DETAILS AND STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

1. HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND STRATEGIES
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) Introduction 3
2) Need for high-rise buildings 4
3) Scope of high-rise buildings 6
4) Objectives 7
5) Advantages of high-rise buildings 8
6) Criteria for high-rise buildings 9
7) Design Consideration of
8) High-rise buildings 11
1) Architectural 12
2) Structural 14
3) Services 18
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1) Innovative technologies for high-rise buildings 27
2) Good Construction Practices for high-rise
buildings 31
3) Preventive Maintenance 32
4) Facility Management Guidelines 34
5) Statutory Clearances 35
6) Futuristic Contributions 40
7) Case Study 1: Aquaria Grande 43
8) Case Study 2: Skyville @ Dawson 49

3. INTRODUCTION
A high-rise building is defined as any tall, multi-storeyed
building over 60 feet (18.30m), or with six or more storeys.
High-rise buildings, particularly residential ones, have proved
to be beneficial in densely-populated cities where vacant plots
are almost impossible to find.
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SPR CITY, PERMABUR, CHENNAI
HOUSE OF HIRANANDANI, OMR, CHENNAI

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NEED FOR HIGH-
RISE BUILDINGS
• High-rise buildings, particularly residential
ones, have proved to be beneficial in densely-
populated cities where vacant plots are almost
impossible to find.
• In contrast to low-rise blocks, bungalows, and
villas, high-rise apartment blocks can
accommodate more inhabitants per unit of
area of land and can thus decrease any costs
and issues with planning.

5. NEED FOR HIGH-
RISE BUILDINGS
• Majority of the population lives in cities and urban
areas, with many more billions expected to join
them within the next 20-25 years.
• With rising population density, land values rise
while land sizes shrink.
• Thus, height limits are being revised in
metropolitan cities to make maximum use of
vertical space for commercial and residential
growth.
(Source: Bertaud A., 2015, “The Spatial Distribution of Land Prices and
Densities: The model developed by economists”)
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LIMIT OF URBANIZATION (d) TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE COST OF LAND
DEVELOPMENT

6. They are commonly built for singular uses such as for residential or
commercial purposes (shopping malls, offices).
When combined with other types such as recreational, institutional,
or assembly, it creates a high-rise building with mixed uses,
further adding to the value of the property and surrounding
land.
High-rise buildings create opportunities for innovations
in design, technologies, amenities, structure, disaster
response (earthquakes, fires, etc.), sustainability, climate
responsiveness, etc.
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SINGLE USE
MIXED USE
SCOPE OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

7. OBJECTIVES
 To achieve space efficiency.
 To ensure Structural strength to resist heavy loads
(dead, live, wind, etc.) and disasters.
 To achieve material and energy efficiency.
 To achieve sustainability (eco-friendly, climate-
responsiveness, etc.).
 Ensure comfort, safety, security, and universal
accessibility.
 Ensure views, aesthetics, and acoustics.
 Ensure ease of maintenance of the building.
 It should stand the test of time.
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8. ADVANTAGES OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
 Verticality + reduced footprint
 Cost-effective in the long run
 More Natural Light, Ventilation, and Fresh Air
 Less Noise & congestion
 Structural strength to resist heavy loads (dead, live, wind,
etc.) and disasters, with proper design.
 Safety & Security
 Feel of exclusive living
 Potential for several people and families, businesses, and
amenities to be nearby.
 Can be single or mixed-use
 Design flexibility to accommodate for future changes in use.
 Potential for energy efficiency, and sustainability with
integration with the natural environment
 Aesthetics
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9. CRITERIA FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
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Site assessment & alignment with local & national
codes & regulations.
Minimum road width of adjoining/access road
to site: 12 m
Minimum extent of the site for constructing
multi-storeyed buildings: 1200 sq.m.
(Source: TNCDBR, 2019)
The efficiency concerning the environment,
energy, materials, cost, time, and space
70-75% net-to-gross floor area ratio is
appropriate for space efficiency.
Efficient circulation: vertical transportation
(staircases, elevators); Design for safety,
security, and accessibility.

