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Participatory Maize Breeding in Portugal, 25th September 2015, Lescar-Pau, France
- 1. Participatory Maize Breeding in Portugal Pedro Mendes Moreira, PhD International meeting 2015 at the Emmaus Village of Lescar-Pau 25th September
- 3. Plant domestication • From wild to agriculture value • “Domestication síndrome”
- 4. The fasciation trait was found in 56% of the maize traditional landraces collected in the Portuguese central region (Vaz Patto et al. 2007). Fasciation describes the enlargement of the plant apex by unregulated proliferative growth (Rédei 2008; Busch, Benfey 2010) Quantitative trait that is responsible for increasing the number of rows, ear diameters and number of kernels, which can be related with yield
- 5. 1.Context 2.Work developed 3.Future perspectives 4.Aims of our work Participatory Maize Breeding in Portugal
- 6. 1. Context
- 7. 1. Contexto More than 500 hundred years of history
- 8. LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LRLRLR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LRLR LR LR LRLR LR LR LR LR LR LRLRLR LRLRLR LR LRLRLR LRLRLR LRLRLR LRLRLR • The impact of maize expansion in the Portuguese Northwest and Algarve lead to different types of maize adapted to a diversified number of microclimates, according to the sequence of valleys and mountains. Expansion and Adaptation (Sec. XVII-XVIII)
- 9. Agricultores The germplasm curators need to pass the testimony! 68% of Portuguese farmers have more than 55 years…
- 10. LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LRLRLR LR LR LR LR LR LR LR LRLR LR LR LRLR LR LR LR LR LR LRLRLR LRLRLR LR LRLRLR LRLRLR LRLRLR LRLRLR H H LR H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H HH HHH H H H H H H H H H H H H HH HH H H H H H H H H H PPB Hybrids program Genetic Resources PPB Silas Pêgo Started in 1940s 1975-76 maize first collection missions Participatory Plant Breeding- Project since 1984 PPB
- 12. Sousa Valley
- 14. VASO Project “How to solve the problem of the small Portuguese farmers where the land is scarce and the high demographic density exists” i.e. where the American model do not fit and where the multinationals do not have market to operate?
- 15. Need to study, conceptualize and implement VASO started in 1984
- 16. The ABC of phenotypic recurrent selection Two parental control mass selection: in the field - before pollen shedding - before harvesting - at the storing facilities
- 17. The ABC of phenotypic recurrent selection
- 18. O ABC da selecção fenotípica recorrente
- 19. Após a seleção no campo Esquerda espigas prolíficas
- 20. Selection ‘Pigarro’ • Selection at the storing facilities
- 21. After the field selection Selection at store “Selecção da Eira” will begin On the left side ears from prolific plants ‘Pigarro’
- 22. Farmer selection (A-B-C mass selection) VASO Project Each cycle of selection was cold stored 7 cycles 3 cycles 3 1 2 Breeder selection S2 Recurrent Selection ‘Pigarro’S2RS1984-1998 0 # cycles 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0 # years BSC3 98 BSC2-94 BSC1-89 C0-84 ‘Pigarro’MassSelection1984-2009… 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 3 1 0 12 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0 # cycles# years C0-84 FSC9-93 FSC20-04 ** FSC12-93 FSC4-88 FSC15-99 FSC6-90 C0-84 FSC20-04 FSC15-99 FSC12-93 FSC9-93 FSC6-90 FSC4-88 BSC1-89, BSC2-94, BSC3 98
- 23. 1. Context Best Ear of Sousa Valley
- 24. • Deliver and registration • Paredes cooperative (Farmers association) Maize Ears • Registration • Number attributed to each ear Ear deliver • Ear and reception number • Data registration and photos, taking 4 ears for moisture and conservation in BPGV • Ear Value Formula • EV= (0.6 KW + 0.2 L + 0.15 R + 0.05 KN)/4 • Other data available only at the end of the competition • Breeder information NUMI, Pt (ears evaluation) Best Ear of Sousa Valley
