Zoology Kerala State Syllabus Higher Secondary Plus Two Exam Important Questions and DIscusions. Watch the video for detailed discussions https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8qkmi2Zm8Y349meFKzVi4-QofB4bpTyc

1. QUICK REVISION – Important questions

2. Human Reproduction-WEIGHTAGE - 10 Percentage = 3 MARKS
1. Some sex organs given . Group them under male or female.
(Prostate gland, Vagina , Epididymis, Mons pubis,
Glans penis, Hymen, Uterus, Vas deferens)
2. Structure of sperm and its pathway to exterior?
3. Differentiate between SPERMATOGENESIS & OOGENESIS with flow chart.
4. Role of FSH & LH in male & female?
5. Relate the followings events to female reproductive parts:
1. fetilisation 2. implantation 3. Insemination 4. Ovulation
6. Important terms & functions?
1. Leydig cells 6. BLASTULA
2. Sertoli cells 7. Colostrum
3. Androgens 8. ANTRUM
4. Corpus luteum 9. Placenta
5. Acrosome 10. Scrotum
7. Identify the source of production and role of these hormones in reproduction?
1. testosterone 2. Oestrogen 3. Progesterone
8. Arrange the followings in order:
( Morula, Cleavage, Blastula, Fertilisation, Implantation, Zygote, Parturition)

3. 2,6 3 6:4,8
4
4
26:5
8

4. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH –Percentage 10 = 3 Marks
1. Father is biologically responsible for sex of foetus, Justify ?
2. Expand the followings
RCH, MTP , STD,IUD, ZIFT, ICSI, GIFT
3. Write the common ART terms used for following different situations.
1. In vitro fertilisation is followed by Embryo transfer before 8 celled stage
2. Female partner who cannot produce ovum.
3. Inability of male partner to inseminate.
4. In vitro fertilisation is followed by Embryo transfer after 8 celled stage.
4. What is amniocentesis? Why it is banned?
5. Which are three types of IUD ? Why it is used as effective contraceptive device?
6. What is Vasectomy & Tubectomy? Why it is permanent sterility methods?
7. Why is MTP legalised in INDIA?
8. Make a matching pairs of given terms
with following conditions which prevents- 1. Sperm reaching cervix
2. Implantation, 3. Ovulation, 4. presence of sperm in semen.
{ PILLS, CONDOM, Vasectomy, Copper T }

5. Vasectomy Cu T
Tubectomy
MTP
AI
1
2
2
6
5
6
2
1

6. PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION- Weightage 5 Marks
1. Match the relationships of the given ratios with
different pattern of inheritance and examples?
Type of cross RATIO EXAMPLE
Monohybrid phenotypic ----------- Tall pea plant * Dwarf
--------------- 9:3:3:1 Tall,Round seeded *
Dwarf wrinkled peaplant
Incomplete phenotypic
& genotypic
-------- Red * white flowered
4’clock plant/snapdragon
Monohybrid Genotypic -------- ----------
2.Name the followings : 1.Both alleles are equally expressed in heterozygote,
2.The units which control a character , 3. The mutation due to insertion or
deletion of single base pair,4. Existence of two or more genes on same chromosome.
3. Identify the cross ,Write its significance ?
Ww * ww >>> > Ww (50) , ww (50)
4. Name the different laws proposed by Mendel based on his
monohybrid and Di hybrid crosses.?

7. PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE…………………….
5. Classify the following animals under heterogametic and homogametic?
Write the sex determination methods in them ?
Grass hopper, Drosophila ,Birds ,Human beings
6.A child with AB blood group is born to a father with A and
mother with B blood group.
Is it possible? Evaluate with proof?
7. Some symbols are used in genetic study.
What is its use , explain with two examples?
8. Genetic disorders are divided in to
Mendelian disorder & Chromosomal disorders.
(Mendelian disorders are due to alteration in the single gene ,
where chromosomal disorders are changes in no of chromosomes.)
Some examples are given , Categorise them under two headings.
[ Downs syndrome, Haemophilia, Phenylketonuria, Turners syndrome. ]

8. 9. . Match the followings:
( Pheny ketonuria , Downsyndrome , Turners syndrome, Haemophilia)
WITH
{ Sex linked recessive trait, Absence of one X chromosome,
Autosomal recessive trait, Trisomy of 21 st chromosome }
10. Sickle cell anaemia is the abnormal condition of polypeptide chain present
in RBC . Identify the given chain as normal / abnormal. ?
VAL- HIS- LEU- THR- PRO- VAL- GLU
What is the reason for this abnormality? How this effect a person?
11. Genotypes of some chromosomal disorders are given. ?Identify them &
Write their important features ?
1. 44A + XO , 2. 45 A + XX/XY , 3. 44A + XXY
12. Write symbols used in pedigree chart for representing an effected male &
mating between relatives
Principle of inheritance ……….