10. Integration of services and structures as per NBC
2016: stairs & elevators, electrical, telecommunications,
water supply & management, waste & sewage disposal
systems, HVAC, and fire protection & life safety.
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Architectural & structural integrity for utmost safety to
prevent disasters.
CRITERIA FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

11. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS
• Architectural
• Structural
• Services
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12. ARCHITECTURAL:
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Tall buildings should have a
positive relationship with
surrounding features and
buildings without hindering them.
The architectural quality of the
building, including its scale, form,
elevation, etc., is more important
the higher up it is.
It creates opportunities to offer
improved accessibility while opening
up views and acting as a landmark.
Tall buildings can set exemplary
standards in design because of
their high profile and local
impact.
Tall buildings are expensive to
build, but it is extremely
important not to dilute the
design quality throughout the
process of procurement, design
and construction.

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The development should interact
with and contribute positively to
its street-level surroundings.
Interacting with the local
community for advice and
feedback will also be helpful for the
design process.
The effect of a tall building on
the local microclimate should not
be underestimated, along with its
resulting shadows or its night-
time appearance.
Different cities have different
demands for high-rise developers.
Always check the local bye-laws
and building regulations before
designs are finalised.
Tall building proposals must
address their effect on historic
buildings, sites and
landscapes in the vicinity.
ARCHITECTURAL:

14. LOADING FORCES STRENGTH, STABILITY, AND STIFFNESS
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STRUCTURE:

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STRUCTURE:
ERECTION PROCESS & SPEED
SEQUENTIAL LOADING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

16. SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION AND FOUNDATION
SETTLEMENT
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STRUCTURE:
DEEP/PILE FOUNDATION SYSTEMS

17. SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
CIRCULATION:
It is influenced by several factors such as floor area, typology,
building design, and occupancy.
The accessibility/universal design guidelines, local development
regulations and the National Building Code are also factors
influencing the design of vertical transport in a building.
 Stairs (regular staircase, fire staircase)
 Ramps (vehicle access, disabled pedestrians access)
 Elevators/lifts (passenger, cargo/service, fire)
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PARTS OF A RAMP ELEVATOR SHAFT PLAN
STAIRCASE PLAN

18. ELECTRICAL:
Factors which are considered in the
design of a distribution system
include the following:
• Type of structure
• Present utilization and future
needs
• Projected life of the structure
• Flexibility of the structure
• Load requirements
• Location of service entrance and
load equipment
• Switchgear, distribution equipment
and panels
• Type of installation methods used
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ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION TO CONSUMERS
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION FROM SUBSTATION TO RESIDENTS
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)

19.  A substation is required when the total floor area of the buildings (excluding stilt and basement) exceeds 30,000 square metres or the power load
exceeds 5 Mega Volt Amp (MVA) (Source: TNERC/DQA-28 dated 2+1 2-2020).
 Each distribution substation should have its own DG Backup so that in case of mains power failure local DG sets are available as a backup as per the
normal practice.
 For all buildings above 15 m in height, an independent and ventilated meter (service) room is required on the ground floor with direct access from
outside.
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ELECTRICITY SUBSTATION BACKUP GENERATOR
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
ELECTRIC METER ROOM

20.  Emergency power supply
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TYPICAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
 Lightning arresters should be provided for all high-rise buildings for
lightning protection. (As per codes IS 2309 (1989), 11.5 of part 8
“BUILDING SERVICES”, section 2 of the National Building Code, 2019:
volume 2)
 Aviation Obstruction Lights

21. RAW
WATER
WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
UNDERG
ROUND
SUMP
OVERHEAD
TANK
RESIDENTIAL /
COMMERCIAL
BLOCKS
WATER
SUPPLY
DEMAND
DOMESTIC
USE: 150-200
LPHD
(COOKING,
DRINKING,
CLEANING,
ETC.)
FLUSHING:
45 LPHD
MAINTENANCE
FIRE
FIGHTING: 26
KLD
PLUMBING – WATER SUPPLY:
 Water supply demand and capacities are calculated based on the
typology and occupancy of the building. Water supply is required for the
following:
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SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY FLOWCHART
DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND FLOWCHART
METHODS OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY FOR MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS

