The Reconstruction era lasted from 1865-1877 and sought to rebuild the South after the Civil War, establish new state governments, and define the new social and economic roles of freed black slaves. It was a turbulent time that offered both opportunities and obstacles for African Americans. The three Reconstruction Amendments - the 13th banning slavery, 14th granting citizenship, and 15th guaranteeing voting rights - helped secure new freedoms but were resisted by white southerners, including violent groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Reconstruction ultimately failed to achieve full equality and was overtaken by rising racism in the South.

1. Reconstruction And Reconstruction Essay
After the Civil the War the United States was left in shambles, the question surrounding what to do with the roughly 4 million slaves continued to be a
daunting question. Prior to the Civil War the southern economy relied heavily on slaves to produce cotton. Once the war was over the South had to
reestablish its labor force. The United States as a whole had to address the question of what to do with the 11 states that had succeed. In addition, the
government as a whole was deeply divided regarding the topic of Reconstructions. Radicals viewed the South as betraying the Union as a whole and
demanding that they have harsh punishments for succeeding. Lincoln and his followers saw the war as extremely volatile to the whole nation and
demand for soft peace. The questions surrounding the days months and years following the Souths surrender at Appomattox Court House would
forever shape the United States of America. The Era of the Civil War and Reconstruction (1830–1877) was determinedly shaped by rulings delivered by
State Supreme Courts and the United States Supreme Court. Throughout the course of Reconstruction both courts ruled on a number of subjects. These
three court cases and rulings are a few of the examples of how they shaped the history of Reconstruction. Arguably these court cases are amongst the
most influential cases surrounding the era of Reconstruction and the history of the United States moving forward. The first case I wish to examine is
United States Supreme
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2. Reconstruction Era Essay
The Reconstruction Era
America's great Reconstruction Era took place in the 1865–1877 time frame lasting a little over 14 years containing some of the most important
moments in America's history. Creating freedom and natural rights to all. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment were created in this
item period supporting most reasoning towards the Reconstruction Era introducing a series of laws and constitutional amendments to try to secure civil
and political rights for black people
The Thirteenth Amendment was one of the most influential amendments to have ever been passed in our country and meant an ending to slavery. It
passed by the Senate on April 8th in 1864 and by the House on January 31st in...show more content...
President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1st in 1863 announcing that all people held as slaves shall be free. Lincoln
hoped to inspire all blacks and slaves in the Confederacy even though the proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had
seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. While the freedom was promised depended upon the Union military
victory. The Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in the nation but shaped the reasoning for war. Approximately 200,000 black soldiers and
sailors had fought for freedom and the Union. This confirmed the battle a war for freedom. For all that the Emancipation Proclamation did for freedom,
it is now taken place among the great documents of human freedom.
This amendment effected our nation in many ways. It negatively affected families and friends relationships by choosing their own sides of the wars
and what they felt were right. Some white farmers had to sell their farms due to losing slave workers and most whites were unhappy. By abolishing
slavery we were able to make many positive changes as well including the economy. Many job opportunities opened up for white people due to the
lack of slaves while blacks had a hard time finding jobs at first but were even able to eventually find jobs for themselves(ushistory.org,2008–2017). As
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3. The Reconstruction Era Essay
America rapidly goes through many movements and developments from 1890 to 1930s. With the end of the Reconstruction Era and a fail to attempt
one of the greatest reforms in American history: the attempt to incorporate ex–slaves into the republic with all the rights and privilege of citizens. The
goal of racial equality failed due to by disfranchisement which were laws made as a loophole so blacks could not vote and resistance groups like the
Ku Klux Klan (which ironically is Greek for circle of friends) and Red Jackets who intimidated blacks with terror campaigns. Thus causing the blacks
in the south who account for 50% of the voting population in the south, to be frightened to vote for pro–equality. These various acts greatly reduced the
number...show more content...