9. 1:2:1
XX - XO -= Grass hopper
XX - XY = Man, Drosophila
TEST CROSS
1 3
3
1
5
5

10. Sickle cell anaemia
Downs syndrome

11. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE- Weightage 6 Marks.
1.Write any 4 peculiarities of DNA molecule? Write any two bonds present in it?
2. Identify the experimental set up & complete it.
A. S strain >>>> inject to mice >>>>> mice die
B. R strain >>> inject to mice >>>>> ……? …….
C. S strain (heat killed) >> inject to mice >>>> mice live
D. ……….. ? ……….. >>>>> inject to mice >>>> ……… ? …….
3. From the given molecules select most suitable genetic material, with reason.
{ PROTEIN, DNA , RNA }
4. –vely charged DNA molecule is wrapped around +vely charged histone unit
to form Nucleosome.
a) How many histone units constitute the main core of Nucleosome. ?
b) Write its name? c) How the DNA strand is firmly fixed ?
5. Diagram of replication fork is given.
a) In which direction are leading strand and lagging strands
are synthesised during replication.?
b) Name the enzymes involved in this process?

12. Molecular basis of Inheritance………
6. Watson & Crick proposed semiconservative mode of DNA replication.
But it experimentally proved by other two scientists.
a) Name them?
b) What do you mean by this type of replication
7.Provide a single term for – “ the flow of genetic information
from DNA to RNA to Protein.” b) Make a schematic representation of it.
c) Who proposed it ?
8. The mRNA is formed as product of Transcription . How can you identify
an eukaryotic mRNA ? Make a sketch of it ?
9. A DNA sequence is given. 3’ TACGAGTGAAGCATT 5’
a) Make its complimentary strand .
b) Make a mRNA that would be formed from it?

13. Molecular basis of Inheritance………..
10. The genetic code is a 3 letter combination of nucleotide sequence in
m RNA , which contain the information for protein synthesis.
List any four salient features of genetic code?
11. The t RNA act as an adaptor molecule .Give reason?
Label anticodon region in the diagram?
12. Translation is the decoding of nucleotide sequences of m RNA
to amino acid sequences of Protein.
a) Identify the organelle involved in it. ?
b) What will be the first codon present in that m RNA ?
c) Name the three possible codons in the terminal end ?
d) Name the enzyme involved in this process ?
13.By using the given terms construct a schematic diagram
showing the process of gene expression.
[ Promotor gene, Structural genes(z,y,a), Beta galactosidase,
Operator gene, Permease, Transacetylase, Repressor protein ]

14. 14. Why HGP is called a mega project ? Which major
approaches are used in HGP ?
15. According to Alec Jeffrey DNA finger printing involves
identifying differences in specific regions of repetitive DNA.
a) Which are the different steps involved in it?
b) Write the various applications of it ?
c) Name the principle behind this technology
16. Match the columns
A B
a) Harshe & Chase - Operon concept
b) Watson & Crck - Genetic code
c) Jacob & Monod - Blender experiment
d) George Gamow - DNA helical model
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE ………….

15. NUCLEOSOME CENTRAL DOGMA REPLICATION FORK
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION

16. LAC OPERON

18. EVOLUTION Weightage : 4 Marks
1. Arrange the given chemical compounds in the sequential order
as per the concept of origin of life. Name this mode of theory .?
Correlate Millers experiment with this.
[ Ammonia, Hydrogen, Protein , Nucleic acid ,Aminoacid,]
2. Homologous & Analogous organs are evidences of evolution.
Explain the term with suitable example.
3. From the following items draw a flow chart showing Darwinism.
{Survival of the fittest, Struggle for existence , Over production,
Origin of species , Natural selection, Variation. }
4. Identify the type of evolutionary process occurred in following examples?
( Darwin finches, Eyes of octopus and mammals,
Marsupials in Australia , Forelimbs of vertebrates)
5. Make anote on the followings :
1) Darwin finches, 2) Adaptive radiation, 3)Industrial melanism,
4)Stabilising selection, 5)Genetic drift 6)Big bang theory.

