This is a detailed PPT designed for purpose of presentation during online classes and proper understanding of students. You will find detailed notes for this chapter in this PPT and also be able to understand the topics easily.

1. GLOBALISATION
AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY

2. CONTENT
BY- PRIYANSU RANJAN TRIPATHY
CLASS – X ‘B’
ROLL NO. – 19
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1
BOLANGIR, ODISHA

3. CONTENTS
Production
across countries01
Globalisation and
Foreign Trade02 Factors of
Globalisation03
World Trade
Organisation04
Impact of
Globalisation in
India
05
Struggle for a
Fair Globalisation06

4. 01
Production across countries

5. Mid 20th Century
Production largely organized within countries.
Raw materials, food stuff and finished
products crossed countries.
•TRADE – The main channel to connect
distant boundaries
•MNCs = Multinational Corporations emerged
then. They are the companies that own or
control production in more than one nation.

6. Multinational Company/Corporations
•The companies or corporations which have their business in more
than one country are called Multinational Corporation or MNC.
•It setups offices and factories for production in regions where they
can get cheap labour and other resources.
•Their goods and services are produced and consumed globally.
•Production is organized in increasingly complex ways.
•Example- Pepsi, Nike, Apple, Microsoft, etc.

7. INTERLINKING PRODUCTION ACROSS COUNTRIES
•MNCs Setup production offices and factories on the basis of
the availability of skilled and unskilled labour at cheap prices.
•They look at the government policies for their interests.
INVESTMENT
Investment- The money that is used to assemble the
factors of production such as land. building, machinery etc.
are called Investment.
Foreign Investment- Investment made in a country by a
Multinational Company originated from some other country is
called Foreign Investment.

8. ADVANTAGES TO LOCAL COMPANIES
• Benefits to the local companies in Joint
production is 2 fold:-
1. MNCs can provide additional investments like,
buying new machines for faster production.
2. MNCs might bring with them the latest
technology.
Most common route for MNC investments is to
buy up local companies and then expand
production.

9. Interaction of MNCs and Local producers
Large MNCs in developed countries place orders for production with small
producers like garments, footwears etc.
The products are supplied to the MNCs, which then sell these under their own
brand names to the customers.
 The MNCs have tremendous power to determine
• Price
• Quality
• Delivery and
• Labour condition for these distant production.
MNCs exert a strong influence on production at distant locations:-
•By setting up partnerships with local companies,
•By using the local companies for supplies,
•By closely competing with local companions or buying them up.
As a result, production in these widely dispersed locations is getting interlinked.

10. 02
Globalisation and Foreign Trade

11. FOREIGN TRADE
•Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the
domestic markets.
•Producers can sell their products not only in markets located within the
country but can also compete in markets located in other countries of the
world.
•Buyers have the options to choose among various goods beyond domestically
produced goods because import of goods produced in another country is one
way of expanding the choice of goods beyond what is domestically produced.
•Competition increases among local and foreign companies and this leads to
expansion of market
THUS, FOREIGN TRADE RESULTS IN CONNECTING THE MARKETS OR
INTEGRATION OF MARKETS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.

12. WHAT IS GLOBALISATION?
•Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection of countries.
•MNCs are playing a major role in the globalisation process.
•More and more goods and services, investments and technology are moving
between countries.
•There is one more way in which the countries can be connected. This is through
the movement of people between countries.
•Most region of the world is in closer contact with each other than a few decade
back.

13. 03
Factors of Globalisation

14. Factors responsible for Globalization
Technology
•Rapid improvement in technology has been one
major factor that has stimulated the globalisation
process.
•This has made possible much faster delivery of
goods across long distances at lower costs.
•The developments in information and
communication technology have made information
instantly accessible.

15. Development in telecommunications,
computers, internet etc.
•These has given a big boost to the process
of globalization.
•Because of the modern facilities, it is very
easy
to access information instantly, and to
communicate form remote areas.

16. Liberalisation of Foreign Trade and
Foreign Investment Policy
•Trade barriers are some restrictions that have been
set up by governments.
•The government can use trade barriers to increase or
decrease (regulate) foreign trade and to decide what
kinds of goods and how much of each, should come
into the country.
•Tax on imports is an example of trade barrier.
•Removing barriers or restrictions set by the
government on trade is known as liberalisation.
•When the government imposes less restrictions than
before, it is said to be more liberal.

17. •The Indian government, after independence, had
put barriers to foreign investment. This was
considered necessary to protect the producer
within the country from foreign competition.
•In 1991, the government decided that time had
come for Indian producers to compete with
producers around the globe.
•It felt that competition would improve the
performance of producers within the country since
they would have to improve their quality.
•Barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment
were removed to a large extent.

18. 04
World Trade Organisation

19. World Trade Organisation
•World Trade Organisation (WTO) is an organisation whose aim is
to liberalise international trade.
•At present, 165 countries of the world are currently members of the
WTO.
•It has established rules for developed countries regarding
international trade so that these countries can allow free trade for
all.
•Though WTO is supposed to allow a free trade to all, in practice, it
is seen that the developed countries have unfairly retained trade
barriers.
•On the other hand, WTO rules have forced the developing
countries to remove the trade barriers.

20. 05
Impact of Globalisation in India

21. Impact of Globalisation in India
Globalisation has impacted the lives of
people in India in the following manner:
•It has provided greater choices to consumers
who now enjoy improved quality of products
and lower prices on several products.
•It has resulted in higher standards of living
due to low costs of commodities.

22. Impact of Globalisation on companies
•MNCs have increased their investments in India over the past 20 years,
which means investing in India has been beneficial for them.
•These products have a large number of well-off buyers. In these
industries and services, new jobs have been created.
•Also, local companies supplying raw materials, etc. to these industries
have prospered.
Several of the top Indian companies have been able to benefit from the
increased competition.
They have invested in newer technology and production methods and
raised their production standards.
Some have gained from successful collaborations with foreign
companies.

23. Globalisation has enabled some large Indian
companies to emerge as multinationals
themselves.
Tata Motors (automobiles), Infosys (IT), Ranbaxy
(medicines), Asian Paints (paints), Sundaram
Fasteners (nuts and bolts) are some great
examples
•Globalisation has also created new opportunities
for companies providing services, particularly in the
IT sector.

24. 06
Struggle for A Fair Globalisation

25. The Struggle for a Fair Globalisation
•Fair globalisation creates opportunities for all and also ensures that
the benefits of globalisation are shared better.
•The government can play a major role in making this possible.
•Some of the steps that the government take are:
1. It can ensure that labour laws are properly implemented and the
workers get their rights.
2. It can support small producers to improve their performance.
3. If necessary, the government can use trade and investment
barriers.
4. It can negotiate at the WTO for ‘fairer rules’.
5. It can also align with other developing countries with similar
interests to fight against the domination of developed countries in
the WTO.