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Unit 1 - Introducion to Cost Accounting.ppt
1. Cost Accounting
Dr. P. Pirakatheeswari
Associate Professor
Department of Commerce - PA
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts &
Science, Coimbatore.
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
2. COST – MEANING
Cost means the amount of
expenditure (actual or notional)
incurred on, or attributable to, a given
thing. Cost is a resource sacrificed or
forgone to achieve a specific
objective.
An Actual Cost is the cost
incurred (a historical cost) as
distinguished from budgeted costs.
Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
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3. Cost accounting is concerned with recording,
classifying and summarizing costs for
determination of costs of products or
services, planning, controlling and reducing
such costs and furnishing of information to
management for decision making.
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
4. “Cost accountancy” as the application of
costing and cost accounting principles, method
and techniques to the science, art and practice
of cost control and the ascertainment of
profitability.
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5. Ascertainment of costs
Estimation of costs
Cost control
Cost reduction
Determining selling price
Facilitating preparation of financial
and other statement
Providing basis for operating policy
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
6. COST: Cost means the amount of expenditure incurred on a
particular thing.
COSTING: Costing means the process of ascertainment of
costs.
COST ACCOUNTING: The application of cost control methods
and the ascertainment of the profitability of activities carried
out or planned”.
COST CONTROL: Cost control means the control of costs by
management. Following are the aspects or stages of cost
control.
JOB COSTING: It helps in finding out the cost of production of
every order and thus helps in ascertaining profit or loss made
out on its execution. The management can judge the
profitability of each job and decide its future courses of action.
BATCH COSTING: Batch costing production is done in batches
and each batch consists of a number of units, the
determination of optimum quantity to constitute an economical
batch is all the more important.
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
7. 7
Element of
cost
Materials Labour Expenses
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
8. Classification On basis of :
Nature
Function
Variability
Controllability
Normality
Financial accounting classification
Time
Planning and control
Managerial decision making
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
12. Controllable costs
Uncontrollable costs
ON THE BASIS OF NORMALITY
Normal costs
Abnormal costs
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1 SRCAS
13. Capital costs
Revenue costs
Deferred revenue costs
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14. Historical costs
Pre determined costs
ON THE BASIS OF PLANNING AND
CONTROL
Budgeted costs
Standard costs
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Applied Cost Accounting - Unit 1
SRCAS 19
Calculation of Various Cost
Direct Materials
Opening stock of materials
Add Purchases of materials
Less Closing stock of materials
(a) Materials consumed
Direct Wages
Direct Expenses ------ ------
PRIME COST
Add Factory Overheads
Factory rent, rates, taxes Fuel-power and water Lighting and Heating Indirect wages Depreciation, Repairs
Salaries of Works Manager etc. Indirect Materials
Drawing office and works office expenses Depreciation on factory land and building Less Scrap value
Defective work
Add Work in progress (opening)
Less Work in progress (closing) ------
WORKS COST
Add Office/Administration overheads
Office rent, insurance, lighting, cleaning
Office salaries, telephone, law and audit expenses
General Manager’s salary
Printing and stationery
Maintenance, repairs, upkeep of office bldg
Bank charges and miscellaneous expenses ------
COST OF PRODUCTION
Add Opening stock of finished goods
Less Closing stock of finished goods ------
COST OF GOODS SOLD
Add Selling and Distribution Overheads
Showroom expenses, salesmen’s salaries
& commission, bad debts, discounts, warehouse rent, carriage outwards, advertising, delivery expenses, samples and free gifts etc.
COST OF SALES
Add Net Profit or deduct net loss: ------ SALES ------