Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed releases programs of whiteflies and frog skin diseases resistance materials in Cauca, Colombia

Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed releases programs of whiteflies and frog skin diseases resistance materials in Cauca, Colombia
Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed releases programs of whiteflies and Frog Skin Diseases resistance materials in Cauca, Colombia Diseases resistance materials in Cauca Colombia
Recovery of the cassava cultivation in the north part of Cauca's department. p f p In memoria of: Mr. Alfaro Mina Roosevelt H. Escobar Pérez1,2 1Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira. 2Agrobiodiversity and Biotechnology Project r.escobar@cgiar.org Ginés‐Mera Fellowship W k h Gi é M F ll hi Workshop CIAT, May 13th ‐2010
Cassava vs. Pineapple pp Whiteflies FSD CBB Few l F clones Low prices Soil erosion Phythophtora y p Low income High garbage Detachment from the land and loss of ancient crops
The pineapple and soil erosion The pineapple and soil erosion
Ginés‐Mera f ll Gi é M fellowship project (2003‐2004) hi j t (2003 2004) Main objective: Production of cassava’s planting material with resistance or tolerance to whiteflies and Frog Skin Diseases Support by: Gines‐Mera Fellowship Participants: AMUC, MADR, CIAT Materials tested: • CG489‐31 (Whiteflies resistant); • MPer 183 , HMC 1 and CM 7951‐5, SM 563‐14 (Frog skin tolerant clones), • MPer 183 HMC 1 and CM 7951 5 SM 563 14 (Frog skin tolerant clones) • CM2772‐3 (high carotene content and good cooking quality). Pilot site: Alegrías Santander de Quilichao Pilot site: Alegrías‐Santander de Quilichao
Seed system developed under Ginés‐Mera y p fellowship program (2003‐2004) Nataima 31, CM 2772 3 Nataima‐31, CM 2772‐3 5000 plants 500 plants each one HMC‐1, MPer183, CM7951‐5, SM653‐14. Nataima‐31 500 plants each one
Relationship among financial support agencies and research projects that allow us cover farmers seed demands j t th t ll f dd d CIAT‐FIDAR‐CBN CIAT MBra MB 383 CIAT‐IP3‐SB2 NATAIMA31 Ginés‐Mera‐CIAT MPer 183 CM 4574‐7 CM 6740‐7 CM7951‐5 MBra 383 SM653‐14 CM 523‐7 MPer 183 MPer 183 CM 4574‐7 MCol 1522 HMC‐1 HMC‐1 CM2772‐3
“Everyone puts, everyone wins” Everyone puts, everyone wins
Number of plants produced used for the establishment of a clean in vitro plot‐seed under field conditions. of a lean in itro plot seed nder field onditions Entity how receive plants Clone AMUC SB2‐IP3 project CG 489‐31 191 5560 MPer 183 228 360 HMC‐1 C 129 29 380 CM 2772‐3 206 340 CM 7951‐5 180 400 SG 653‐14 241 200 Sub‐Total 1175 7240
Hardening of cassava plantlets provided by the project Simple conditions for plant acclimatize , established Field conditions established by CIAT SB2‐IP3 project by farmers association
Behavior of in vitro cassava plantlet under farmer field f p f f December 2nd / 2002 June 26 / 2003 /
Response of in vitro cassava plants on farmers fields Clone Repetition Yield (kg) / 10 plants Average Stand. Desv. CM6740‐7 Rep1 42.4 41.57 0.723 Rep2 41.2 Rep3 41.1 MBRA383 Rep1 31.9 34.20 2.787 Rep2 37.3 37 3 Rep3 33.4 CM523‐7 Rep1 36.2 36.73 2.053 Rep2 35 Rep3 39 MPER183 Rep1 44.2 43.97 0.493 Rep2 43.4 Rep3 44.3 MCOL1522 Rep1 6.1 12.53 6.501 Rep2 12.4 Rep3 19.1 HMC‐1 Rep1 35 45.70 9.315 Rep2 50.1 Rep3 52 Farm of Mr. Arcadio Guaza.
