Kashmir ; A Lost Paradise Essay

Kashmir ; A lost paradise Essay
Kashmir – a beautiful mountain state with clear rivers, evergreen forests and one of the highest death rates in the world. It is at the center of an
age–old dispute between Pakistan and India that has dragged on from the independence of both nations over fifty years ago to the present time, with no
resolution in sight. The combined population of the two nation totals over a billion, so no conflict between them is of passing importance, especially
when nuclear weapons are involved. Pakistan and India share a common heritage, language, and traditions, yet the subject of Kashmir can push them to
the brink of annihilation. Fifty years of animosity have built up as a result. A proxy war still brews in Kashmir, claiming dozens of lives every...show
more content...
They removed the ruler of Junagarh and placed a "Provisional Government" in place, then used the excuse of "restoring law and order" to invade
and hold a farcical plebiscite, which choose India. "India sought to justify its aggression...on the plea that the rulers of Junagarh and Hyderabad were
acting against the wishes of their people" states the report on Kashmir released by the Pakistani Foreign Ministry. Keep this excuse in mind as you
read on; the rulers of the states were acting against the will of the people, so India felt it had the moral right to interfere.
In Kashmir, the roles were reversed. The ruler was Hindu with a Muslim majority. Anticipating that the ruler would chose India, the people rose against
him, and with the support of Pakistani tribesmen, ousted the ruler and set up their own government. Now the irony of the situation is that while the
Indians did the exact same thing in Junagarh, they could not accept the state of affairs in Kashmir. The provisional government of Kashmir chose
Pakistan, and a few days later the ousted ruler of Kashmir signed over the state to India, despite no longer being technically in power. The Indian army
then invaded, with the Pakistani army following suit, and war broke out between the fledgling nations. The United Nations intervened in 1948 and set
up a shaky ceasefire temporarily splitting Kashmir into Indian–held and Pakistani held areas. As the countries were divided in August
Get more content on HelpWriting.net

Kashmir : India And Pakistan Essay
Kashmir is one of the most beautiful places of india which lies between Pakistan and india. It's a heaven of the earth which embraces glaciers, pristine
rivers and valleys, forests and green– biodiversity. but Kashmir is a reasean for stresses between Pakistan and india. This issue was started since in
1947 when india became independent by british impere. After that Kashmir has been becoming the concerning issue of both India and Pakistan.
Eventhough indai is denying saying Kashmir is an international dispute but Pakistan always raises this issue as an international issue.
In this paper, I have tried to figure out the short historical background of Kashmir vally, why Kashmir is important for both India and pakistan?, what
are the Kashmiris' demands, what is the indian argument, what are the Pakistanis agendas , how to apply structural theory to reorganize kashmir, what
is the outline for coexistence, recommendation for the further solution and finally there is a short conclusion part.
Historical Background
Pakistan became independent one day ago when india decleared itself independent from the British empire the following next day. But Kashmir was
remaining independent territory until 1949. The histry of Kashmir goes back to seventinth century. Until 1846 kashmir was a part of the Sikh empire
but the same year sikh had to fight with the british troops evantually they were defeated by the british. But there was happened an interesting game
when the british sold Kashmir to

Women In The Half Mother By Shahnaz Bashir
The persistent conditions of conflict in Kashmir and its illegal occupation by the Indian military have caused a massive and unimaginable devastation
mainly in terms of human capital and economic development. The main victims of this illegal occupation and conflict are the Kashmiri women who
are vulnerable to the scandalizing issues of rape, abduction, widowhood and whatnot. The women of Kashmir are living on an edge and this
reverberates with crescendo in the novel, The Half Mother. The Half Mother is an agonizing and tenebrific novel by Shahnaz Bashir that critically
chronicles the pain and anguish undergone by the Kashmiri women on the onslaught of military attack and criminalization. The Kashmiri women have
always been at the epicentre of military atrocity and violence. The lives of the Kashmiri women like the women of the Third World Countries (Africa,
Somalia, and Afghanistan) have been blemished and bungled by the baleful issues of abduction, forced widowhood, and rape. Apart from this they are
subjected to suffer the pain of the kidnapping and killing of their husbands, brothers, fathers, and sons by the Indian military. The Indian military
without any tangible information and evidence take away the Kashmiri men from their homes only to separate them from their family members
forever. In this paper, the main points of argument are: how the Kashmiri women are made to suffer by the military men and their ilk and how this
suffering leads to, trauma, death and,

