PORPHYRIN AND ALL ABOUT IT

1. Mewar institute ofMewar institute of
managementmanagement
PorphyrinsPorphyrins
Submitted to: Dr. Namrata MalikSubmitted to: Dr. Namrata Malik
Submitted by: Priya YadavSubmitted by: Priya Yadav
Msc. BiotechnologyMsc. Biotechnology
II nd semII nd sem

2. ContentContent
 IntroductionIntroduction
 StructureStructure
 Synthesis of hemeSynthesis of heme
 Regulation of synthesisRegulation of synthesis
 MetabolismMetabolism
 Degradation of hemeDegradation of heme
 ApplicationApplication
 Clinical aspectsClinical aspects
 ConclusionConclusion
 ReferenceReference

3. What are porphyrins?What are porphyrins?
 Any of a Any of a classclass of of heterocyclicheterocyclic compoundscompounds containing four containing four
pyrrolepyrrole rings arranged in a rings arranged in a squaresquare; they are important in ; they are important in
biochemistrybiochemistry in a form with a in a form with a metalmetalatomatom in the central in the central cavitycavity
( (hemoglobinhemoglobin with with ironiron, , chlorophyllchlorophyll with with magnesiummagnesium,,
etc.).etc.).

4. StructureStructure

5.  Porphyrins emit intense red fluorescence when exposed to light atPorphyrins emit intense red fluorescence when exposed to light at
around 400 nm. Thus, spectrofluorometric methods provide veryaround 400 nm. Thus, spectrofluorometric methods provide very
sensitive detection and quantification of porphyrinssensitive detection and quantification of porphyrins
 The porphyrin isomers differ in the arrangement of the side-chainThe porphyrin isomers differ in the arrangement of the side-chain
substituents (e.g. acetyl and propionyl in uroporphyrins; methyl andsubstituents (e.g. acetyl and propionyl in uroporphyrins; methyl and
propionyl in coproporphyrins) *.propionyl in coproporphyrins) *.

6.  Porphyrins are differentiated by the kind and order of substitutesPorphyrins are differentiated by the kind and order of substitutes
occupying the 8 peripheral position of pyrole rings of porphyrins .occupying the 8 peripheral position of pyrole rings of porphyrins .
 Of many kinds of porphyrins found in nature, only uroporphyrinOf many kinds of porphyrins found in nature, only uroporphyrin
caproporphyrin and protoporphyrin have clinical significance. *caproporphyrin and protoporphyrin have clinical significance. *

7. Synthesis of hemeSynthesis of heme

8.  In mammalian cells, haem synthesis occurs mostly in liver andIn mammalian cells, haem synthesis occurs mostly in liver and
erythropoietictissues (the erythropoietic cells (80%) and the livererythropoietictissues (the erythropoietic cells (80%) and the liver
parenchymal cells (20%))parenchymal cells (20%))
 The biosynthetic pathway starts in the mitochondrion and, afterThe biosynthetic pathway starts in the mitochondrion and, after
passing through three cytoplasmic stages, re-enters thepassing through three cytoplasmic stages, re-enters the
mitochondrion for the final steps of haem formation.mitochondrion for the final steps of haem formation.
 Haemoproteins play very important roles in electron and oxygenHaemoproteins play very important roles in electron and oxygen
transport, in the activation of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and,transport, in the activation of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and,
finally, in hydrogen peroxide decompositionfinally, in hydrogen peroxide decomposition

9. **

10. REGULATION OF HAEM SYNTHESIS **
Regulation of haem biosynthesis in the liver

11. Retroinhibition of hepatic ALAS1 activity via a negative
feedback regulation mediated by the free intracellular
haem pool.

13. Degradation of porphyrinDegradation of porphyrin

14. ApplicationApplication
 in in macular degenerationmacular degeneration using using verteporfinverteporfin
 in phototherapy to treat bacterial infections, such as acne.in phototherapy to treat bacterial infections, such as acne.
 studied as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compoundsstudied as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds
 emulate the action of various emulate the action of various hemeheme enzymes such as cytochrome enzymes such as cytochrome
P450, lignin peroxidase.P450, lignin peroxidase.
 in molecular electronics and supramolecular building blocksin molecular electronics and supramolecular building blocks

15. Cont…Cont…
 to construct structures in supramolecular chemistry.to construct structures in supramolecular chemistry.
 the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had onthe study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on
the Earth, had its origins in the isolation of porphyrins fromthe Earth, had its origins in the isolation of porphyrins from
petroleum.petroleum.
 the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had onthe study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on
the Earth, had its origins in the isolation of porphyrins fromthe Earth, had its origins in the isolation of porphyrins from
petroleumpetroleum..

17. ConclusionConclusion
 Synthesis of porphyrins occurs in animals for haemSynthesis of porphyrins occurs in animals for haem
production and in plants for chlorophyll production.production and in plants for chlorophyll production.
 Distribution pattern of porphyrin in urine serves asDistribution pattern of porphyrin in urine serves as
functional fingerprint of toxicity.functional fingerprint of toxicity.

18. ReferenceReference
 www.reactome.orgwww.reactome.org
 www.springeronline copywww.springeronline copy
 www.google.comwww.google.com

19. Thank youThank you