22. SEWAGE
TREATMENT
PLANT
SURPLUS
TREATED
WATER
STORM WATER
DRAIN
WC CISTERNS
IRRIGATION
PLUMBING – SEWERAGE & DRAINAGE:
• Provisions should be made for an on-site water treatment plant (WTP) and
sewage treatment plant (STP) to treat greywater and soil water from
the premises.
• In areas where the sewage system provided by the Local body concerned
is not available and where the number of dwelling units exceeds 50 nos.
or 2500 sq.m. of commercial area, a sewage treatment plant shall be
provided and maintained for the disposal of the sewage within the
site itself as per the designs approved by such other Technical agencies
as Government may empanel from time to time.
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SULLAGE WATER PROCESS
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
SULLAGE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

23. FIRE PROTECTION & PREVENTION SYSTEMS/EQUIPMENT (AS PER NBC 2016):
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SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS (FOR FIRE AND/OR SMOKE, MANUAL AND
AUTOMATIC DETECTION)
FIRE HYDRANT/RISER SYSTEM
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
(WATER, CO2, SAND, ETC.)
FIRE PUMP
SMOKE CONTROL/PRESSURE
SYSTEMS
FIRE COMMAND CENTER
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
EMERGENCY
SIGNAGE

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TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING SHAFT
STAIRWELL OPENING RESTRICTIONS
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
FIRE SHAFT AND STAIRCASE (AS PER NBC 2016):

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BUILDING SECTION SHOWING REFUGE FLOORS
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)
REFUGE AREAS:
• One refuge floor every 15m after one at/ immediately after 24m.
• For apartment buildings height < 60m, with balconies: need
not have a refuge area.
• Refuge areas are required for apartment buildings without
balconies.
• For apartment buildings height ≥ 60m, one refuge floor every
30m after one at/ immediately after 60m.
0m GL
24m
39m
54m
70m

26. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
 In residential or predominantly residential developments with dwelling units exceeding 100 in number, the
design should include waste management infrastructure and at least a closed non-polluting storage
provision for solid waste storage within the premises.
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REFUSE CHUTE DIAGRAM
SERVICES: (SOURCE: NBC 2016, TNCDBR 2019)

27. EARTHQUAKE-PROOF CONSTRUCTION LARGE-SPAN FLOOR SLAB SYSTEMS
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BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM
DOVETAIL COMPOSITE DECK DEEP-RIBBED COMPOSITE DECK
COMPOSITE JOIST SLAB
• Long-span composite floor systems
are said to blend the speed and
versatility of steel with the
performance and durability of
concrete.
• These systems can contribute to a
building that features gained
finished ceiling height, efficient MEP
integration and versatile, column-
free environments.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS

28. MODERN FLOOR SYSTEMS INNOVATIVE LOAD-FRAME SYSTEMS
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SLIMDEK FLOOR SYSTEM WITH SERVICE DUCT ATTACHMENTS
PRE-STRESSED HOLLOW-CORE SLABS (CAN BE PRE-CAST OFF SITE)
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS

29. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS
MODULAR BUILDING PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION
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30. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HIGH-RISE
BUILDINGS USE OF INNOVATIVE/ADVANCED MATERIALS
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LOW-E GLASS/GLAZING
SELF HEALING CEMENT
HOLLOW CLAY BRICKS
CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER

31. GOOD CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
CONCRETE WORK RCC FRAMEWORK:
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RCC ROOF SLAB: PLASTERING:
CONCRETE & TERRAZZO FLOOR:
PACE OF CONSTRUCTION:
RCC WORK IN EXPOSED CONDITIONS:
WALL FINISHING:

32. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
What is preventive maintenance and how to use it effectively?
Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance) is maintenance
that is regularly and routinely performed on physical assets to reduce the
chances of equipment failure and unplanned machine downtime.
Why is preventive maintenance important?
Preventive maintenance is important because it lays the foundation for
successful facility management. Preventive maintenance keeps
equipment and assets running efficiently, maintains a high safety level for
your employees, and helps you avoid large and costly repairs down the
road.
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33. ESSENTIAL FACILITIES & SERVICES
• Building internal & external conditions
• Vertical transportation systems
• Water supply systems
• Drainage & sewage systems
• Power supply systems
• Security systems
• Fire protection systems & equipment
• Cleaning services
• Ventilation systems
• Heating systems
• Air conditioning systems
VALUE-ADDED FACILITIES & SERVICES
• Landscaping & gardening
• Façade care
• Swimming pool
• Sport & recreational facilities
• Social facilities
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FACILITIES FOR MAINTENANCE
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

