Mid_term_Presentation

1. Project Title: Log-Normal Flux
Distribution of Blazars in the High
Energy Regime
By - Paragjyoti Sut
Roll No. PHY17017
Supervisor – Dr. Rupjyoti Gogoi
Co-Guide : Rukaiya Khatoon
Department of Physics, Tezpur University

2. Contents
● Motivation of the Project
● What is AGN
● Structure of AGN
● Classes of AGN
● Blazars
● Computational Methology and Future Plan

3. Motivation of The Project
● To study the flux distribution of Blazar .
● We can have the idea of Micro-Physical origin
of the variability of these Blazar.
● We can understand the dynamics of particle
acceleration.

4. What are AGN ?
The luminosity of the nucleus of a galaxy more than 1044
erg/s which
exceeds the overall luminosity of the entire host galaxy. This nucleus is
known as Active Galactic Nucleus. This is powered by accretion onto
supermassive black hole.

5. Structure of AGN
● Central SMBH having
hundreds of thousands to
billions of solar masses M .☉
● An accretion disk formed by
cold material close to the
black hole.
● A broad line region (BLR)
where the broad and optical/UV
lines are produced.

6. Structure of AGN
● A narrow line region (NLR),
which is located at
~100-300 pc from
the SMBH, where the
narrow optical lines
are created.
● A molecular torus, which is located
within few parsecs from the SMBH.

7. Classes of AGN: Blazar

8. Properties of Blazars
● An AGN with a relativistic jet
directed very nearly towards earth.
● Much brighter due to relativistic beaming.
● Considered as the source of high energy
gamma ray photos.
● Highly variable sources
● Exhibit apparent superluminal motion.

9. Types of Blazars
1) BL Lacs :
● Rapid and and large amplitude flux variability.
2) FSRQ :
● Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
● Rare
● Output light can change by 50% in a day.
● Stronger broad emission lines than BL Lac.

10. Normal And Log-Normal Distribution

11. Computational Methodology
● Download data set ( Flux vs count) from RXTE website.
● Do Anderson-Darlington test using R-package.
If p>0.001, otherwise take logarithim. Then, if p>0.01,
proceed further.
● Make histogram using python code.
● Plot gaussian function in GNU plot.
● Chi-square test value must be <2. Otherwise replot.
● Plot log-normal function to reduce skewness.

12. References
● A brief Lecture on Blazars; Luigi CostamanteLuigi Costamante,, Stanford
University
● Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars;Z.
Shah and et. al ; Research in Astronomy and
Astrophysics; June 2018
● Lognormal flux variability in blazars: Observations and
Implications; A Sinha; Dept of HEP, TIFR
● Theoretical Understanding of Blazars;Chuck Dermer
(Naval Research Laboratory)
● Active Galactic Nuclei; Wikipedia.

13. Thank you