The freed people in the South found their choices largely confined to sharecropping (about 90% of ex–slaves) and low–paying wage labor, especially
as domestic servants. Out west as part of a Greater Reconstruction the federal government sought to integrate into the country as a social and
economic replica of the North. Land was redistributed on a massive scale, the vast majority of communal lands possessed by indigenous American
tribes were given to railroad corporations and white farmers. To prevent warfare between the tribes and settlers the government incorporated the
Indian Reservation System ideally to promote peace. However this never happened due to Indigenous tribes resisting and settlers not respecting
reservation boundaries. An example of the wars caused by this system is the American defeat at the Battle of Little Big Horn, in which General
Custer and his troop of 250 men were easily outnumbered by the 2,500 men in the Sioux army. This conflict will drive the Lakota civil and spiritual
leader Sitting Bull and his followers to Canada and their war leader Crazy horse will later be defeated and killed while held prisoner. Americans
continued to negotiate agreements with the indigenous Americans to divide reservations into individual farms for Indians and the remaining land for
white. The Dawes Act of 1887 became a major tool to individualize the tribes and integrate them into American society but failed due to their
population declining rapidly; the tribes lost much of their remaining
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4. History: The Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction Era happened on 1865–1877. At the point when Lincoln got killed and Andrew Johnson progressed toward becoming president.
The Civil Rights Bill was instituted and Andrew Johnson vetoes the bill and Congress abrogate his veto authorizing blacks break even with rights. The
Ku Klux Klan was built up in Tennessee. The fourteenth amendment was proposed by Congress furnishing blacks with citizenship and equivalent
rights. The Reconstruction Acts Congress isolates previous Confederacy into five military areas and requires races in which African American men can
vote. The fourteenth Amendment was verified and endorsed. South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, and Louisiana each
endorsed the fourteenth Amendment
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5. Essay On The Reconstruction Era
During the time of the reconstruction era it had many effects on many different people, the whites and blacks, although it had different effects on the
two races, for the blacks it coulda gone either way, good or bad, but in my opinion it did more bad than good. The Reconstruction era was the time
immediately after the civil war that would let the the southern states back into the Union during the reconstruction era, the President at the time,
Abraham Lincoln had appointed Military governors to bring back governments into the southern states. During all of this time the Ku Klux Klan
(KKK), which is a white supremacy group, wanted the opposite to happen, they wanted all blacks to suffer and them to have no rights.The Ku Klux
Klan got their start as a fraternal organization on December 24th, 1865, the KKK in the state of tennessee, with the military and freedom voting behind
the KKK the became known as a political organization. Now under the Reconstruction Act the blacks became freed and because of that they began
taking over the white people farms by slowly pushing them out because they began to claim land for themselves, which in my opinion probably made
the whites hate the blacks even more....show more content...
The Ku Klux Klan kind of disappeared but did not really end in the 1870's, today they are are still Ku Klux Klan marches and protests, I am not too
positive on if there is still killings. But recently there was a church shooting in charleston South Carolina, that people believed to be a hate crime on
blacks. The media believes this because they found a picture of him on his facebook holding a Confederate
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6. Reconstruction Era
Reconstruction 1 The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The
Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and
there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical
periods in American History. The Civil War changed the nation tremendously, and most importantly by bringing an end to slavery. Reconstruction was
a period of great promise, hope, and progress for African Americans, and a period of resentment and resistance for many white...show more content...
In 1867, Congress passed a new Reconstruction Act, that threw out the state governments of states that refused to ratify the 14th amendment. The 15th
amendment was ratified in 1870, providing a constitutional guarantee of voting rights for African American males. By 1870, the Northerner lost
interest in reconstructing the south. The north tried to reconstruct the south and change southerners attitudes about black people. Although they failed
at this because many southerners were still racists and believed that the white race was superior to others, blacks were not as good as southern white
men. To add to that, the Northerners lost interest in the reconstruction, which gave southerners a chance to gain control of their state governments
again. The main complaints against the Presidential Reconstruction were the Radical Republicans of Congress. New political forces in the South gave
way for new changes. During reconstruction, African Americans made huge political gains. They voted in large numbers and were also elected to
political office. African Americans were elected as sheriffs, mayors, legislators, Congressmen, and Senators. Even thought their participation was
significant, it was exaggerated by white southerners angry at the Black Republicans governments.