34. FACILITY MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
1. When creating a schedule of facilities maintenance obligations,
agencies should include a list of all the facilities maintenance
obligations required, who is responsible for undertaking such
obligations and when the obligations need to be met.
2. Facilities managers need to ensure that they are familiar with the
legislation and regulations which govern the operation of their property
portfolio. Awareness of and compliance with relevant legislation and
regulations is essential.
3. The health and safety of staff and visitors (including contractors and
subcontractors working on site) are of paramount importance.
4. It is also important for facilities managers to be aware of the health and
safety, employment and training standards of all contractors, ensuring
that their subcontractors are also compliant with relevant legislation
and procedures. It is recommended that contractors are performance
managed against key performance indicators.
5. Agencies should not take on a contractor who has a poor health and
safety record. If an agency does and there is a serious issue on-site,
the agency may be held responsible for its poor performance.
6. Agencies should ensure that all contractors identify possible risks
before commencing work and identify and implement measures that
will mitigate the identified risks.
7. Agencies should ensure that contractors understand the need to report
any accident or dangerous incident to enable the appropriate
preventative actions to be undertaken.
8. Agencies should investigate all accidents that occur on their premises
and expect full cooperation from contractors and their employees to
establish the cause of such accidents and the remedial actions
necessary to prevent a recurrence.
9. Any accidents should be recorded in a register. The register should
document details of the accident, how the accident was dealt with and
the steps taken to prevent such accidents from occurring in the future.
10.Note that criminal checks/security clearances may be required before
contractors and sub-contractors can undertake work on particular
sites. The facilities staff are responsible for ensuring such clearances
are in place before providing access to such sites.
11.All assets (e.g. security systems) should be monitored and reviewed
regularly to minimise having to act reactively when an asset fails to
operate as it should.
12.The approach taken to maintain assets should be appropriate to the
criticality of the assets.
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35. STATUTORY CLEARANCES
APPROVAL CLEARANCE TYPE: PURPOSE: APPROVING AUTHORITY:
Ownership certificate/extract Ownership of land/plot CMDA/Taluk office
Non-encumbrance certificate Assurance that the property is free from any legal or
monetary liability such as mortgages or un-cleared loans.
Local Registration/Revenue department
Change in land use approval * To change land use designation of the land/plot from
agricultural to non-agricultural
CMDA
Approval of demolition of existing structure * Approval of demolition of existing structures on site Municipal Corporation (Eg.: Corporation of
Chennai)
NOC for height clearance from AAI * Height/building clearance for any buildings/structures
planned within 20km of an air-strip/air funnel.
AAI – Airports Authority of India
Directorate of Air Traffic Management
STAGE 1: PROJECT FEASIBILITY/PRE-SANCTION
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* : if required/applicable

36. STATUTORY CLEARANCES
APPROVAL CLEARANCE TYPE: PURPOSE: APPROVING AUTHORITY:
Planning permits & Local body approvals Under the provisions of Local Building Byelaws, Master plan and
Local Body Acts.
Local Planning Authority (Eg.: CMDA,
DTCP)
NOC from road owning agency/road access
plan approval
When cutting of footpath or road or service lane or Right of way
(ROW) road access is involved.
CMDA/NHAI/PWD
NOC from traffic police * When the proposal involves disruption of general traffic movement/
circulation pattern temporarily or permanently during and after the
construction of the project.
Chennai Traffic Police HQ
Fire fighting scheme approval/Fire Safety
certificate
For proposals at the planning stage as stipulated in the local building
bye-laws and NBC.
Chief Fire Officer – TN Dept. of Fire &
Rescue Services
Environmental Clearance For all building/construction projects having a built-up area of more
than 20, 000 sq.m., area development projects/ townships covering
an area of more than 50 hectares or a built-up area of more than 1,
50,000 sq.m.
Ministry of Environment & Forests
NOC and consent/approval from PCB,
CMWSSB
For scrutiny and approval of DG sets, STPs & WTPs, drainage &
sewerage plans, rainwater harvesting systems, groundwater
harvesting (borewell sets, etc.) as per detailed drawings &
calculations
TNPCB – Tamil Nadu Pollution Control
Board
Local water supply & sewerage board
(Eg.: CMWSSB – Chennai Metropolitan
Water Supply & Sewerage Board)
NOC and consent/approval from TNEB For approval and set up of electric schemes & substations as per
drawings
TNEB – Tamil Nadu Electricity Board
STAGE 2: PROJECT PLANNING
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* : if required/applicable

