sold are usually frowned upon and considered a waste of money and resources (AIG, 2011).
CHARACTERISTICS OF AFRICAN FOOD
African foods are...show more content...
Beans, cassava, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes and sweet potatoes thus were introduced to Africa as a direct cause of the European exploring of the
American continent. Asian seasonings like pepper, cinnamon, clove, curry and nutmeg were introduced as well. More often than not, the
ingredients used to prepare an African dish are fresh, very cheap and easily used to make a quick meal. Common vegetables include kale, spinach,
cabbage, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, avocados and other leafy greens, while beef and goat meat are the common meats served in an African meal.
Fish, chicken, and mutton are also available but are more expensive (AIG, 2011). Meat is often used merely as one of a number of flavorings, rather
than as a main ingredient in cooking. Tropical fruits such as mangoes, oranges, pineapples, bananas, papaws, and pears are cheap, plentiful and
popular among the people of Africa, because they are not available all year round and are dictated by seasons. Other ingredients used in typical dishes
include rice, corn meal or maize, wheat and millet flour.
Yams, plantains, green bananas and cassava are the essential staples in Africa. These vegetables are grown and used all over the continent, either on
their own or combined with others. Cassava is an important source of dietary carbohydrates in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world, with its
roots providing food for over 500 million

African Indigenous Religions Essay
Introduction
African traditional religions were the first recorded religions to grace the plains and coasts of Southern Africa and possibly even the world. The
earliest group of people living in Southern Africa has been named the San people. It was thought that San etchings and implements found in caves
dated back to between 10 000 and 20 000 years ago (Deacon, 1999). However in 2008 the oldest art to date was found in a cave in Still Bay in Cape
Town, called the 'Blombos' cave. It was named by Christopher Henshilwood and dates back to 77,000 years (Wits, 2014). This rock art is the earliest
depiction of religious experience and belief.
A later group of indigenous people that existed in Southern Africa were the 'Bantu Speaking Farmers'....show more content...
The San are polytheistic. They believe in one supreme god, "who lives in the Eastern sky and one lesser god who lives in the western sky" (UNISA,
2010:138). They believe that this supreme god had instituted at world order, thus working the soil is seen to be contrary to that order. The most
important god is a trickster god called 'Kaggen' who offers wisdom, plays tricks and plays tricks. He is believed to come in many different guises, from
an Eland (the most revered animal for the San), to a snake or a bird, but he could also live as a San man. Traditionally a boy had to kill an Eland before
he could be considered a man.
The San had many phenomenological beliefs; they believed that their faith and offerings through song and dance could affect the will of the gods.
They often performed Trance dances to bring rain and depicted these experiences by painting them on cave walls (Deacon, 1999).
Rock Art
This incredible art is found throughout Southern Africa in caves and rocky out crops which were believed to hold power. The figures illustrate trance
states, men in forward or backward bending motions to show the discomfort that taking on supernatural powers brought . Who were the Bantu speaking
farmers and what did they believe?
Bantu Speaking farmers moved down toward Southern Africa bringing their herds of life stock and settling most notably in KwaZulu Natal (UNISA,
2014). The two

South Africa Essay
South Africa is a nation with a wonderful and varied culture. This country has been called "The Rainbow Nation", a name that reflects the diversity of
such amazing place. The different ethnic and cultural groups of the South Africa do, however, appreciate their own beliefs and customs. Many of these
traditions, besides African culture, are influenced by European and Western heritage. The complex and diverse population of the country has made a
strong impact to the various cultures. There are forty–five million people; about thirty million are black, five million white, three million coloured and
one million Indians. The black population has a large number of rural people living in poverty. It is among these inhabitants that cultural...show more
content...
Many black musicians who sang in Afrikaans and English during the apartheid period began to sing in traditional African dialects developing a
singular style called Kwaito. This is a music genre that became the favorite way of representing social and economic issues. I believe that in certain
way, Kwaito is a political power that shows activism in its apolitical actions. In the other hand white and coloured South African singers were strongly
influenced by European music. African Indigenous Churches were the largest of the Christian groups during the apartheid period. It is argued that
many of the people who claimed no relation with any religion were part of indigenous religions. This is a religion that combines Christian and
indigenous influences. Many South African Muslims are described as Coloureds, especially those whose ancestors were slaves. Others are described
as Indians including those whose ancestors came as traders from South Asia. Religion plays such an important fact in South Africa giving an special
taste to the culture.
The culture during the apartheid time is still powerful in much of South Africa countryside. For example, across the many ethnic groups, marriage
traditions are different, but all the beliefs are based in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. Usually, plural marriages are
permitted and a lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Cattles play an important part in many of

