1. Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of skin losing pigmentation, appearing white with sharp margins. It is caused by an autoimmune destruction of skin pigment cells and has no cure. 2. There are two main types - non-segmental vitiligo which can develop at any age and affect areas symmetrically, and segmental vitiligo which has a different appearance, cause, and treatment approach. 3. Treatment options include ultraviolet light in combination with creams or steroid applications, but lesions on hands/feet are most difficult to repigment and those on the face are easiest. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevention.

1. LEUCODERMA
PRINCY VINOD

2. INTRODUCTION
• Eucoderma /Vitiligo is a long term skin condition characterized by patches
of the skin loosing their pigment.The patches of the skin affected become
white and usually have sharp margins.
• The hair from the skin may also become white.The inside of the mouth and
nose may also be involved.
• Typically both sides of the body are affected often the patches begin on areas
of skin that are exposed to the sun.
• It is more noticeable in people with dark.

3. CAUSES
Immune.
Autoimmune.
The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown,
 It is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility.
 That triggered by an environmental factor such.
 Auto immune disease which results in the destruction of skin pigment cells.

4. RISK FACTORS
1. Family history of autoimmune disease such as,
2. Hyperthyroidism.
3. Alopecia areata.

5. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
1. Presence of pale patchy areas of depigmented skin which tend to occur on
on the extremities.
2. The patches are initially small,but often grow and change shape.
3. When skin lesions occur .They are most prominent on the face ,hands and
wrists.
4. Loss of pigmentation may usually seen around on the body orifices such as
mouth,eyes,nostrils,genitalia and umbilicus.

6. CONTINUED…
• Some lesions have increased skin pigmentation around the edge.
• People with Vitiligo has stigmatized for their condition may experience
depression and similar mood disorders.

7. DIAGNOSIS
1. History collection.
2. Physical Examination.
3. Tissue biopsy.

8. CLASSIFICATION
1. Non –Segmental.
2. Segmental.
Non –Segmental:-
1. Non –Segmental vitiligo can come about at any age and the patches are
usually in the symmetry from classes of non segmental vitiligo includes the
following five types of vitiligo

9. 1.GENERALISED VITILIGO

10. 2.UNIVERSAL VITILIGO

11. 3.FOCAL VITILIGO

12. 4.ACROFACIAL VITILIGO

13. 5.MUCOSAL VITILIGO

14. SEGMENTAL
Segmental vitiligo differs in appearance cause and frequency of associated
illness.Its treatment is different from the non-segmental vitiligo.
It does not improve with topical therapies or UV light.However surgical
treatment such as cellular grafting can be effective.

15. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Chemical leukoderma is a similar conditions due to multiple exposure to
chemical.Vitiligo however is a risk factor ,triggers may includes:-
o Inflammatory skin conditions.
o Burns.
o Intralesional steroid injection.
o Abrasions.
Other conditions with similar symptoms includes the following:-

16. 1.PITYRIASIS ALBA
Pityriasis alba is a common, benign skin disorder consisting of
characteristic round or oval hypopigmented lesions with fine scales
and occurring predominantly in children and adolescents

17. 2.TUBERCULOID LEPROSY
• Tuberculoid leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by solitary skin
lesions that are asymmetrically distributed with few lesions and well
demarcated edges.

18. 3.POST INFLAMMATORY
HYPOPIGMENTATION.
• Postinflammatory pigmentation is temporary pigmentation that follows
injury (eg, a thermal burn) or inflammatory disorder of the skin (eg,
dermatitis, ...

19. 4.TINEA VERSICOLOR
• A common fungal infection that causes small, discoloured patches of skin.

20. 5.ALBINISM

21. 6.PIEBALDISM

22. 7.IDIOPATHIC GUTTATE
HYPOMELANOSIS

23. 8.PROGRESSIVE MACULAR
HYPOMELANOSIS

24. TREATMENT
• There are no cure for vitiligo/Leucoderma butseveral treatment options are
available

25. PREVENTION
• 1.Maintain a happy mood.
• 2.Regular Sun.
• 3.A reasonable diet.

26. TREATMENT
• There are no cure for vitiligo/leukoderma but several treatment options are
available.
• Combination of ultraviolet light in combination with creams.
• The best evidence is for applied steroids.
• Phototherapy only be sed if primary treatment are ineffective.
• Lesions located on hands ,feet and joints are the most difficult to repigment.
• Those on the face are easiest to return to the natural skin color as the skin is
thinner in nature.

27. VITILIGO DIET CHART
EAT
o Potatos.
o Green leafy vegetables
o Whole grains.
o Dates.
o Almonds.
AVOID
• Red meat,Beef.
• Caffeine.
• Oranges.
• Milk.
• Lemon.

28. NURSING CARE FOR VITILIGO
/LEUCODERMA
• Nurse should advice the clients as;-
o Work and rest avoid over exertion.
o Establish a good living law to avoid the body’s biological clock disorders
neuron to crine disorders.
o Protect theskin from injury cannot be forced to take a both when rubbed.

29. • Avoid contact with phenol compounds,such as rubber products ,rubber
globes,shocks to avoid prolonged intense sunlight.
• Large clothes shouldfit the body,especially under garments is not too tight
the belt should be loose clinically under the breast ,waist groin white
spots,often because oflocal appression due Undergarments should be cotton
material.