India 's Issue Of Kashmir
India thinks that Kashmir is not the issue for an international concern and India does not consider UN's take on any political action over Kashmir.
India's apprehension of Kashmir is reasonable somehow because India has fought three times with Pakistan regarding Kashmir's issue. On the contrary,
resolution does not come through military action. According to India, if India is ready to establish Kashmir as a democratic province with all the
privileges of an autonomous, there is no guarantee to Kashmir will be under the Indian union. Because there are lots of terrorist groups are fighting
against India. Pakistan is supporting them by providing materials as well as financial backing (Schofield, V. 2000).
The war between Pakistan and India in 1965 and 1999 see also (Bose, S. 2009) has shown that India and Pakistan are increasing their military power
and facing the challenges. On the other hand, China is behind the Pakistan. So India is worrying if USA and China extend their support to Pakistan
and Pakistan prepares to attack Kashmir. Indian central politics are also responsible for improving Kashmir case. Sonia Gandhi (leader of Indian
Congress) is a liberal and her party wants a dialogue with Kashmir and Pakistan both. But recent Prime Minister Narendra Modi (BJP) doesn't want to
negotiate with this case.
Pakistani Argument
After 1947, Pakistan felt that Pakistan is deprived because Kashmir has a majority of Muslim people and they have a right to choose their future

Kashmir Issue and Mediation Essay
Kashmir Issue and Mediation
The record of the international mediation (Third Party role), or meditative interventions in regard to the Kashmir dispute is clearly mixed: These
interventions achieved both some successes and some failures. Among the successes were the cease–fire and truce agreements, arranged by UNCIP in
1948 and 1949.The cease–fire agreement did not hold for long, and peacekeeping operation that emerged from it failed in large measure to keep the
peace. But that failure can hardly be charged exclusively against the United Nations. Among the UN's failures were the several attempts to mediate the
Kashmir dispute by UN representatives between 1950 and 1958.[1]
Since the latter...show more content...
Both sides have been acutely conscious of the dangers inherent in mediation exercises, among them mediator's own (and not necessarily compatible)
political agenda; and both sides have also been painfully aware that even successful mediation, if it exposed them to charges of a sellout, could lead to
domestic political disaster. Neither side's direct experience so far of mediation would in any way have altered those perceptions. Pakistan, in particular,
had very little to show for their reliance on world sympathies save for a rather diluted and ambiguous international commitment to the
"self–determination" of Kashmir. Nevertheless, it has long been clear that Pakistan government, the holder of the weaker hand in the Kashmir conflict,
has been far more willing than its India to gamble on international involvement.
In his last visit of America Khurshid M Kasuri, the Pakistani foreign minister, said in Washington Pakistan welcomes mediation, pressure, facilitation,
encouragement or any such other role of the United States and the rest of the international community in resolving the Kashmir issue[3].
Pakistan have clung tenaciously, of course, to the Security Council Resolution that initially defined the UN's responsibilities in regard to Kashmir and
in particular have given unequivocal support to prospective UN supervision of a