Ethnic Diversity In Africa
Almost 75% of all Africans are black, yet Africa is one of the most diverse continent in the world. The amount of Melanin a person determines skin
color, yet people use this to define a person. With a continent that has so much history, people still assume everyone in the continent have the same
color skin. Africa has a wide range of ethnicities and colors due to the different regions of Africa, the Indigenous Africans, and the immigrants in Africa.
Although Africa has a majority of dark–skinned people, Africa has the largest range of ethnic diversity in the world.
Commencing with Africa's many diverse regions, is the most effective way to illustrate Africa's range of ethnicity. For Instance, Egyptians, Libyans,
and Moroccans are a part of North Africa, and are considered white. This is because Egyptians, Libyans, and Moroccans were confused with a blonde
haired, blue–eyed Swede, having lighter skin tones and straighter hair (Diamond). As clearly executed, these white people who live in Africa prove that
not all Africans are black. In another case, South Africa, called "rainbow nation," is known for their wide range of diversity. More specifically, in
Southern Africa Cape, Coloureds is the name given to an ethnic group composed primarily of persons of mixed race, including one of the lighter races
in Africa (Nurock). If South Africa is known for its diversity, it should hardly be considered that all Africans are black. To put in another way, tribes and
regions that are closer to the equator have darker skin than those farther from the equator, having more melanin than others. In this instance, East Africa
is closest to the equator and houses the darker tribes, whereas North Africa has lighter skinned Africans, including the lightest African ethnic group,
Bebers (O'Neil). As elucidated, It is unjust to call all Africans black, when there are clearly different ethnicities and races all throughout the large
continent of Africa.
Africa's diversity can also be illustrated by the indigenous Africans, or the Africans who originated on this Continent. To elaborate, the Africa
encountered by the first European explorers in the fifteenth century had already been home to five human races: blacks, whites, Pygmies,

africa Essay example
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they are different from any other culture of the world.
African cultures contain many different languages. African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very
interesting culture. Reasons being the people are very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or...show more content...
It is the national language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is also the official in German East Africa (Reader
265). Approximately 50 million people speak this language (African Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South African artists are active in many areas of art including
sculpture, pottery, mask making, and many more (African Arts Information).
Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings, sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures and beliefs. Different artists have different styles
(African Arts Information). Materials and styles differ from village to village. Most sculptors use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze,
ivory, or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestor's spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events
(Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and believed to have magical powers (African Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and
decorate articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).
Masks were created to be placed over the face, on the top of the head, or even over the head. Most masks represent spirits of ancestors (Fetzer 106).
Some villages make masks with full costumes and use them with music to dance in ritual performances. They used masks for social control,

The dynamic natural environment and abundant wildlife are the most prominent features of the African continent. Due to its wide variety of biomes
ranging from tropical forests to arid deserts, Africa consists of bountiful wildlife diversity. However, because of environmentally harmful human
interactions, the variety of biomes is shrinking to all–time lows, which causes wildlife to die out. These detrimental human interactions, particularly
livestock overgrazing and desertification, occur partly because the native people who depend on the land for daily life do not realize the potential
benefits of wildlife and the unsustainability of their current ways. Poaching for horns and other valuable animal parts has also contributed to the...show
more content...
Herding allowed people to extract previously unobtainable nutrients from their environment. Since humans could not directly digest the grasses that
existed in the savannas, the only way for them to take in the nutrients was to use cattle, which are capable of grazing or consuming grass, to convert it
into edible forms. By consuming the milk and meat that the cattle produced the people were able to fully exploit the resources available. This
pastoralist lifestyle was symbiotic with the agriculturalist lifestyle because the two communities traded goods with each other to maintain healthy diets.
Therefore, many civilizations, like Mapungubwe in southern Africa, depended on the mutual relationship between humans and domestic animals to
survive. This system was widely accepted due to its effectiveness and eventually became ingrained in African social and economic life. However,
because of the rapid increase in population in Africa over the last several centuries has led to severe overgrazing, which occurs when the grass doesn't
have sufficient time to recover before being consumed. This has led to desertification, one of the major causes of the decrease in African wildlife
populations. (Child Physical Environment, 2013)
Desertification is a process that degrades the natural environment to an unproductive state that cannot support the native wildlife communities. More
specifically, desertification involves land degradation

