2. Definition:
Ophthalmic products are sterile products, meant for
instillation in to the eye in the space between the eye
leads and eye balls
These products must be sterile and prepared under the
sterile condition and same methods as per parenteral
preparation
E.g. Eye drops
Eye Lotions
Eye ointments
Eye Suspension
Contact Lens solution
3. Foreign particles
Viscosity
Tonicity
pH of the preparation
Sterility
Surface activity
4. These are sterile solutions, essentially free from foreign
particles, suitably compounded and packaged for instillation
into the eye. Nearly all the major ophthalmic therapeutic
agents are water soluble salts
The selection of the appropriate salt depend on :
solubility & ocular toxicity
The effect of pH, tonicity, and buffer capacity
Examples of topical eye drops :Atropine sulphate eye
drops.
Disadvantages of eye solutions: 1-The very short time the
solution stays at the eye surface. 2- Its poor bioavailability.
5. It must be sterile.
The ointment base selected for an ophthalmic ointment
must be nonirritating to the eye and must permit the
diffusion of the active ingredient throughout the
secretions bathing the eye.
It should have longer ocular contact time
E.g. Tetracycline ointment.
Disadvantage: Their are greasy nature, blurring of
vision.
6. It contain solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle; they must
be homogeneous when shaken gently and remain sufficiently
dispersed to enable the correct dose to be removed from the
container.
If the drug is not sufficiently soluble, it can be formulated as a
suspension.
A suspension may also be desired to improve stability,
Bioavailability ,and efficacy.
The major topical ophthalmic suspensions are the steroid anti-
inflammatory agents.
Examples :Prednisolone acetate suspension.
An ophthalmic suspension should use the drug in a microfine
form; usually 95% or more of the particles have a Diameter of
10µm or less.
7. Types of contact lenses:
1- Hard contact lenses.
2- Soft contact lenses.
3- Rigid gas permeable (RGP).
Products for soft contact lenses:
Cleaners(To remove lipid and protein debris) –
formulation:
1- Viscolizing surface-active agent: to enable gentle friction with
fingertips
2- Antibacterial-fast acting: benzalkonium chloride
3- Rinsing and storage solutions of Soft contact lenses - Facilitate
lens hydration, Inactivation of microbial contamination and
prevent the lens from drying out.
8. Rinsing and storage solutions of Hard contact lenses
For cleaning, microbial inactivation and hydration
Formulation:
Surface-active agent
Antimicrobial:(0.01% benzalkonium chloride + 0.1%
sodium edetate )
Wetting solutions-To achieve rapid wetting by the
lachrymal fluid and promote comfort Facilitate
insertion of the lens, provide lubrication
Buffering solutions : Hypromellose eye drops B.P.C.