¿How should be management the cassava seed? The game rules • CIAT produce plantlets for farmers. •Farmers association receive the planting material and planted on selected field • First cutting cycle it was distributed among farmers members 30% f i l f h bli h f d •Farmers must to return 30% of cutting on II cycle for the establishment of seed bank for new members. •Providing access to new farmers under same rules. Local seed bank to support a release program of clean planting Local seed bank to support a release program of clean planting material for farmers
In vitro production under rural laboratory Field phase FS FSD certhyfication Cycle I Agronomic behavoir Yield Propagation n acilityes Field phase Rapid ‐ Cycle II‐ Cuttings Propagation p g Irrigation fa Scaling up Field phase CycleII ‐A Seed delivery system
Training for farmers and sharing knowledge
Sharing experiences meeting: Colombian Farmers and technicians from Embrapa (Brasil)‐INCA (Cuba) and CIAT from Embrapa (Brasil) INCA (C ba) and CIAT
Taller Teórico‐Práctico: Nuevas Variedades de Yuca, Manejo y Control de la Mosca Blanca y el Cuero de Sapo. Agosto 25 de 2004. Vereda Alegrías, Santander de Quilichao. Cauca
Results •A certified cassava plantlet plot handled by farmer association (AMUC) to be A certified cassava plantlet plot handled by farmer association (AMUC) to be use on delivery (communal: 30% return rate) seed system. •An optional crop to be use for farmer group to replace pineapple crop and recovery of ancestral crop by them. •An additional seed plot to be handle by CIAT‐MADR project to allow sustain fresh planting material to release to other end‐users (handled by Gustavo Jaramillo. Actually by Clayuca management) Training: Management of planting material (seed quality), pest management (with emphasis on whiteflies and Frog Skin disease's handled)
Project results • 6 clones propagated by tissue culture • 3 clones tolerant to FDS (Per 183, HMC‐1, CM 7951‐5) ☺ • New clones on farmer hands (CM 2772‐3‐yellow one) ☺ •CM 4574‐7 has the most acceptance by farmers and market ☺ CM 4574 7 h h b f d k •Nataima 31 was accepted by farmers, it is so resistant to whiteflies but is so susceptible to FSD. •SM 653‐14 and MBra 383 show high susceptibility to FSD •A new method for seed production it was socialized with farmers allow us to implement a Participatory Research Scheme CM 2772‐3 Nataima 31
Estimated farmers income by the use of clean planting material Year of use of planting material Income 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Yield (Ton) Area (Ha) (Millions Colombian Pesos‐$) 4.000@ 50 5.5 12.200.00 4920@ 52.75 5.9 14.031.500 4430@ 55.375 6 15.614.430 9738@ 121.1 13.5 37.688.056 1270036@ 158.75 17 50.800.000 TOTAL 438.57 438 57 47.9 47 9 130.333.986 130 333 986 Source: AMUC data‐2009
People that received and its has been maintained planting material from the AMUC CIAT Gines material from the AMUC‐CIAT‐Gines Mera fellowship Nombres y apellidos Vereda Ana Joaquina Quinamayo Jairo Lucumi Alegrías Luis E. Zapata Z Alegrías Alex Mera Alegrías Edison Ocoro Alegrías Luis Mina Alegrías Misael Angulo Alegrías Wilmanit Tegue Alegras Arley Diaz y Alegrías g Paublino Ana Maria Alvarez Quinamayo Angelantonio Mera Alegrías Angel Custodio Diaz Alegrías Natanael Palacios Alegrías Carlos Guaza Alegrías Bolívar Mina Alegrías Cilia Zapata Alegrías Pedro Viafara Alegrías Daisa Lasso Alegrías Noraida Mina Alegrías Edita Mina Alegrías Ana Elsy Guaza Alegrías Eliberto Balanta Alegrías Ligia Nur Diaz Alegrías Reinelio Guaza Alegrías Manuel Iginio Mina Alegrías Eliazir Palacios Alegrías José Walter Lasso Dominguillo Fanor Banguero Fanor Mina Alegrías Source: Diego Zapata‐Alfaro Mina, AMUC.2009 Diego Zapata Alegrías
Go back to cassava Courtesy: Alfaro Mina ‐AMUC
¿What AMUC farmers is asking for ? ¿What AMUC farmers is asking for ? • A new seed plot of seed (refresh their material HMC‐1, MPer 183, CM 7951‐5 y CM 2772‐3 ) • Inclusion a new clone (Raya 7), the most accepted clone. •Help to them to maintain training on plagues and diseases management/control •Discuss about new uses or alternative for their products
El yuquero viejo aun continúa añorando el regreso de su cultivo, pues como dicen ellos “La yuquita es parte de la cultura del norte del Cauca”. Comentario del Sr. Alfaro Mina (Q.E.P.D.) “……sancocho de gallina sin yuca no coge. Nosotros nos comemos un poquito de yuca los domingos cuando la hija va el sábado y compra una librita Uno antes estaba enseñado a comerse una mata entera librita. entera. Con esos pedacitos uno no le coge ni el sabor”. Comentario del Sr. Arcadio Guazá
Acknowledgments • The Gines‐Mera Fellowship • Joe Tohme and Willy Roca • CIAT‐CBN • Steve Beebe • CIAT‐PRGA • Anthony Belloty • MADR Colombia MADR‐Colombia • Alfredo Alves, Chikelu Mba, Alfredo Alves Chikelu Mba • FIDAR‐Colombia Elizabeth Caicedo • Cauca′s Farmers Association: • Liliana Muñoz, Auradela Ríos, AMUC‐Asoprosa AMUC Asoprosa Adriana Núñez, Carlos Dorado, Adriana Núñez Carlos Dorado • Universidad Nacional de Álvaro Azcarate, Pablo Herrera Colombia, Sede Palmira • Gustavo Jaramillo • José Restrepo y Carlos Hernández José Restrepo y Carlos Hernández • Arcadio Guazá, Diego Zapata y Alfaro Mina (Q.E.P.D.)

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Use of tissue culture techniques in a seed releases programs of whiteflies and frog skin diseases resistance materials in Cauca, Colombia