Essay On African American Education
Throughout history, African American weren't considered the smartest race on earth. With slavery and being for bided to ever touch or learn to read a
book, African American became the race that envy having an education. Education became a prime factor in the African American culture. Having an
education to an African is having the one–way ticket out of the terrible streets. They believe that if they don't know nothing they won't get nothing. In
other word, if they aren't educated their life would remain the same. Way back to slavery, African American would be beaten if they were to open a
book and dare to read it instead of cleaning it. For many years, African American had to fought for the right to a proper education. From Havin to
walk long walks to attend black only school to being able to...show more content...
In each year from 1998 through 2000 there was a 1%–point decline in the graduation rate for black men. But for the past 4 years the graduation rate
for black men increase by a 1% point and now stand at a 35%. This year the college graduation rate for black women rose by one percentage point to
46%. With many years of hard work African American thrive for a better education ignoring the statistic that states that 9.6% of African American
would drop out of high school. African American prove that they can achieve and will achieve. In America, we are told that it is the land where
everything and anything is possible. For many years, it wasn't like that for African American. With many hard work, strength, and courage African
American manage to earn the right to an education. To the African American community education became more of a need than a want. We've learn
that education is such a powerful asset that with it you are unstoppable. You can do so much if you put your time and energy to it. Having an education
to African American is the one hope for a brighter and better

African Myths
Another myth is where all Africans are assumed to be black. To be African is to be black. And that Africans are not culturally diverse. Africans share
an in essence a unified culture. This myth is false because the mainstream of Africans has a dark skin color, which in the US, would be categorized as
black. Africans come in a wide variation of skin colors and physical types that many Africans find important among themselves. Africans range from an
almost dark blue–black skin color to a very light skin color that would pass in the US as socially white. Some immigrants to Africa are ancient
immigrants like Persians and Arabs among the Swahili of east Africa, Arabs in north Africa, or Indonesians among the Malagasy.

Visit To South Africa Essay
Visit Africa: Discover Southeast
There is something magical in cities like Paris, New York or Rome, and there's a reason why many of us dream to visit them at least once in our
lifetime. Charm, history and culture of these attractive destinations are inviting us to travel there and to explore them. On the other hand, be sure that
in these destinations you are going to meet a large number of tourists, full hotel capacities and overwhelming crowds in the city. So, maybe it is the
right time to choose something different, maybe it is time to discover Southeast Africa.
South African Republic
When we think about region of South Africa, this is the first destination that comes to our mind. South Africa is visually breathtaking. It is a land of
vast plains, mountains, golden beaches and barren deserts. Cities of South Africa are as diverse as its landscape is. Johannesburg is bustling heart of
the country; a cosmopolitan Cape Town is an enclave of European chic at the Atlantic coast....show more content...
African elephants, white and black rhinos, giraffes, hippos, different kinds of antelope, leopards are just some of many animal species that you will
find there.
Mozambique
Although neighboring South Africa has a much more developed tourism, Mozambique is home to beautiful long beaches, beautiful culture, and safaris.
In coastal areas, the water is turquoise with the rich underwater world, so it is a great place for divers and nature lovers.
In Tofo Beach you can find amazing beaches and many opportunities for diving. Vilanculos is another great option and one of the best places that you
can visit if you want to enjoy the numerous water sports. From here you can access the beautiful Bazaruto archipelago paradise that has remained intact
and has retained its original appearance.
Once you get tired of the beach, you can visit Gorongosa National Park to enjoy the true African