Ethnic Conflict: Kashmir
The conflict in Kashmir dates all the way back to 1947 and still continues to this day. Kashmir is an 85,806 square mile territory North of India and
East of Pakistan. Kashmir was one of the many states governed by British rule before gaining its independence in 1947. This independence was not
truly meant to be permanent; the ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, was meant to join Kashmir to either India or Pakistan. The majority of Kashmir's
population was Muslim, so Pakistan, being a Muslim nation, expected Kashmir to cede to them. Unfortunately, Maharaja was Hindu, so he remained
neutral in the decision. This sent Pakistan into an uproar, and in October of 1947, Pakistan sent Muslim troops into Kashmir. Maharaja appealed to the
Indian government for military assistance and signed the Instrument of Accession, ceding Kashmir to India; the first Indo–Pakistan war begins. This is
the first of three wars to occur between India and Pakistan, none with a winner. India referred the conflict to the UN who asked Pakistan and India to
remove their forces, although neither did. It finally ended in 1949 when a ceasefire agreement was made and the Line of Control was established.
The LOC was meant to be temporary, but it continues to be the border between and India and Pakistan today, giving 65% of the territory to India and
35% to Pakistan. The second war occurred in 1965 when Pakistan crossed the LOC, thinking India was unable to defend their territory and that the
Kashmir people

Speech on Kashmir Issue
SPEECH ON
JAMMU & KASHMIR DISPUTE
Honourable Course Director, Respected Deputy Course Director and Dear Colleagues Assalam–o–Alaikum
My topic of speech is Kashmir Issue.
Today, There are many issues which are threats to World peace the The Kashmir dispute is the oldest, unresolved, international dispute in the world
today. Pakistan considers Kashmir as its core political dispute with India. The exchange of fire between their forces across the Line of Control, which
separates Azad Kashmir from Occupied Kashmir, is a routine affair. Now that, both India and Pakistan have acquired nuclear weapons potential, the
possibility of a third war, between them over Kashmir, which may involve the use of nuclear weapons, cannot be ruled out....show more content...
These brutalities have been documented by International and even Indian Human Rights Organizations. Organizations such as Amnesty International
and Human Rights Watch as well as Indian human rights NGOs have extensively documented the gross and systematic violation of human rights of the
Kashmiri people by Indian military and para–military forces. Extra judicial killings, involuntary disappearances, arbitrary detentions, rapes and torture
continue to be reported on a large scale. The Kashmiri leaders have been repeatedly harassed and physically intimidated. They have also been denied
travel permission to prevent them from exposing Indian human rights abuses in Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. The massive suppression by India is
clearly designed to silence the people of Jammu and Kashmir through sheer brutality bordering on genocide and ethnic cleansing.
India refuses to acknowledge that the people of Indian Held Kashmir (IHK) have become totally alienated and there is complete rejection of Indian
occupation. The people of Kashmir are engaged in a heroic resistance struggle and have lain down and continue to lay supreme sacrifices to relieve
jugular vein of Pakistan and that of their own from enemy's sword as willed by the Quaid–e–Azam.
May Almighty Allah bless them with success– Ameen.
The Kashmir problem will be solved the moment international community decides to intervene in the matter to put

Essay about Kashmir Conflict
South Asia has been plagued with several global–impact conflicts. A particular conflict still in stalemate today is the Kashmir conflict between the
Republic of India and Pakistan. Since the British granted independence to India and Pakistan in 1947 there has been much contention as to where the
partition should be in the Kashmir and Jammu region. The newborn states of India and Pakistan (East and West) were created along religious lines in
fear of Hindu subjugation of the Muslim minority. Kashmir in this sense is a perplexing issue since it is a poly–ethnic region and the only state within
India holding a Muslim majority. India's legal claims to India have been ratified and accepted by the Kashmiri government, however conflict between
the...show more content...
Currently this region is an enclave between three powerful nations consisting of: Pakistan to the left, India on the right with China bordering the
north. This region is encompassed with various cultures and religions; those worth noting include the prevalent Muslim and Hindu populations of
IJK who are key to this conflict. Buddhists of IJK play a nominal role since they did not express strong contention with respect to the partitioning of
Pakistan and India. Thus, it is henceforth relevant to describe the hostile situation leading to and after the partitioning of Kashmir in order to propose
a solution to the conundrum. In the early 19th century the Sikh Empire with regional princes took form under a warrior named Ranjit Singh in
northern and western India. It is believed that upon his passing the prince Gulab Singh from Jammu, an upper class Hindu (one would refer to this
lineage as the Dogra regime), began to work closely with the British to get a stronghold on the Sikh empire (Bose 15). This Quiet Diplomacy carried
out between the prince and the British allowed Gulab Singh to expand his territory who in return would reciprocate by providing funds, materials and
the military upon British request. Land acquired by the prince, in order, includes: the Kashmir Valley, interior regions of Jammu, Ladakh, Baltistan and
Gilgit, which became endorsed by the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846 (Bose 15).

