Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.

1. INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
C.E 8.3.1
Unit I
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 1

2. INTRODUCTION
i. More polluted (domestic or even
commercial wastewaters.)
ii. Characteristics - vary from industry to
industry, and also vary from process to
process even in the same industry.
iii. Task of treating - very difficult and costly
exercise.
iv. It therefore, becomes, necessary, for the
industry to treat their wastewaters in their
individual treatment plants, before
discharging their effluents either on land or
lakes or rivers, or in municipal sewers, as
the case may be.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 2

3. OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL
WASTE TREATMENT
The primary objective of industrial waste water:
1. to allow industrial effluents to be disposed without any danger to human health or
unacceptable damage to natural environment.
2. At the same time, the operation must protect the safety, health and well-being of the plant's
employees and neighbors.
3. Prevention of disease
4. Prevention of nuisances
5. Avoidance of water supply contamination
6. Elimination of all pollutant discharges to navigable waters
7. Maintaining clean waters for the propagation and survival of fish and other aquatic life
8. Protection of waters for personal bathing and recreational use
9. Preservation of pristine waters for ecosystem protection
10. Conservation of water.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 3

4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER
Industrial Municipal
 Produce the best possible product of its type at the
lowest possible cost.
 Cost saving can be achieved by reductions in the
processes involved in treatment of waste water since
the product is least affected here.
 Is also concerned by cost reductions but it is more
likely influenced by rules and regulations requiring
conformance to general, accepted practice.
 It is concerned with providing service in an orderly
manner.
 Operating schedule is of extreme variability.
 One day an industrial plant might be closed or it
might be operating 2-3 times in a day in order to fill
an urgent order.
 On one day it might be dumped in the noon due to
error in operation or end of production cycle and on
another day waste water might not be discharged.
 There is no waste from an industrial plant on
weekends or holidays.
 Predictable pattern throughout each day
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 4

5. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL AND
MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER
Industrial Municipal
 Views waste water treatment as an imposed necessity
which it employs when it is compelled to, especially
when waste water effects are visible.
 Views waste water treatment as a service to the
community to be employed whenever people are
willing or can be convinced by higher authorities to
pay extra taxation to implement it.
 Deoxygenation rates vary from –ve to 5times that of
normal domestic sewage.
 Deoxygenation rates are quiet constant from a range
of 0.07 to 0.20.
 Located in special zoned areas outside municipal
limits and upstream from sewage effluent discharge.
 Located in low lying areas downstream near its
boundaries.
 Managed by persons who have been centrally trained
and brought in from distant location.
 managed by home town people
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 5

6. CONTENTS
HEAD AND SHOULDERS PEPSODENT TOOTHPASTE
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 6

7. CONTENTS
LUX SOAP BRITANIA GOOD DAY BISCUIT
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 7

8. POLLUTANTS IN INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRY POLLUTANT
Battery manufacturing cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, cyanide, iron, lead, manganese, mercury,
nickel, oil & grease, silver and zinc.
Electric power plants lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium, as well as arsenic, selenium and
nitrogen compounds (nitrates and nitrites). Wastewater streams include flue-gas
desulfurization, fly ash, bottom ash and flue gas mercury control.
Food industry Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS)
Iron and steel industry benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, cyanide, ammonia, phenols, cresols together
with a range of more complex organic compounds known collectively as
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Mines and quarries Oils and hydraulic oils are also common contaminants.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 8

9. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Inorganic salts:
i. Cause water to be "hard" and make a
stream undesirable for industrial, municipal
and agricultural usage.
ii. Salt laden waters deposit scale on
municipal water- distribution pipelines,
increasing resistance to flow and lowering
the overall capacity of the lines.
iii. Inorganic salts especially nitrogen and
phosphorous induce the growth of
microscopic plant life (algae) in surface
waters
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 9

10. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Acids and /or Alkalis:
Make a stream undesirable not only
recreational uses such as swimming and
boating, but also for propagation of fish and
other aquatic life.
High concentrations of sulfuric acid - Cause
eye irritation to swimmers.
Low pH -cause corrosion in air conditioning
equipment
Corrosion of Ship Hulls
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 10

11. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Organic matter:
i. Exhausts the oxygen resources of rivers and creates unpleasant tastes, odours and general
septic conditions.
ii. It is generally conceded that the critical range for fish survival is 3to 4 mg/l of D.O certain
organic chemicals such as phenols, affect the taste of domestic water supplies.
Suspended solids:
i. Suspended solids settle to the bottom or wash up on the banks and decompose, causing
odours and depleting oxygen in the river water.
ii. Fish often die because of a sudden lowering of the oxygen content of a stream.
iii. Visible sludge creates unsightly conditions and destroys the use of a river for recreational
purposes.
iv. These solids also increase the turbidity of the watercourse.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 11

12. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Floating Solids and liquids: Oils, greases, and other materials
which float on the surface
i. Make the river unsightly but also obstruct passage of light
through the water, retarding the growth of vital plant food.
ii. Interferes with natural reaeration
iii. Toxic to certain species of fish and aquatic life
iv. Causes trouble in conventional water treatment processes by
imparting tastes and odours to water and coating sand filters
with a tenacious film.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 12

13. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Heated Water:
i. Increase in water temperature, brought about by
discharging wastes such as condenser waters in to
streams
ii. Streams waters which vary in temperature from one
hour to the next are difficult to process efficiently in
Municipal and industrial water treatment plants
iii. There may be less D.O in warm water than in cold
iv. Also bacterial action increases in higher temperatures,
resulting in accelerated repletion of the streams oxygen
resources.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 13

14. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Colour :
i. Textile and paper mills, tanneries,
slaughterhouses and other industries, is an
indicator of pollution.
ii. Interferes with the transmission of sunlight
into the stream and therefore lessens
photosynthetic action.
iii. Municipal and industrial water plants have
great difficulty, and scant success in
removing colour from raw water. https://www.ecowatch.com/fast-fashion-riverblue-2318389169.html
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 14

15. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
https://www.ecowatch.com/fast-fashion-riverblue-2318389169.html
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 15

16. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Toxic chemicals:
i. Low concentrations e poisonous to fresh water fish and
other smaller aquatic microorganisms.
ii. Many of these compounds are not removed by municipal
treatment plants and have a cumulative effect on
biological systems.
Radio Active Materials:
i. Cumulative damaging effects on living cells.
https://egyptindependent.com/nile-delta-distributary-littered-dead-fish/
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 16

17. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
STREAMS
Microorganisms :
 Tanneries
 Slaughterhouses, sometimes discharge wastes
containing bacteria.
 Bacteria are of two significant types
 bacteria which assist in the degradation of the organic matter as
the waste moves down stream.
 Bacteria which are pathogenic, not only to other bacteria but also
to humans.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 17

18. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
BOD:
i. It is usually exerted by Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Matter
and imposes a load on the Biological units of the Treatment
Plant.
ii. Oxygen must be provided so that Bacteria can grow and
oxidize the organic matter.
iii. An added B.O.D load, caused by an increase in Organic Waste,
requires more Bacterial Activity, more oxygen, and greater
Biological Unit capacity for its Treatment, which (makes)
increases the capital cost and operating cost.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 18

19. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Suspended Solids:
i. Solids removed by settling and separated from the flowing
Sewage are called Sludge
ii. Suspended Solids in Industrial Waste may settle more rapidly or
slowly than Sewage Suspended Matter.
iii. If Industrial Solids settle faster than those of Municipal Sewage,
iv. Sludge should be removed at shorter intervals to prevent
excessive build up
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 19