- 25. Kernel type -flint -dent Colour - White - Yellow Best Ear of Sousa Valley
- 27. Ear Value Ear Value Adjusted
- 29. 2. Work developed On going Projects
- 30. Since 2005 Nactional funding and since 2010 from European Union PTDC/AGR- ALI/099285/2008 «Exploiting antioxidants, flavours and aromas diversity on ‘broa’ bread maize breeding» POCTI/AGR/57994/2004 (01-02-2005) “Portuguese maize bread quality: from technological aspects to controlling genes”. FCT (PTDC/AGR- AAM/70845/2006) (01-06- 2007) « Analysis of the breeding potential of fasciation traits in Portuguese maize landraces »
- 32. • Multilocation trials (CBD) selection of the best top 10 for diallel based on: - Agronomy - Farmers perception - Preliminary quality data (protein, viscosity, colour) • Selection of populations by farmers (e.g. Amiúdo, Pigarro) • Meeting with farmers, ESAC and ITQB teams, presentation of the data. Field work perception IPC - ESAC, Pt Trials location Farmers selectionEvaluation trials
- 33. Trials
- 39. Using • Agronomical data • VASO experience • Farmers colaboration • Meetings
- 40. 2. Work developed VASO Project evaluation
- 41. Farmer selection (A-B-C mass selection) VASO Project Each cycle of selection was cold stored 7 cycles 3 cycles 3 1 2 Breeder selection S2 Recurrent Selection ‘Pigarro’S2RS1984-1998 0 # cycles 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0 # years BSC3 98 BSC2-94 BSC1-89 C0-84 ‘Pigarro’MassSelection1984-2009… 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 3 1 0 12 6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 0 # cycles# years C0-84 FSC9-93 FSC20-04 ** FSC12-93 FSC4-88 FSC15-99 FSC6-90 C0-84 FSC20-04 FSC15-99 FSC12-93 FSC9-93 FSC6-90 FSC4-88 BSC1-89, BSC2-94, BSC3 98
- 42. Trials Three locations in Portugal RCBD, 3 reps Coimbra 2005-08 Lousada 2005-07 Montemor-o-Velho 2005 and 2007-08 Iowa, USA Locations Calumet, Kanawha, Ames and Nashua 2005
- 43. ed1l ed1 ed3 ed2 ed4 cd1 cd3 cd2 cd4 kd m1 m2 rq1 rq2ew cw sw kw e_cw ew kn kr r1 r2 fa cv DI E_m o Traits -Field -Ears ♀ ♂ Floweri ng OI Moist cwew Yld H1E H U N T E R S Traits used for population characterization Field traits 12 Ear traits 27 Statistical Analyses ANOVA Sheffé test Response to selection BS vs FS for Iowa and Pt Iowa 5 traits l ed3 ed2 ed4 cd1 cd3 cd2 cd4 kd m1 m2 rq1 rq2ew cw sw kw e_cw ew kn kr r1 r2 fa cv DI E_m o Traits -Field -Ears ♀ ♂ Floweri ng OI Moist cwew Yld H1E H U N T E R S
- 44. Traits Fasciation Yield Sig. level. *-0,05; **-0.01; ***0.001 %Gain/Y%Gain/Y -1.36 3.31** 0.21-0.39 Farmer selection Breeder selection
- 46. Participative elements, “plate to soil” PPBM Consociation Food quality and genetics Multidisciplinarity Transdisciplinarity
- 48. “Soil to Fork…”
- 49. Participatory elements, “Fork to Soil”
- 50. Participatory elements, “Fork to Soil” • Search taste in diversity • Consumer pannels • food processing practices • compositional properties on the end-use qualities • Search what diversity can bring to taste and to health
- 51. Participatory elements, “Fork to Soil” • Genetic diversity • Breeding methods • PPBM • Empirical knowledge
- 52. Participatory elements, “Fork to Soil” • What seeds to grow? • Quality • Farmer knowledge • Environment
- 53. Quality needs good raw material • Seed sector • Genetic resources • VASO Project • Research on going • SOLIBAM • DIVERSIFOOD
- 54. SOLIBAM
- 56. Thank you very much! FCT, SOLIBAM FP7 To farmers, and other institutions (APCC, EPAAD…) that have been working with us since long time To ESAC coleagues colaborators: Daniela Santos, Isabel Dinis, Cristina Galhano, Cláudia Brites, Manuel Paulo, Daniel Gaspar, Graciano Spencer, Soraia Ferrão, Rita Vicente, Joana Laires, Ricardo Carvalho, Maria Otília Mendes e João Vaz Patto Coleagues and colaborators ITQB: Carlota Vaz Patto, Rosário Bronze, Pedro Fevereiro, Mara Alves, Elsa Mecha, Maria Belo, Ana Catarina Afonso, Marco Dinis, Andreia Silva, Joana Antunes e Susana Leitão. To ESAC students