Kashmir Conflict Between Hindus And Muslims
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of South Asia. It borders Pakistan and India in the Himalayan Mountains. This landscape is known
for its raw natural beauty and has stood out in the history and folklore of the Indian subcontinent. At one point in time, Kashmir was aptly named
"paradise on Earth". Kashmir excels at diversity. People from all over the world many different religious backgrounds and even more diverse dialects
frequent the land. Today however, the Kashmir region is the center a multidimensional problem, with religious hostilities taking center stage. Disputes
over land seem to be a catalyst for almost every hostility and war since the dawn of time. The addition of politics and religion into the matter only
serves to aggravate an already tense situation. Kashmir knows this all too well. The conflict between Hindus and Muslims seems to be an ever
reoccurring battle. This is also evidenced in population battles. Hindus make up the social majority of the population of India by almost eighty percent.
Feelings of tension and uneasiness are a natural reaction to being dominated by a majority and are a problem unto itself. In order to proceed, there
needs to be a baseline of understanding in regards to Hinduism and Islam. Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and
Nepal. Hinduism has been called the "oldest religion" in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as SanДЃtana Dharma, "the eternal

Introduction
In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the
state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to
choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to this day. India granted its portion ofKashmir a special status within its constitution,
allowing for a great degree of self–autonomy. However, successive Kashmiri governments have been dissolved by the government of India, and
elections have only been held in the presence of its armed forces. In 1965, Pakistan and India waged a second indecisive war over Kashmir. In...show
more content...
Within a few days of the partition of the Indian subcontinent in August 1947 nearly all of the 560 odd Princely States joined either India or Pakistan.
The case of the Princely State of Kashmir, however, is one that remains unresolved after more than fifty years of conflict. The U.N. mandated
plebiscite has never taken place, and the history of the various regions of Kashmir has proceeded in a divergent manner since the division of the state
along what is now known as the Line of Control. India granted the part of Kashmir that it controlled a special autonomous status under Article 370 of
its constitution. The Maharaja was removed, and a new government was formed under the populist leader of the National Conference, Sheikh Abdullah
known as the Lion of KashmirвЂџ, Sheikh Abdullah was to become the most important politician in the history of the province. Upon becoming
Prime Minister he pursued a program of land reform in Kashmir, measures that were desperately needed by the Muslim peasantry, the majority of
whom had been discriminated against during the years of Dogra rule. In 1964, there were brief hopes for peace. In July 1965, the Pakistan army
launched "Operation Gibraltar", a plan which aimed to send infiltrators into Indian–occupied Kashmir to bring about a popular rebellion. The plan was
a resounding failure. Few if any Kashmiris were interested in taking militant action against India, and the war that followed merely resulted in a
stalemate. It was