37. STATUTORY CLEARANCES
APPROVAL CLEARANCE TYPE: PURPOSE: APPROVING AUTHORITY:
Intimation of Disapproval (IoD) * The disapproval may be either due to unviable site
condition/land use zone/legal discrepancies and/or
violation of development regulation (DCR) in the
submitted building plans.
Local Planning Authority/Municipal Corporation (Eg.:
CMDA)
Local body approvals/Building permit Under the provisions of Local Building Byelaws, Master
plan and Local Body Acts.
Local Planning Authority (Eg.: CMDA, DTCP)
Commencement certificate Certificate to begin construction on property Local Planning Authority/Municipal Corporation (Eg.:
CMDA)
NOC/Permission for borewell setup Registration & consent for borewell setup to draw
ground water
CGWA – Central Ground Water Authority
Approval/NOC for power distribution TNEB
Approval/NOC for water supply CMWSSB
Hoarding approval Display of details regarding construction/project NHAI/PWD/Land owning agency
STAGE 3: CONSTRUCTION/BUILDING PERMIT
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38. STATUTORY CLEARANCES
APPROVAL CLEARANCE TYPE: PURPOSE: APPROVING AUTHORITY:
NOC/Operation license from lift inspector Approval for installation of lifts/escalators (on basis of
completion certificate & provisional occupancy
certificate)
CEA/TNEB
Registration of Residents’ Welfare
Association (RWA)
Association to be registered before occupancy
certificate is given.
District Registrar/Revenue department
Completion certificate Certification of completion of the project as per
drawings and local rules & regulations
CMDA
Occupancy Certificate Certification of the suitability of occupancy of the
project as per drawings and local rules & regulations
CMDA
Permanent water & sewerage connection (On basis of completion certificate & provisional
occupancy certificate)
CMWSSB
Permanent power supply (On basis of completion certificate & provisional
occupancy certificate)
TNEB
STAGE 4: POST-CONSTRUCTION/COMPLETION/OCCUPANCY
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39. STATUTORY CLEARANCES
APPROVAL CLEARANCE TYPE: PURPOSE: APPROVING AUTHORITY:
NOC for height clearance from IAF * Building clearance for any buildings/structures planned
within 20km of an ARP (Aerodrome Reference Point)
Command HQ (CATCO) – Delhi & nearest Air Force
Station (Eg.: Chennai - Tambaram)
NOC for from LMA * Any construction within 10m from outer walls of
defence establishment/installation
LMA – Local Military Authority/Barracks
NOC for from CRZ * Any construction close to the coast/high tide line of a
river, creek, etc.
CRZA – Coastal Regulation Authority
NOC from Monument Authority/ASI * When the site is within a 300m radius from the
declared boundary of any monument protected under
the Ancient Monument Act and is under ASI control.
ASI – Archaeological Survey of India
Approval from Forest Department * When there is a proposal for tree cutting/felling and
transplantation at the site.
Tamil Nadu Forest Department
NOC from Railway authority * When the project site is along the railway corridor &
within 30m from its boundary (minimum clearance of
3m from railway boundary to nearest edge of the
building).
Local railway authority (Eg.: Southern Railways HQ,
Chennai)
OPTIONAL CLEARANCES
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* : if required/applicable

40. FUTURISTIC CONTRIBUTIONS
ZERO-ENERGY/CARBON NEGATIVE
CONSTRUCTION AND PROCESSES
BIOCLIMATIC BUILDINGS
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41. BIOPHILIC/GREEN BUILDINGS INTELLIGENT BUILDING, SYSTEMS AUTOMATION
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FUTURISTIC CONTRIBUTIONS

42. SMART BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS NEW FAÇADE TECHNOLOGIES
(VENTILATED/DOUBLE SKIN FACADE, ACTIVE
FACADE, GREEN FACADES, ETC.)
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VENTILATED/DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE GREEN FAÇADE SYSTEMS
FUTURISTIC CONTRIBUTIONS