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7. Essay on Reconstruction
In 1865, the Civil war was finally brought to an end. The five years of war was the nation's most devastating and wrenching experience. Although the
Union was saved and slavery had ended, the South being defeated and occupied by union forces was ruined and in a state of disaster. Public structures,
private homes, and farm buildings had been burnt, rail road tracks uprooted, cotton gins wrecked, and the earth scorched in many sections of the
defeated land. The nation's next task was to rebuild the ruined South and the government's plan to do this is known as Reconstruction.
In the South Reconstruction meant rebuilding the economy, establishing new state and local governments and establishing a new social structure
between whites and...show more content...
Abraham Lincoln was assassinated just as the South surrendered in April 1865, and then Andrew Johnson inherited the problem of Reconstruction.
Johnson supported Lincoln's plan after taking office. Enough Confederates signed these oaths to enable the immediate creation of new governments.
Johnson required that the new states ratify the 13th Amendment freeing the slaves, abolish slavery in their own constitutions, discard debts incurred
while in rebellion, and declare secession null and void.
The Radical Republicans reconstruction plan included the passage of the 13th Amendment and established the Freedman's Bureau. The Freedman's
Bureau is an agency of the Federal government set up in 1865 to help former slaves and other persons suffering from the effects of the Civil War.
This reconstruction plan also included passage of a Civil Rights bill and the 14th Amendment (all of these were opposed by Johnson). Andrew
Johnson had opposed Radical Reconstruction and had many vetoes overridden. Congress tried to reduce his power through the Command of Army
and Tenure of Office Acts. The Command of Army act took away some of the president's power as Commander and Chief of the Army and the Tenure
of Office Acts said the president could not remove a federal official without the Senate's agreement. In 1868 Johnson was accused of violating the
Tenure of Office Act and was impeached by the House. At the Senate trial he was
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8. Essay On Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction era (1865–1872), introduced a new set of significant challenges to the South. Reconstruction was intended to allow the Southern
states back into the Union. By doing this, it meant Southerners had to abide by the law of the land. According to Merriam–Webster dictionary, the word
freedom is defined as the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint. This definition of freedom makes us perhaps
question the states' meaning. African–Americans' understanding of freedom was shaped by their experience as slaves and observation of the free
society around them. Ex emancipated saves exercised their freedom by living the life, and doing the things that they had not been able to do under
slavery....show more content...
The thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. The fourthteenth Amendment extended equal protection of the laws to all citizens, which made all
African–American freed slaves U.S. citizens. The fifthteenth Amendment guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied on account of race,
color, or previous condition of subjugation. It gave all men including African–American men the right to vote. Black men wanted political freedom, so
as a result there were 600 African American state legislators and 16 members of congress that were elected by voters in the South. Ex slaves even
showed patriotism by conducting Fourth of July events. They were able to hold meetings and church services without being supervised by white men.
Because most ex slaves were considered illiterate, they flocked to northern missionary institutes so that their families could learn ow to read and write
and get an equal education, this resulted in separation in schools due to color. Family was very important in this time, before blacks became "free",
many were separated from their families and loved ones. It was documented that one man had became a freedman,
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9. The Reconstruction-Era Essay
The Reconstruction–Era The Reconstruction–era offered numerous opportunities to African–Americans, by attempting to secure the rights for
ex–slaves, but the opportunities presented even more obstacles to them. The thought of freedom intrigued the African–Americans at first, but many of
them quickly changed their minds after experiencing it. Henry William Ravenel, a slaveowner, proclaimed, "When they were told they were free,
some said they did not wish to be free, and they were silenced with threats of being shot (Firsthand 24)." The Reconstruction–era effected the white
settlers and their crops, as well, posing yet more obstacles for the already–struggling African–Americans. The hardships endured...show more content...