African Cultures Essay
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they are different from any other culture of the world.
African cultures contain many different languages. African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative pottery, masks, and paintings.Africa has a very
interesting culture. Reasons being the people are very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or three languages, their...show more content...
The most common languages in South Africa are Xhosa, Tswana, Zulu, and Swahili (African Languages).
Zulu is one of nine Bantu languages spoken in East Southern Africa. Approximately 8.8 million people speak this language (African Languages).
Swahili is spoken as a mother language vast along the coast of East Africa. It is the national language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya
(African Languages). It is also the official in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this language (African
Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South African artists are active in many areas of art
including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and many more (African Arts Information). Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings, sculptures
tell a tale and immortalize cultures and beliefs. Different artists have different styles (African Arts Information). Materials and styles differ from
village to village. Most sculptors use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory, or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most sculpture figures
are believed to contain ancestor's spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events (Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and believed to have
magical powers (African Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).

The African Queen Essays
THE AFRICAN QUEEN Short Summary: "The African Queen" is the tale of two companions with different personalities who develop
an untrustworthy love affair as they travel together downriver in Africa around the start of World War I. They struggle against the climate, the river,
the bugs, the Germans and, most of all, against each other. In the course of much misery, they develop love and respect for each other. Detailed
Summary: In September 1914, the German occupying forces hold East Africa. The story starts in a small village that is overlorded by a stuffy British
missionary, Reverent Samuel Sayer and his spinster, prudish sister Rose Sayer, who is utterly devoted to her brother. Rose is also very naive and
pious. She...show more content...
In front of the lake, the Germans occupy a fort at Shona. And all along the way there are many rapids. Rose, who is now resolute and strong–willed,
wants to strike back against the Germans. She plans to destroy the German warship by using the explosives that are still on board of the
"African Queen". At first, Charlie doesn't want to support that patriotic plan. Rose tries to change his views by accusing him
permanently of not helping their country. That shows effects and Charlie agrees to her plan. They start their travel down to the river. At first they
are polite and tolerant to each other. After Charlie has drunk his gin, he suggests that they each could take a bath in the river. During the night, a
rain storm soacks Charlie, who must sleep on the open deck, while Rose sleeps on the lower deck. After they passed a series of dangerous rapids,
Charlie expects that Rose will think over her plan, but it turns out that this was not correct. On the contrary: Rose wishes more dangerous rapids
because she wants to learn how to steer the "African Queen". She is developing a kind of love for the "African Queen".
After some drinks Charlie reneges on his promise to destroy the German warship. He says that it is an absurd idea because the fort at Shona has
sharpshooters and snipers, which they have to pass during the day. Rose accuses him of being a liar and a coward. Charlie gets nervous and begins to
sing. He takes one

Feminism In African Feminism
According to Naomi Nkealah who considers diverse streams of African feminisms as something which strive to create a new, liberal, productive and
self–reliant African woman within the heterogeneous cultures of Africa. Feminisms in Africa, ultimately, aim at modifying culture as it affects women
in different societies. Thus taking the multifarious nature of African experience into consideration, African Feminisms explore the possibilities of
embracing the magnitude of their collective experiences. Assorted patterns of feminisms, that deviate from the conceptual equations of (western)
feminism and construed after indigenous models emerged in African backdrop– such as Womanism, Stiwanism, Nego–feminism, Motherism, Femalism
and Snail–sense feminism. Being indigenous blueprints these variegated modes were attempts to demarcate African female at the centre of entire
contentions and to explore in the cultural chronicles for material to initiate further elaboration. For Adichie the label 'feminist' is not something
derogatory but an umbrella where every woman should find shelter in. Adichie's pronouncements are completely against the preconceived notions on
gender are not meaningful but (universally) arbitrary. In "We All Shall Be Feminists" she says: But that is not what this conversation is about.
Gender and class are different. Poor men still have the privileges of being men, even if they do not have the privileges of being wealthy. I learned a lot
about systems of

The Importance Of African Identity In Africa

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The Importance Of African Identity In Africa