Kashmir Issue
These claims are often reinforced with partisan interpretation of history and selective evidence. The real attitude and concrete policies towards the
dispute, however, are often governed by perception of short term "national interests" as defined by dominant political elite of the two countries the
interests that apparently are irreconcilable and non–negotiable.
While each side sticks to its claims over Kashmir, the Kashmiri Muslims continue to pay a heavy price for their defiant struggle against overwhelming
odds in order to exercise their right of self determination. For more than half a century the Kashmiris are oscillating between uncertainty and
destitution. They continue to suffer misery and repression under illegal Indian...show more content...
75 lac. Hence onward the Muslim population of Kashmir came under continuous torment of the cruel Sikh rulers. They tried to strengthened their hold
on the State with the singular aim of shattering the will of their Muslim subjects, crushing their religious zeal. They cowed them down into accepting
the slavery of the Hindu minority.
The genesis of the Kashmir issue is that in August 1947, when partition of the sub–continent took place, Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of undivided
India, influenced Radcliff into awarding the predominantly Muslim district of Gurdaspur, situated in the East Punjab, to India. By this treacherous act,
admitted by Lord Mountbatten himself on nation wide British television, the cruel Viceroy not only subjected a Muslim majority area to the cursed
Hindu domination, it also sowed the seed from which could crop up the domination of India on another predominantly Muslim State Kashmir, because
it is only through a narrow strap in the Gurdaspur district that India was linked with Kashmir. The canker in no time cropped up into the "Kashmir
Problem" that has ever since proved to be a serious threat to the security of the South Asian region.
Pakistan has made a lot of efforts to break the strangled hold of India on Kashmir, including third party's mediations but the fate of Kashmiris is

Kashmir Issue
I remember when I used to leave my home for school early in the morning & my mom used to instruct me not to speak with the cops and when I used
to return home safely in the evening she used to treat me as if I had returned after a decade. Today nobody knows whether their near & dear ones will
return home by the dusk. That's the fear that the people of Kashmir are living with.
Freedom, for Kashmir, is a search for the lost identity of its rich cultural & religious class of medieval world. The issue of Kashmir is not as ordinary
as most of the people in India think. People of Kashmir are dying & dying for the future of their unborn. I just want to convey to the outer world & the
citizens of India that the common man in Kashmir is not a...show more content...
Britishers gave independence to India without thinking that they have ruled India for Decades. Why cannot India give Independence to Kashmir so
that thousands of lives could be saved?
Indian Govt. has been claiming for years that Kashmir is their integral part & cares for its own people. Now the question is why the politicians are
interested in ripping the article 370 from Kashmir & why innocent people are being killed on a daily basis– as if they have any sales target (KILLING
PEOPLE) to achieve per day or month? Govt. agencies are trying to destabilize the economy of Kashmir and shatter the only hope Kashmiris have.
The entire world is of the opinion today that the best solution to the problem of Kashmir is to allow them to make their own choice. Why not
Referendum? Trust me they have only two choices, either INDIA or INDEPENDENT KASHMIR.
The problem arose from the day the British through its East India Company wanted to establish its rule over India for which in order to improve its
economy sold Kashmir for a meager Rs.75 lacks to then Dogra Ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh under Amritsar Treaty. This led to "QUIT KASHMIR"
movement for a long period.
During the course of time, India & Pakistan got liberated from the British in 1947. However, 642 princely states of United India were given the right
to exercise option of either joining India or Pakistan. On 26th October, 1947 the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accessioned to India and this
accession of the state of

The Times Of Conflict : A Study Of Kashmir Essay
Psychological Depression in the times of Conflict: A study of Kashmir Introduction: The Physical, Social and Mental health are central to life and all
of these are deeply interdependent and entwined. Depression, currently ranked fourth among the most urgent health problems worldwide by WHO and
predicted to become number two in terms of its disease burden, is more likely to be a result of various experiences like Conflict, Instability, Loss and
Experiences of Humiliation, Disruptions, Oppression, Stress etc. Security concerns are dominant in the minds of the Kashmiri people as Deaths, Injury,
Disappearances, Arrests, Encounters, Curfews, Rapes, Abductions and many other Abuses and Human Rights Violations are a part of their everyday
lives (Syed Amin, 2009). A day in Kashmir starts with the news of Killings, Rapes, Torture, Arrests, Curfews, Assaults and what not, which then is
recorded into the Psyche of the people. Everybody is affected from this war–like situation paralleled with a State of Mind wherein Grieving, Insecurity,
Oppression, Poverty, Uncertainties of career and relationships are major themes (Asima Hassan, 2013). The constructivist account of the Kashmir
dispute captures the crucial issue of contested national identities as a source of dispute and a factor affecting conflict resolution. It says that people
construct their own understanding, ideas and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. This theory falls

