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Tumour Targeting- Priya Talekar.pptx
- 1. TUMOUR TARGETING Guided by: Dr. Kendre Prakash Presentated by: Talekar Priya 27 jul 2022 1
- 2. ▸Introduction ▸Difference between normal cell and cancer cell ▸Stages of tumour development ▸Tumour targeting ▸Approaches for tumour targeting ▸References 2 Contents 27 jul 2022
- 3. Introduction A tumour, also known as a neoplasm, is an abnormal mass of tissue that may be solid or fluid-filled. 3 27 jul 2022 Fig. Magnified view of Cancer cell
- 4. • In general, tumours are divided into three groups: 1. Benign: These are not cancerous and cannot spread. A benign tumour will remain in its current form. They do not generally return after being removed. 2. Premalignant: A premalignant tumour is not yet cancerous but appears to be developing the properties of cancer. 3. Malignant: Malignant tumours are cancerous. They can grow, spread, and get worse. 4 27 jul 2022
- 6. Difference Between Normal Cell And Cancer Cell 6 NORMAL CELL TUMOUR CELL Cell repair & cell death Repair& apoptosis(cell death process) No repair &apoptosis Metastasize No Yes Rate of growth Controlled Uncontrolled Functioning Functional Non functional Angiogenesis Only when required for repair Always Mortality Mortal Immortal 27 jul 2022
- 7. 7 ▸. 27 jul 2022
- 10. Modified with targeting moieties, such as antibodies, antibody fragments, specific molecules, small peptides etc., the carriers (nanoparticles) can target specific receptors and antigens expressed only on the tumour cell surface or the tumour microenvironment, reducing side effects on normal cells. TUMOUR TARGETING 10 Targeted therapy Targeted Drug Delivery Tumour targeting 27 jul 2022
- 11. Targeted therapy It is a type of medication that blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targets which are needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth Targeted Drug Delivery Refers to predominant drug accumulation within a target zone that is independent of the method and route of drug administration 11 27 jul 2022 Targeted therapy Targeted Drug Delivery
- 12. TRIGGERED DRUG DELIVERY APPROACHES FOR TUMOUR TARGETING ACTIVE TARGETING 12 PASSIVE TARGETING 27 jul 2022
- 13. 13 PASSIVE TARGETING • Passive targeting is based on drug accumulation in the areas around the tumours with leaky vasculature; commonly referred to as the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect • Passive targeting exploits the anatomical differences between normal and tumour tissue to deliver the drugs. • Passive targeting involves transport of nanocarriers through leaky tumour capillary fenestrations into the tumour interstitium and cells by convection or passive diffusion & selective accumulation of nanocarriers and drug then occur by the EPR effect 27 jul 2022
- 14. ▸ The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a unique phenomenon of solid tumors based on their anatomical and pathophysiological differences from normal tissues. ▸ Macromolecular drugs could accumulate and retain in solid tumor tissues selectively but they will not distribute much in normal tissue. ▸ EPR based chemotherapy is thus becoming an important strategy to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors for anticancer drug development. Enhanced Permeability & Retention Effect 14 27 jul 2022
- 15. 15 ▸ . 27 jul 2022
- 16. Examples : Approved Drugs Carrier Drug Name Indication Nanoparticles • Doxorubi cin • paclitaxel • Transdru g • Nanoxel • Hepato- Carcinom a • Breast cancer Liposomes • Doxorubi cin • Vincristin e • Myocet • Marqibo • Breast cancer • Leukemia Polymeric micelles • Paclitaxel • Genexol- PM • Breast, lung, pancreati c cancer 16 27 jul 2022
- 17. ACTIVE TARGETING ▸Active targeting is used to describe specific interactions between drug/drug carrier and the target cells, usually through specific ligand– receptor interactions. ▸Active targeting means a specific ligand–receptor type interaction for intracellular localization which occurs only after blood circulation and extravasation. ▸Active drug targeting is generally implemented to improve target cell recognition and target cell uptake, and not to improve overall tumor accumulation. 17 27 jul 2022
- 19. ▸ Ligand mediated targeting is the major approach that involves ligands developed against cell receptors or antigenic determinants expressed on tumor cells or vasculature. ▸ Examples ▸ Folate ▸ Transferrin ▸ Lectins 19 27 jul 2022
- 20. 20 ▸ . 27 jul 2022
- 21. TRIGGERED DRUG DELIVERY ▸ The tumor microenvironment differs from that normal cells microenvironment. ▸ Advantage of the difference in pH, temperature and presence of enzymes is used to release the drug in the tumor microenvironment. ▸ pH sensitive drug release ▸ Enzyme activated conjugates ▸ Proteases ▸ External stimuli triggered (Magnetic field) 21 27 jul 2022
- 22. 22 ▸ . ▸ . 27 jul 2022
- 23. RECENT UPDATES ▸ Polymeric Nano micelles sustained delivery of anti-cancer drugs(paclitaxel, doxorubicine and camphothecine using methyl dioxanone as co- polymer) ▸ Recent advance in drug development: G- Quadruplex as new drug target ▸ Chemo-photo thermal therapy of doxorubicine encapsulated in PEGylated graphene oxide 23 27 jul 2022
- 24. References ▸Targeted & controlled drug delivery Novel Carrier Systems by S P Vyas and R K Khar; 512- 557 ▸Targeted drug delivery to tumours: Myths, reality and possibility https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article s/PMC3272876/ ▸Design of nanoparticle based carriers for targeted drug delivery https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article s/PMC4936496/ 24 27 jul 2022
- 25. 25 THANKS ! 27 jul 2022