The Ku Klux Clan was a group consisting of white settlers that committed hate crimes against African–Americans, including acts such as hangings,
lynching, and overall abuse of African–Americans. Some said the purpose of the Klan was to "keep the negroes from rising," "keep fusses down and
colored men and white women apart (Firsthand 15)." A man by the name of Jim Williams, the captain of a black militia unit, was brutally hung by
members of the Ku Klux Klan in 1871 and this act led to the arrests of many Klan members, and the prosecution of Klan leaders (Firsthand 3). The
arrests opened the public's eyes to these atrocities resulting from Reconstruction and the existence of the Ku Klux Klan. Throughout the Reconstruction
period, there are recurring recollections of the Ku Klux Clan murdering and beating African–Americans but the significance of the murder of Jim
Williams is that it exposed this hateful congregation of men and their intentions, helping to alleviate the African–Americans' position at that point.
Aside from the Ku Klux Klan, other White Southerners did not support the idea of Reconstruction either. One White Southerner, named Caleb G.
Forsey, stated, "I think freedom is very unfortunate for the negro; I think it is sad; his present helpless condition touches my heart more than anything
else I ever contemplated, and I think that is the common sentiment of our slaveholders (Firsthand 37)." Caleb G.
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10. The reconstruction era was a time that then affected America in positive facets and negative aspects as well, and still affects America today. Thanks to
the reconstruction era, there are several implementations that geared the world on the path in which it is today. Had it not been for some of the laws
that were set in place African Americans may have not had many of the opportunities that were presented during the reconstruction period, therefore the
years of oppression and cruelty might still be present. Arguably one of the greatest contributions during the reconstruction era was the thirteenth
amendment. This is the amendment that formally abolished the cruel and unjust acts of slavery in 1865. The thirteenth amendment states ""Neither
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction" (Primary documents in American History). "The ratification came eight months after the end of the
war, but it represented the culmination of the struggle against slavery. When the war began, some in the North were against fighting what they saw as a
crusade to end slavery. Although many northern Democrats and conservative Republicans were opposed to slavery 's expansion, they were ambivalent
about outlawing the institution entirely" (13th amendment ratified). This statement is proof that although the North was opposed to slavery they were not
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11. Reconstruction Essay
Reconstruction took place after the end of the civil war. The reason for reconstruction was to put the union back together and free the slaves once and
for all. Reconstruction took three eras to be completed. The first was Lincoln, the second Andrew Johnson, and the third was the Congressional "hard
plan."
The Lincoln era lasted from 1863–1865. On December of 1863 the decree of "soft plan" was introduced. The "soft plan" included amnesty for the
southerners that took the loyalty oath. It also said a state would gain readmission into the union if ten percent of the state's population took the oath and
agreed to emancipation. (Reconstruction). This era ended on April 14 when President Lincoln was shot. He died on April 15 at 7:55 am,...show more
content...
Almost everything that the North tried to accomplish with Reconstruction failed. The blacks were freed from slavery, but they did not receive equal
rights in any sense. The Republicans tried to prevent the reestablishment of the Democratic Party in the South and once again failed. Reconstruction
was marked by much corruption and unstable government and did not actually accomplish much.
One of the major issues of the Civil War was slavery, and even with a victory by the North, blacks rights did not improve very much. Throughout
individual Southern states, Black Codes were passed in state legislatures to repress the suffrage of black males. "All freedmen, free Negroes, and
mulattos...with no lawful employment or business... shall be fined... and imprisoned..." In an effort to counteract these laws, the federal government
passed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. These Amendments were only effective to a minimal degree, because the Southerners found other
ways to restrict the opportunities of blacks. Southern whites organized secret societies such as the Ku Klux Klan to intimidate blacks and white
reformers. Often times, violence was used by these secret societies to express their views. These Reconstruction policies dealing with blacks were not
very efficient, for blacks did not receive equal
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12. The Reconstruction Era Essay
"The Reconstruction Era, as you have all learned, occurred from approximately 1863 to 1877– just about twelve years before the majority of you were
born. Within today's eighth grade history classes, students learn about Reconstruction as being governmentally controlled by a morally and politically
corrupt Republican party. You learn about reconstruction, acknowledging that the rise of the Ku Klux Klan has protected more of civilization,
specifically women, as opposed to harming it by attempting to disenfranchise African Americans. And that for the small number of their wrongdoings,
or 'series of disorders', Republican government couldn't immediately control them, signifying that government at that time was insufficient, and
ineffective. In...show more content...