19. Evolution ……….
6. “ A population has been exhibiting genetic equilibrium.”
a) Name the underlying principle?
b) Write the equation showing this principle?
c ) In a population if the frequency of dominant allele is 0.7 & the frequency of
recessive allele is 0.3, Find the frequency of heterozygous individuals ?
d) Name the factors effecting this principle ?
7. Operation of natural selection on different traits can represent
as different types of graphs
a) Name the three types of selection and explain selection procedure ?
8. Human activities have a role in the process of evolution.
Substantiate your answer with examples
9. Make a matching pairs , finding a relationship.
( 350mya , land reptiles disappered, 200mya, Jaw less fish appeared,
65mya, reptiles dominated )
10. Construct a flow chart of Human evolution, Including important features

20. p2 +2 pq +q2 = 1

21. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES Weightage :4 Marks
1.Symptoms of some diseases are given. Identify the diseases
and write causative pathogen?
{1. High fever & Stomach pain. 2. Nasal discharge 3. Scaly lesions on skin
4. Stool with blood clot 5.Recurrent fever & chill 6.Inflammation of lymph vessels }
2. Prepare a flow chart of life cycle of Plasmodium.?
3. Classify the following barriers of innate immunity under 3 suitable headings?
( Skin, Saliva, Mucus , WBC , Interferons , Acid of stomach )
4. Which are the two divisions of acquired immunity ? How you can justify the
role of memory cells in it?
5. Categorise following features under Passive & Active immunity ?
( a) Antigens are injected to trigger immune response
b) Ready made antibodies are injected ,hence immune response not triggered.
c) Quick protection against foreign agents
d) memory cells produced
e) This is slow ad takes time to give full response.
f) No role of memory cells.)

22. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES Weightage :4 Marks
6. Select examples of passive immunity from the given list. Name the type of
immunoglobulin involved in it ?
{ Breast feeding a new born baby, Natural infection of chicken pox }
7. Antigen binding site is present in the structure of immunoglobulin.
a) which polypeptide chains are involved in it ? What is the role of this site?
8. Malignant & Benign are two type cancer growth.
a) Which one is more dangerous ? Why ?
b) Write any two peculiarities of cancer cells?
9. “ Don’t die of ignorance “ a) About which it is mentioned?
b) List two measures taken by WHO to prevent this ?
c) Why its causative agent is referred as retrovirus ?
10.Which are the warning signs of drug abuse ?
11. Explain following terms : MALT , AIDS , ELISA, METASTASIS

23. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES Weightage :4 Marks
12. Allergic diseases are more common in metro cities . Give reason.
Suggest any two drugs which reduce the allergic symptoms ?
13.Steps of Flow chart of multiplication of single HIV in a host cell is given .
Arrange in order.
{ 1. Viral RNA converted in to viral DNA ,
2. Viral RNA introduced in to host cell,
3. New viral RNA is produced from host nucleus,
4. Viral DNA incorporated in to host DNA,
5. New viral progenies are released from host cell.
6. Virus infects a normal cell. }
14.Name any two primary and secondary lymphoid organs in our body ?
15.Name the drugs :
1. A depressant slows down body functions ? *
2. Affects cardiovascular system of the body ?
3. Interferes transport of dopamine ?
4. An effective pain killer and sedative ? *
b) Of these which ones are Opioids ?

26. Active Passive
Natural vaccination maternal Artificial

27. MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE Weightage : 2 Marks
1. Expand following terms?
{ BOD , IPM, STPs , IARI }
2. Name the microbes involved in following actions ?
a) Conversion of milk to curd
b) Symbiotic association with roots of leguminous plants
c) Production of biogas
d) Production of genetically modified cotton plant
3. Identify the microbes involved in following medical importance ?
a) Remove clot from clot buster . b) Lowers blood cholesterol
c) Act as immunosuppressant d) Retard the growth of other microbes
4. During biological sewage treatment flocs formation occurs .
a) What you mean by flocs ?
b) Write two uses of flocs ?
5. Bio fertilizer is the best alternative for chemical fertiliser . Justify?

28. Milk curd - LAB
Higher BOD = pollution
STREPTOKINASE
STATIN
CYCLOSPORIN A

29. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION Weightage : 3 Marks
1. Arrange the following invertebrates in descending order based on their
proportionate number in globe.?
{ Crustaceans , other invertebrates , molluscs , insects }
2. Identify most diversity shown groups from : 1. Vertebrates , 2. plants
3. Define biodiversity ? List the three hierarchical levels of it ?
4. Arrange the following terms into two strategies of conservation.
{ Sacred grove, Zoo, Cryopreservation, National park , Botanical garden,
gene banks, Biosphere reserve , Sanctuary }
5. Why tropic show greatest levels of species richness?
6. Find matching words for the following terms & State related scientist .
1. Rivet popper 2.Species richness { More species / Importance of key species}
7. In the graph of species area relation ship lo-log scale is plotted using an
equation Log S = log C + Z log A . What do the letters C, Z & S
in the graph represent? What is the normal range in the value of Z ?
8. List out the EVIL QUARTET related to the loss of biodiversity ?
9. Explain the terms : Hot spots , Mass extincion, Endemic species, IUCN

30. Tropics – rich in diversity
*More solar light
*Less glaciation
*Less seasonal change
*More productivity

32. GOOD
LUCK