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Accelerated chickpea breeding for water-limited environments

  1. Accelerated chickpea breeding for water-limited environments Srinivasan Samineni Chickpea breeding Patancheru-ICRISAT
  2. Chickpea in water-limited environments • Chickpea is a cool season food legume largely grown on residual soil moisture. • The crop often experiences moisture stress towards end of the crop season (terminal drought). • The crop may also face heat stress at the reproductive stage if sowing is delayed. • The increasing climate variability. • The genetic approaches being used: development early maturing varieties with enhanced tolerance to these stresses.
  3. • Early maturing varieties • Tolerance to terminal drought and heat stresses • Resistant varieties for collar rot, dry root rot and ascochyta blight diseases • Improving protein content and micronutrients • Herbicide tolerance • Suitability to machine harvesting • Improving market preferred seed traits (color, size and shape) 1. Major research focus 2. Modernization of chickpea breeding
  4. Breeding for early maturity Early flowering Early flowering F1 • Few genes controlling flowering time • efl-1 (ICCV 2) • efl-2 or ppd (ICC 5810) • efl-3 (BGD 132) • efl-4 (ICC 16641/ICC 16644)* *Newly identified Gaur PM, Samineni S, et al (2015). Euphytica 203: 295-308 Mallikarjuna BP, Samineni S, et al (2017). Frontiers in Plant Science • Major genomic regions controlling early flowering • efl-1 (Qefl1-2) on CaLG04 • efl-2 (Qefl2-1) on CaLG01 • efl-3 (Qefl3-3) on CaLG08 • efl-4 (Qefl4-1) on CaLG06 • Early-phenology is an important mechanism for terminal drought stress and adaptation to new niches
  5. Breeding for drought tolerance Selection based on grain yield under rainfed (moisture stress) condition
  6. • A genomic region (QTL-hotspot) for root traits and several drought tolerance related traits, contributing up to 58.2% phenotypic variation identified (Varshney et al 2014) • This genomic region was introgressed into several cultivars from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa using marker-assisted backcrossing Mapping QTLs for drought tolerance and MABC ICC 4958 × ICC1882 RILs ICC 283 × ICC 8261 RILs
  7. Performance of introgression lines in JG 11 S N Entry ICRISAT Nandyal Dharwad Gulbarga 1 ICCIL 01001 4 -9 8 21 2 ICCIL 01003 -9 9 8 39 3 ICCIL 01009 -1 -1 6 -1 4 ICCIL 01010 -6 1 1 21 5 ICCIL 01011 13 -1 16 3 6 ICCIL 01012 0 -2 5 -11 7 ICCIL 01013 18 23 12 21 8 ICCIL 01015 14 -3 8 -4 9 ICCIL 01019 -4 -3 12 -23 10 ICCIL 01021 22 4 10 17 11 ICCIL 01023 1 -1 4 38 12 ICCIL 01026 -14 -6 9 19 13 ICCIL 01030 6 13 -5 7 14 ICCIL 01031 -1 4 15 3 15 ICCIL 01032 4 2 9 11 16 ICCIL 01033 -1 5 10 6 17 ICCIL 01034 8 19 2 13 18 ICCIL 01035 10 7 17 -23 19 ICCIL 01037 -13 25 -4 -35 20 ICCIL 01038 -5 20 1 -1 21 ICCIL 01040 -3 8 18 18 22 ICCIL 01041 -12 -1 15 27 Irrigated S N Entry ICRISAT Nandyal Dharwad Gulbarga 1 ICCIL 01001 27 2 13 33 2 ICCIL 01003 18 10 2 37 3 ICCIL 01009 15 4 9 0 4 ICCIL 01010 18 -14 -11 -22 5 ICCIL 01011 2 1 9 6 6 ICCIL 01012 6 9 11 -2 7 ICCIL 01013 14 33 -22 20 8 ICCIL 01015 24 2 13 -2 9 ICCIL 01019 -8 0 -10 -1 10 ICCIL 01021 3 4 -12 17 11 ICCIL 01023 1 21 -4 20 12 ICCIL 01026 -6 -5 -4 -6 13 ICCIL 01030 23 7 1 -13 14 ICCIL 01031 0 8 12 -4 15 ICCIL 01032 27 3 11 26 16 ICCIL 01033 5 10 12 1 17 ICCIL 01034 -1 -10 -1 2 18 ICCIL 01035 -2 39 -8 17 19 ICCIL 01037 16 -4 -3 5 20 ICCIL 01038 -4 -4 -17 13 21 ICCIL 01040 6 30 6 13 22 ICCIL 01041 5 -13 13 1 Rainfed Note: Values represent % increase/decrease in seed yield over the recurrent parent (JG 11); Values in bold are significant compared to JG 11
  8. • Seven ILs were entered by partners in Initial Varietal Trial (IVT) of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Chickpea during 2015-16. Three were promoted to AVT. • Ten ILs are being tested in a special Advanced Varietal Trial 1 (AVT 1) of AICRP on Chickpea during 2016-17 and advanced to AVT 2. Performance of ILs at national level testing
  9. Improving heat tolerance • Reproductive phase is sensitive to heat stress, particularly the flowering stage. • Two RIL populations have been developed from two crosses (ICC 4567 x ICC 15614, ICC 4567 x ICC 1356) in chickpea. • Four major QTLs (PV 50%) for number of filled pods, number of seeds, grain yield and % pod setting, located in CaLG05 & CaLG06 genomic region identified CaLG05CaLG06 Paul P, Samineni S, et al (2017) communicated
  10. Development of drought & heat tolerant lines from MAGIC population 28 two-way crosses 14 four-way crosses 7 eight-way crosses 7 F17 F1 F2F2 F3 (1200)F3 (1200) F8 (1136)F8 (1136) Single seed descent method Phenotypic evaluation A = ICC 4958 B = ICCV 10 C = JAKI 9218 D = JG 11 E = JG 130 F = JG 16 G = ICCV 97105 H = ICCV 00108 • Developed 1200 MAGIC lines using 8 cultivars/promising germplasm • Large variation among MAGIC lines for • flowering time (34-69 d), • plant height (23.3-65 cm), • seed yield (179-4554 kg/ha), • harvest index (0.10-0.88) • seed size (10-45) • Four MAGIC lines are being tested in (IVT) of AICRP on Chickpea
  11. Varieties suitable for machine harvesting • In 2016, first machine harvestable variety NBeG 47 released in Andhra Pradesh, India • In 2017, Phule Vikram and RVG 204
  12. Now, able to take 3 generations per year (Oct-Feb, Feb-May, and May-Sep) Recent experiments showed that 5 generations per year are possible Modernization of chickpea breeding 1 2 Rapid generation advancement 40 d 8-10 hr20-24 hr 25-30 d 45-50 d22-25 d Earliest seed stage ready for germination after flower initiation
  13. Planting and harvesting by machines Digital data recording-Tablets, barcode labels Post-harvest observations: Digital seed counters, incubators, seed dryers, seed blowers etc. 1 All nurseries (55/55) and trials (101/101) conducted during 2016-17 in Breeding Management System (BMS) Modernization of chickpea breeding Mechanization 2 3 1 Data Management 4 Seed inventory: in progress Conti…
  14. Thank You Chickpea mutants
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