Kashmir in Historical Perspective
No better understanding of the Kashmir issue could be achieved, other than studying the issue within the context of colonialism and then the eventual
process of decolonization. In the 17th and 18th century, colonialism had reached its zenith and almost every known territory on planet earth was in
some way or the other was related to a colonial power. The idea of self–determination in the modern–era is in fact the product of the concept of
political sovereignty as developed after the Treaty of Westphalia. Then came the Industrial Revolution and during and after the revolution, the colonies
slowly gravitated towards the idea of self–determination, as they became more aware of their rights.
The American Independence Movement during the mid–1770s is considered as the first assertion of right of self–determination. Thomas Jefferson
further promoted the notion that the will of the people was supreme, especially through the authorship of the United States Declaration of Independence,
which inspired Europeans throughout the 19th century. The French Revolution was another consequence of the growing realization within the people
about their rights.
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 again testified to the fact that people around the world were growing impatient with the authoritarian governments.
U.S President Woodrow Wilson was a great proponent of the right of self determination. In a speech on February 11, 1918 he stated, "National
aspirations

Taking a Look at the Kashmir Conflict
INTRODUCTION
The Kashmir Conflict has been an ongoing battle between India and Pakistan for decades. At its very basis, it is a territorial dispute between the
governments of India and Pakistan and Kashmiri insurgent groups over control of the region of Kashmir. However, at it's core it is religious quarrel
that has been affected by the presence of nuclear weapons and the desire for local autonomy. The potential for peace is a topic still widely debated and
rarely agreed upon by scholars. Through the decades–long conflict and continuous disaccord between India and Pakistan, the path to peace is paved
solely by the Kashmiri people and their desires for their future, and with the resolution of this conflict, India and Pakistan may finally be able to contain
the forces of communalism and religious extremism that has plagued them for decades.
BACKGROUND
The Kashmir conflict arose from the partition of the Indian sub–continent along religious lines, which led to the formation of India and Pakistan.
However, 650 states, run by princes, still existed within the two newly independent countries in which the princes had to decide which country to join
or if they would remain independent. Due to its location, Kashmir, and its ruler Maharaja Hari Singh, could choose to join either India or Pakistan.
Unable to decide which nation to join, Hari Singh chose to remain neutral. Nevertheless, in October 1947, the Kashmir conflict officially began with the
Pakistani invasion of Kashmir and

The Kashmir Issue Bedeviling India And Pakistan
You know, I struggle with the truth. Is this most sacred of human constructs majoritarian, historical or divine? If it is all three, is there a golden ratio
between them that makes some truths universal? Also, how does this truth triangle apply to the Kashmir issue bedeviling India and Pakistan?
For starters, Pakistan's "truth" on Kashmir is absolutely majoritarian. The "Dushman Hindustan" (Nemesis India) narrative is the national gospel and
any political rhetoric wrapped around the "Kashmir banega Pakistan" (Pakistan will conquer Kashmir) chant preaches to packed crowds.
I have no issues with this overblown patriotism. It is imperative for an artificial nation state like Pakistan to have an artificially bloated sense of
nationalism. Since 1947, the government has carefully brainwashed us to believe that Pakistan had a parallel history all its own for centuries before
partition. This "Muslim" version of the Indian subcontinent implies Pakistan was always here, they just called it the Mughal Empire back then.
Historical truth, however, does not side with Pakistan on Kashmir. The exitingBritish Raj in 1947 had both the Muslim League and Indian National
Congress sign off on the Indian Independence Act. This legislation simplified, or so everyone thought, the divvying up of British India into the
sovereign republics of India and Pakistan.
Under the act, areas won outright by either Congress or the Muslim League in the 1945–1946 elections would go straight to India or