43. CASE STUDY 1 – AQUARIA GRANDE
• ARCHITECT: James Law
• CLIENT: Wadhwa Group
• SITE AREA: 13,680 sq.m.
• GROSS FLOOR AREA: 30,500 sq.m.
• HEIGHT: 164 m
• FLOORS: 42 Storeys
• LIFTS: 8
• PROGRAM: Residential Housing
• STATUS: Constructed - 2013
• RESIDENTIAL UNITS: 202
• LOCATION: Borivali West, Mumbai
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INTRODUCTION

44. MASTER PLAN • Building is oriented in an east-west direction to
catch prevailing sea breezes and to open up the
best views of the city.
• The site is designed in such a way that the
enclosure of the two towers traps maximum winds
from the west to the east.
• 2 Basements + 3 Level Podiums
• Super Structure :
 Wing A, B: Stilt + 32 upper floors with 180
flats
 Wing C as Club House
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45. AMENITIES • LANDSCAPE: Landscape Garden
• FITNESS: Swimming Pool, Gymnasium
• RECREATION: Club House
• OUTDOOR GAMES: Play Area, Badminton Court
• HEALTH FACILITIES: Jacuzzi Steam Sauna
• CONVENIENCE: 24Hr. Backup Electricity
• SAFETY & SECURITY: Gated Community, Security
• Deck in each apartment has a panoramic view of
National park & Gorai Beach.
• Ample Natural light with Cross Ventilation.
• Column-less and Beam-less Apartments.
• 12 ft Floor to Floor Height.
• Complete Glass Facade Structure.
• CCTV with Modern Security Systems.
• Video Door Phone with Intercom Facility.
• Provision of Servants Room and Toilet in each
apartment.
• Garbage Chute in each tower
• Emergency power backup for all common areas.
• Jacuzzi Pool in each apartment.
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46. • No. of staircases/wing: 2 (2m wide)
• No. of lifts/wing: 3 passengers lift & 1 service lift
• Refuge Floors: 5th, 11th, 17th, 23rd, and 29th
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SERVICES

47. 3BHK (132 sq.m.)
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UNIT PLANS:
3.5BHK (152 sq.m.)
4BHK (191 sq.m.)

48. PARKING
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49. CASE STUDY 2 – SKYVILLE @ DAWSON
• ARCHITECT: WOHA
• SITE AREA: 29, 392 sq.m.
• GROSS FLOOR AREA: 113, 959.60 sq.m.
• HEIGHT: 161 m
• FLOORS: 47 Storeys
• PROGRAM: Public Housing
• STATUS: Completed - 2015
• RESIDENTIAL UNITS: 960
• LOCATION: Singapore
• ADDRESS: 86, Dawson Road, S141086
• DEVELOPER: HDB
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50. MASTER PLAN
• The buildings are 100% north-south facing and more
than 70% of the dwelling units enjoy true cross
ventilation.
• Sky gardens are created on the 3rd, 14th, 25th, and
36th storeys of the tower blocks.
• All apartments are naturally ventilated and due to
the open, airy design, a substantial proportion of
units have not installed air-conditioning.
• Photovoltaics on the roof power the common
facilities. The design is fully precast and
prefabricated, reducing waste and errors on site.
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51. 30-03-2023 51

52. • The central innovation is the public, external and shared
spaces interwoven through the cluster of towers from the
ground to the roof.
• The building’s 960 units are divided up into smaller “Sky
Villages” or 3 blocks of 4 units each, which share a naturally
ventilated community terrace and garden.
• The Sky Villages, Rooftop Penthouse, Urban Plaza, and
social facilities, help foster community spirit.
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53. 30-03-2023 53
UNIT PLANS
• The design offers residents 3
plan variations for each type of
unit.
• Flexible Layouts are based on
column-free, beam-free
apartment spaces.
• Thereby eliminating waste and
making allowance for diverse
family sizes and lifestyles (e.g.
home office/loft-living) and
future flexibility.

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ELEVATIONS
SOUTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION

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SUN PATH CONTEXT OF PROJECT
BIO-SWALE USED IN PROJECT
SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES A sustainable environment is achieved by utilising good passive design,
a variety of foliage, and on-site renewable energy, creating the potential
to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.