You see, in the future, children grow up with children that have immensely different backgrounds. There are people of all different skin tones and
shades living amongst each other, and tolerance is a constant component that continues to improve as time goes on. In the future, we have machines of
glass, wires, batteries and cameras to create devices that help us communicate with each other. In the future, we have something called 'Airplane,' a
form of transportation that defies gravity. Coincidentally, you'll all be hearing a lot about that in six months. Furthermore, in the future, we believe that
the Ku Klux Klan was a terrorist organization, consisting of violent and murderous activity, motivated by bigotry and racism. Students are taught about
how the KKK, as a whole, murdered and tortured hundreds of people; mainly freedpeople, who all deserve the right to vote. Different, right? Even
more surprising, we don't believe the Republican government at this time was completely ineffective. We believe that the overthrow of the Republican
government in the South was solely based on the immense opposition, expressed through violence. 100 years later, we see them as victims of the
terrorist organization, sympathizing with them rather than calling them weak. To people where I'm from, Reconstruction faced its drawbacks and
challenges, but was still an essential part to the first steps of deciphering what it meant to be free in the United
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13. Reconstruction Of The Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction Era was known as a time to reconstruct the United States of America by the expansion of governmental power that began in 1865.
"There were two central problems that animated Reconstruction; providing justice for freedmen and facilitating national reconciliation. (A New Birth
of Freedom, pg. 1) After the 12 year span, reconstructing the nation succeeded in only a few of the goals that were set out to achieve within those 12
years that it was in progress. The Reconstruction's intentions ended up becoming its own failure. It was the failure that brought forth the foreseeable
success in changing the South. There were three goals the reconstruction set, and failed to achieve; social, political, and economic power, as well...show
more content...
The most important developments of the Reconstruction Era were not the revealed contents and cruelty that were talked about and still are, but rather
the slow process of regrowth and unnoticeable changes that ended up happening within the southern society. The Reconstruction allowed African
Americans to legally marry, allowed to develop stable family units and form their own community churches and religious organizations, which ended
up being the main place for gathering for the African American community. Without being able to make enough money or own land, African Americans
had no choice but to work for their masters. The Reconstruction Era introduced some freedom to the black society of the south. Within the Southern
states, the governments were under the same congressional program as the Reconstruction. These governments were honest and effective but during
the period, they were known as the "Black Reconstruction." With the governments being labeled, the truth were, after researching this time period, was
that there were no black governors, only two black senators, hardly any congressmen, and only one legislature controlled by African Americans. These
African American's which a part of the government system were treated fairly and necessary to rebuild schools in which were systematically equal. In
my term paper, I want to highlight the accomplishments of both the Civil War and the Reconstruction period. The Civil War
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14. Reconstruction Era Research Paper
Sammie Carey 2nd pd. Government Mr. McKown 5 December 2017 Reconstruction Era and Amendments The years after the Civil War are referred to
as the Reconstruction Era, during this time the country was rebuilding the south, and making progressive changes to the United States Constitution.
Prior to the end of the Civil War, African Americans were enslaved by white masters. Of course, this has never been morally correct, but by the
summer of 1862, blacks had started pushing the issue of being free, leading to Former President Abraham Lincoln giving the Emancipation
Proclamation in 1863. This was only the beginning of the fight for civil rights. In 1862, thousands of enslaved African Americans headed to the Union
lines as President Lincoln's troops marched through the south, to push and fight for their rights. A common belief about the slaves was that they were
accustomed to the bondage and basically, did not mind that they were slaves. This, of course, was a myth, and them heading to the Union lines during
the Civil War further proved to Lincoln that he needed to free them. Prior to this, Lincoln personally did not support the enslavement but was
concerned as to how the Northern slave states would react to the Union wanting to free their slaves. He was worried they would join the Confederacy.
