1. Controls for Remote Microgrids with
High Penetration Renewable Generation
01/2012
2. 2
Outline
1. Remote Microgrid Overview
Load Patterns & Intermittent renewable generation
Renewable Penetration – definitions, illustrations and operating strategies
2. Problem events from High Penetration renewable generation
Problem 1: high speed variation causes power quality issues
Problem 2: combined ramp rates and increased diesel cycling
Problem 3: Forecasting is imperfect
3. Hatch approach to microgrid control design.
01/2012
4. 900
800
700
600
~ 500
....•~ 400
300
200
100
Sun
900
800
700 r
600 r
~ 500
....•~ 400
300
200 r
100
0
-I/Vind
Moo Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
Solar
900
800
700
600
;E° soo
=-.•if 400
100
0
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
~HATCH™
4
Intermittency – Renewable Generation & Load
01/2012
8. 8
High Wind Penetration (100% avg.)
01/2012
Excess Wind
Generation
Diesel Generated
Diesel Off
9. 9
Outline
1. Remote Microgrid Overview
Intermittency Load & Intermittent renewable generation
Renewable Penetration – definitions and illustrations
2. Problem events from High Penetration renewable
Problem 1: high speed variation causes power quality issues
Problem 2: combined ramp rates and increased diesel cycling
Problem 3: forecasting is imperfect
3. Hatch approach to microgrid control design.
01/2012
10. 10Problem 1 - Frequency ~ High Resolution
TimescalePower[kW]
900
500
450
800
400
700 350
300
600
250
Summer load
500
200 Wind
400 150
Summer
100 Wind
300
50
200 0
100
0
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
01/2012
11. 11
Fast Acting Energy Storage
• Power conditioning
– Voltage and frequency
regulation
The flywheel can supply and
absorb both real power to
control frequency and reactive
power to control voltage
01/2012
12. 12
Problem 2a: Combined ramp rates & Diesel CyclingPower[kW]
900 700
800
600
700
500
600
400
500
Summer Load
300 Wind
400
Summer
Wind
300 200
200
100
100
0
0
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
01/2012
13. 13
Problem 2b: combined ramp rates & diesel cyclingPower[kW]
900
600
800
700 500
600
400
500
400
300
Summer
Load
Summer
Wind
Wind
300 200
200
100
100
0
0
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Days
01/2012
17. 17
3
Outline
1. Remote Microgrid Overview
Intermittency Load & Intermittent renewable generation
Renewable Penetration – definitions and illustrations
2. Problem events from High Penetration renewable
Problem 1: high speed variation causes power quality issues
Problem 2: combined ramp rates and increased diesel cycling
Problem 3: Forecasting is imperfect
Hatch approach to microgrid control design.
01/2012
18. -
-
-
-
-
18
Hatch Microgrid implementation Process
BusinessPlanning
FEL4
Execution
Phase
FEL2
Pre Feasibility
Phase
Select
Most Viable Option
FEL1
Conceptual
Phase
Define
Project Options
FEL3
Feasibility
Phase
Develop
Project Definition
Gate3
Gate2
Gate1
Start-up
&
Operations
•Field
measurements and
Data Collection
•Resource
Assessment
•Identify
discretionary Loads
•Estimate Fuel
Saving
•Dynamic Modeling
• Equip. Sizing and
Evaluation
Diesel
Wind
Solar
Energy Storage
• Control
Philosophy &
performance
simulation
•Environment
Assessment and
permitting
• Interconnection
Assessment (new
equip.)
• Controls
(Operation
manuals)
•Equip. Specs. and
Quote Cycle
• Detail
Engineering
• Procurement
• Project and
Construction
Management
• Commissioning
•(Controller live)
• Performance
Verification
(Site
measurements
& Reports)
01/2012
19. 19
Closing:
1. Controls is a complex issue –
2. Proper inputs for planning and design
• Site specific data - seasonality variation in load and resource
• Potential discretionary load usage patterns.
3. Proper sizing/selection of equipment for each site.
4. Performance modeling to de-risk CAPEX investment in new
assets.
5. Come see us at our booth.
01/2012
20. 20
Thank You
Pieter de Koning, P.Eng. MBA
Manager, Technology Development, Energy
pdekoning@hatch.ca
905-491-7045
01/2012
22. 22
Renewable Penetration
Penetration Penetration Level Operating characteristics and system requirements
Inst. Avg.
low 0% to
50%
less than
20%
Control : conventional
Diesel: run full time at recommended loading levels
System: Renewable Generation is “negative load”
Medium 0% to
100+%
20% to
50%
Control: automation of set-point control
Diesel: run below ideal operating range – reduced efficiency
System: Add dump loads, RE curtailment, or energy storage
High 0% to
150+%
Greater
than 50%
Control: Sophisticated control system
Diesel: turned OFF for periods of time
System: Add significant renewable generation, demand side
control, curtailment, energy storage, power quality
management (frequency & voltage)
Ranges defined by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
01/2012
23. 23
Minimum load levels for Diesel
kWh/l
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
% output power
Fuel consumption of an 855kW diesel generation unit
01/2012
24. 24
High-Power Flywheels – Williams F1
• 2008 –KERS (Kinetic energy recovery
system for F1) prompted Williams F1 to
develop energy storage
• Hatch has partnered with Williams
• High duty cycle (>75%) without loss in
performance
• Long life (20 yrs)
• Low standing loss (<1%)
• High round trip efficiency (>86%)
• Industrial Applications include smoothing
energy from cranes, hoists, and shovels
01/2012