20. IMPACT OF WASTE ON
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Floating and Colored Materials:
i. Floating Materials and Colored Matter such as Oil, Grease and Dyes From Textile-Finishing
Mills
ii. A Modern Treatment Plant will remove normal Grease loads in Primary Settling Tanks, but
abnormally high loads of predominantly emulsified Greases from Laundries, Slaughterhouses
etc. passing through the Primary Units into the Biological Units will clog Flow Distributing
Devices and Air Nozzles.
iii. Volume: A Sewage Plant can handle any Volume of Flow if its units are sufficiently large. The
Hydraulic Capacity of all Units must be analyzed.
iv. Sewer Lines must be examined for Carrying Capacity, and all other Treatment Units are to be
Designed for excessive loading
Harmful Constituents: Toxic Metals, Acids, or Alkalis, Pieces of Fat, Flammable Substances,
Detergents and Phenols etc. cause nuisance in Treatment Plants.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 20

21. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Minamata Disease
Living in the city of Minamata, Japan.
Neurological syndrome that results from industrial pollution and environmental
contamination of methyl-mercury.
Absorption of methyl mercury into the body through various environmental sources,
primarily through seafood.
While people living outside of the Minamata area had an average level of 4ppm,
people living in Minamata had levels even as high as 700ppm
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 21

22. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Minamata Disease (Causes)
Common source - Contaminated seafood
Company (Chisso) released its waste into the Minamata Bay.
It was absorbed and ingested by plankton, which is the primary food source for shellfish
and fish in the water.
Larger fish that ate such contaminated fish also absorbed the mercury and the poisoning
continued to spread further in the food chain.
Birds that fed on fish were also contaminated and so were other predators that preyed on
these birds.
In Minamata Bay, the pollutants were not dispersed over a wide area, but remained
concentrated within the bay and this made the risk even greater as residents got their protein
intake from seafood.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 22

23. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Symptoms and Signs of Minamata Disease
Severe uncontrollable tremors
Loss of motor control
Sensory loss affecting both auditory and visual senses
Partial paralysis
Loss of muscle control during voluntary movements, known as ataxia
Numbness in the extremities like the hands and feet
Speech impairment may also be observed
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 23

24. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Infant Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome)
It is a condition where a baby’s skin turns blue. This happens when there is not
enough oxygen in the blood.
Infants under 12 months of age that eat foods high in nitrate or drink water with
nitrate in it are more likely to have methemoglobinemia.
Symptoms can include bluish skin (cyanosis), rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath,
nausea, diarrhea, lethargy, loss of consciousness, and seizures.
A high percentage of methemoglobin in the blood can lead to death
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 24

25. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
1. Lack of Policies to Control Pollution
Lack of effective policies and poor enforcement drive allowed many industries to
bypass laws made by the pollution control board, which resulted in mass-scale
pollution that affected the lives of many people.
2. Unplanned Industrial Growth
In most industrial townships, unplanned growth took place wherein those companies
flouted rules and norms and polluted the environment with both air and water
pollution.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 25

26. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
3. Use of Outdated Technologies
Most industries still rely on old technologies to produce products that generate a large
amount of waste. To avoid high cost and expenditure, many companies still make use
of traditional technologies to produce high-end products.
4. Presence of a Large Number of Small Scale Industries
Many small scale industries and factories that don’t have enough capital and rely on
government grants to run their day-to-day businesses often escape environment
regulations and release a large number of toxic gases in the atmosphere.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 26

27. CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
5. Inefficient Waste Disposal
Water pollution is often caused directly due to inefficiency in the disposal of waste.
Long term exposure to polluted air and water causes chronic health problems, making
the issue of industrial pollution into a severe one. It also lowers the air quality in
surrounding areas, which causes many respiratory disorders.
6. Leaching of Resources From Our Natural World
Industries do require a large amount of raw material to make them into finished
products. This requires the extraction of minerals from beneath the earth. The
extracted minerals can cause soil pollution when spilled on the earth. Leaks from
vessels can cause oil spills that may prove harmful to marine life.
ASST. PROF. PRACHI DESAI, DON BOSCO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 27