However, he realized that emancipation was a necessity, both politically and for the military. In early 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
and more than four million slaves
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15. Era Of Reconstruction Essay
In the beginning of the 1860's, America had fought one of its bloodiest wars. The opponent of this war was the rebelling southern states of the union.
The North and South had many opposing views which led to conflicts, but it was not until the eleven southern states decided to secede the union, that
the war had begun. After fighting for four years, led by President Lincoln, the North had finally won. Then had come the "Era of Reconstruction."
Unfortunately, Lincoln did not live long enough to oversee the entire "Era of Reconstruction." Only six days after the war, April 15,1865, Lincoln was
confirmed dead. Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln, along with an army officer named Henry Rathbone and his fiancГ©, Clara Harris had decided to attend the
performance...show more content...
Lincoln had been trying to reunite the union, and move forward for all groups of people in those six days. He had started the Freedmen's Bureau, in
hopes of helping poor white Southerners and African Americans to move past the civil war, and start a new era of prosperity and equality. It says in
"The Freedmen's Bureau," that this organization "supervised all relief and educational activities relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing
rations, clothing and medicine." This shows that their goal was to help poor Southerners and newly freed African Americans. Furthermore, he
established the thirteenth amendment, along with the "Ten Percent Plan." These new plans/rules helped the nation progress in terms of freeing slaves
(the thirteenth amendment declared them free) and moving forward (the "Ten–Percent Plan" allowed the rebellious states to be eventually be
readmitted if 10% of eligible voters swore allegiance to the union). However, with the end of his presidency (and life), Andrew Johnson was next to be
inaugurated into office. President Johnson was a southerner who had caused many issues. According to "How did the assassination of Abraham
Lincoln affect Reconstruction?," Southern States had "passed numerous laws restricting the rights of blacks. They were known as the 'Black codes'.
Mississippi, for example, barred interracial marriages. The punishment for such an act was death." This implies that Johnson
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16. Essay On Reconstruction A Success
Reconstruction was a time period of major change in the United States of America for both African Americans and White citizens. After the Civil War,
the reconstruction process started out as a failure, but over the years turned into a huge success because of how African Americans were able to live
normal lives. Overall, Reconstruction was a success because freedom and growth of equality for African Americans was increased greatly.
Freedom for African American slaves was created during the Reconstruction Era. As written on the Reconstruction timeline, in 1865 when the 13th
amendment was created it established civilization by abolishing all slavery. The 13th Amendment was a new beginning of freedom for African
Americans, and if the abolishment...show more content...
During the Reconstruction Era, African Americans got more opportunities which led to their growth. Some of these opportunities were education and
many different work choices that wouldn't have happened without Reconstruction. In the history alive article it explained how after the Civil War,
people built schools and colleges for black children across the south increasing their education greatly. Also, the reading ability rate of
African–Americans went from 5% during slavery to more than 50% after slavery. Because of their ability to go to school, African Americans learned
how to read and other educational experiences which made them have the same rights as white people providing for growth. After the Civil War,
between 1865 to 1903 22,000 more black people than before owned business'. This led to success of African Americans in financial ways gaining more
money. After reconstruction a lot of African–Americans started their own business leading to the success rates of African Americans going up greatly.
Furthermore, 1/5 of the new office holders in the south were actually African Americans after reconstruction and they were all smart they were all
smart, hard–working, focused, and ambitious. This was huge for the black community because they had never had black government politicians before.