Kashmir Conflict
INTRODUCTION:
The Kashmir dispute is the oldest unresolved international conflict in the world today. Pakistan considers Kashmir as its core political dispute with
India. So does the international community, except India. The exchange of fire between their forces across the Line of Control, which separates Azad
Kashmir from Occupied Kashmir, is a routine affair. Now that bothIndia and Pakistan have acquired nuclear weapons potential, the possibility of a
third war between them over Kashmir, which may involve the use of nuclear weapons, cannot be ruled out. Kashmir may be a cause to a likely nuclear
disaster in South Asia, which should be averted with an intervention by the international community. Such an intervention is urgently...show more
content...
Nehru's betrayal :–
India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made a pledge to resolve the Kashmir dispute in accordance with these resolutions. The sole criteria to
settle the issue, he said, would be the "wishes of the Kashmir people". A pledge that Prime Minister Nehru started violating soon after the UN
resolutions were passed. The Article 370, which gave 'special status' to 'Jammu and Kashmir', was inserted in the Indian constitution. The 'Jammu and
Kashmir Constituent Assembly' was created on 5 November 1951. Prime minister Nehru also signed the Delhi Agreement with the then 'ruler' of the
disputed State, Sheikh Abdullah, which incorporated Article 370. In 1957, the disputed State was incorporated into the Indian Union under a new
Constitution. This was done in direct contravention of resolutions of the UNSC and UNCIP and the conditions of the controversial Instrument of
Accession. The puppet 'State' government of Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed rushed through the constitutional provision and the people of Kashmir were
not consulted.
In 1965, India and Pakistan once again went to war over Kashmir. A cease–fire was established in September 1965. Indian Prime Minister Lal Bhadur
Shastri and Pakistani president Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration on 1 January 1966. They resolved to try to end the dispute by peaceful
means. Although Kashmir was not the cause of 1971 war between the two countries, a limited war did occur on the Kashmir

While hearing either on the news or through news flashes on the internet of the strife taking place in Kashmir, I understood the war between Pakistan
and Indian to be about who was going to own the land in between. This war between the two countries goes much deeper than just real estate. Through
research I have learned about the different aspects of what created such hostility between Pakistan and Indian. The dynamics of such hostilities are
made up of a need for power, religious belief's and a sense of control over what each believes to belong to them. Real Estate being the least of their
concerns.
Pakistan was formed in 1947, it was created by founding father Mohammad Ali Jinnah. It was Mohammad Ali Jinnahs belief that Hindus and...show
more content...
Surprisingly it never made it, to the referendum that is.1
The problem was referred to the UN Security Council on December 31, 1947. India asked for vacation of aggression by Pakistan. The UN neglected
to take note of the aggression, and the council declared Kashmir a disputed territory. Due to their over– sight, the UN supported the Pakistani position.
The UN decided to leave the future of Kashmir to be determined by a plebiscite, to be held at a later date. According to the UNCIP (The UN
Commission on India and Pakistan), before a plebiscite can be conducted two preliminaries must be met. First, Pakistan should withdraw its forces from
the disputed territory and secure the withdrawal from the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan also needed to remove tribesmen and Pakistani
nationals not normally residents there who had entered the state solely for the purpose of fighting and causing unrest. Only after the commission had
been notified that the first request had been fulfilled, and indeed the tribesmen and Pakistani nationals have withdrawn, would they move forward. The
second request would be made of India. The Government of India would then begin to withdraw the bulk of its forces from that state in stages. Once
both withdrawals were completed, a plebiscite would be held.1
Pakistan still to this day has not started to vacate the property and therefore cannot expect a plebiscite to

Kashmir ; A Lost Paradise Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Kashmir ; A Lost Paradise Essay

Similar to Kashmir ; A Lost Paradise Essay (14)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Kashmir ; A Lost Paradise Essay