This made it so the government in the south was less white supremacy and more equality, bringing in new opinions from African American
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17. History Thesis: Reconstruction Era Essay
After the Civil War, America was still amidst great turmoil and economic instability. During this time period, the ultimate goal for Americans was to
seize the "American Dream". This was defined by most as being able to support their family and live a comfortable life. Although some did achieve
this, many faced social, political and economic hardships. Beginning with the unjust treatment of African–Americans, then the struggles of immigrants,
and followed by the rise of big businesses, the challenges faced during this time of rebuilding varied among the classes. Of all the groups,
African–Americans, had the most treacherous economic ladder to climb. Immediately following the Civil War they had the freedoms necessary to obtain
...show more content...
These "newcomers" did not deserve to come here and steal their jobs. Mike Trudic's account from his childhood referred to his father's hunt in
America to desperately find work, "At the end of a week he was taken ill and died. It said he died of a broken heart"(Mike, 188). There were just
too many workers and not enough jobs to be filled. Another first hand source provided by Rose Cohen, called Out of the Shadow, depicts the story of
a jewish girl in New York and the experiences her family goes through in order to reach a sustainable lifestyle. The struggles included descriptions of
harsh working conditions and anti–semitism, which created difficulty for immigrants who were trying to assimilate into the American culture. The
formation of unions helped workers of similar nature band together and demand better wages for their work. Many workers went on–strike, demanding
higher wages, but living paycheck to paycheck it was difficult to weather out an entire strike. With the onset of industrialization and the automation of
many factory jobs, the amount of jobs available decreased and further dumbed down the jobs, requiring less education to operate effectively, and further
increasing the market for competition. Immigrants just wanted to sustain a good job that can make them enough money to support their family and
live comfortably, but had a tough time being affluent in America while working wage–labor shifts in poor working
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18. Reconstruction In The Reconstruction Era
In 1865, the Civil War came to an end. It was a disaster to the South with plantations burned, towns destroyed, fields neglected, and railroads and
bridges ruined. Because of this, many white southerners were homeless and faced starvation. Most importantly, millions of slaves were free because of
the Emancipation of Proclamation, but people didn't know what to do with so many freedmen suddenly, and the African Americans had no idea how
to make a living for themselves. Many of them roamed around the countryside, sleeping on the bare ground, and all they had were the clothes they
wore. Because of these disarrays and disruptions in the South, political leaders, such as Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the radical Republicans
all proposed plans to help solve the problems of rights of freedmen, readmission of southern states, and land ownerships in the South. Although
reconstruction policies changed the rights of African Americans by granting black men suffrage and allowing them to gain education, they continued to
experience racial violence just as before the reconstruction period. Furthermore, the South continued to remain primarily agrarian as shown by the
system of sharecropping. With the help of the Republican leaders and organizations such as the Freedmen's Bureau, African Americans were able to
gain the right to vote and to receive education. Prior to the reconstruction era, African Americans in the south were bound to their master; they had no
right to earn
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19. Reconstruction : The Reconstruction Era
Throughout history, the United States has gone through many political changes and has evolved over the course of the years. Many great leaders were
born during the course of our bloody, yet astonishing history; all consisting of different intentions and propositions for the future. Some of these
leaders were Booker T. Washington, W.E.B DuBois, Marcus Garvey, Frederick Douglass, Hiram Revels, and Martin Luther King Jr. Those leaders
have guided several individuals through many movements. One such movement was Reconstruction. Reconstruction was known as the rebuilding of
the United States. Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1867. The Era can be described as a time period in which many citizens saw a growth in the
number of leaders, both black and white, a growth in ambition, as well as goals and accomplishments. Directly after the Civil War in 1865,
Reconstruction was launched to help reunite the North and the South and secure civil rights for African Americans.
When African Americans were freed from the chains by the Thirteenth Amendment, their life did not change as much as they hoped. Many whites tried
to keep African Americans from getting equal rights and voting.African American rights were limited due to black codes, sharecropping, the
Grandfather clause and the Ku Klux Klan. In 1866, the bureau tried to persuade African Americans to sign labor contracts with white landowners. This
was known as sharecropping. Many blacks who refused got arrested. The sharecropping
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