The Effects Of Biofuels On The Environment

The Effects Of Biofuels On The Environment
14 of the 15 hottest years on earth have occurred in the 21st century. Most of this environmental phenomenon has been the catalyst for countless debates
on climate change, upheaval about our current inefficient production of energy, and the frightening realization that our once precious symbols of
capitalist success, our automobiles, are becoming the tightening hands choking our planet with toxic pollutants. While one silver bullet to our Industrial
Revolution induced dilemma doesn't exist, biofuels could be the miniscule relief our civilization needs to buy time to tackle the larger issues at hand.
Biofuels, like cellulosic biofuel, created using switch grasses and in marginal land, and algae biofuels, created by collecting algae grown in...show more
content...
Biofuels on the other hand, are almost completely carbon neutral (Coyle, 2007) It only makes sense as the released CO2 emissions from the biofuel
is absorbed by the same crop that is used for their production. It is, in essence, a 100% efficient carbon cycle. The Pew Center on Global Climate
Change is a big proponent of bio hydrocarbon fuels because are comparable in energy content and components to fuels like diesel (Leavitt 2010).
Earth, a finite planet with finite resources. Humans, with a finite carrying capacity but infinite needs. The intersection between these two vastly
different machines is what is fueling the debate about what is more important to protect. Fuel for the people of the world or a world able to feed
people? Certain biofuels are titans of energy production while others are resource guzzling monsters. Cellulosic biofuels are made from carbon neutral
plants grown on lands which are true to their pre–human conditions. They can be grown on plains that contain native grasses and fast growing trees
with little to no fertilization involved and create an abundance of cellulosic waste, allowing for feedstock which can nourish the billions of livestock we
eat. Furthermore, this utopian biofuel can remove between 2–5 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere per hectare of land (Holzman, 2008).
American cellulosic fuel capacity is making it increasingly affordable, costing only $2.50 per gallon to produce. Adversaries argue
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Biofuels : For Better Or For Worse?
Biofuels: For Better or For Worse? There is no question that our world is changing, whether it be with technology, people, climate, or even the
economy. With the constant hustle and bustle of our busy lives, we tend to overlook some issues that may not affect us now, but will eventually
come back to haunt us. Instead of spending time worrying about our own selfish interests, maybe we should focus on more important issues at hand.
Have you ever thought about how our extracurriculars or our beloved sports might impact our environment? One of the sports that comes to mind
when I think of a sport that negatively impacts our environment is NASCAR. I think the racing industry should be forced to use biofuels. The
NASCAR industry goes through a significant amount of fuel each race weekend. In an article by Max Frankel, he discusses how "every sport is
energy intensive" and NASCAR is no exception. When we think of the average gas mileage for the typical car, we find the averages tend to be
between 22–27 MPG. In the racing industry, cars are averaging between 2–5 MPG (Frankel). Frankel uses some information he found from
howstuffworks.com about how much fuel this industry can go through each weekend. "In a single typical NASCAR race weekend, with more than 40
cars at high speeds for 500 miles – plus practice laps – at 5 mpg of gas, you're looking at, conservatively, about 6,000 gallons of fuel." (Finney qtd. in
Frankel) Now, what does this mean exactly? This means that throughout

Biofuels Essay
In recent years environmental problems, especially the use of fossil fuels, has become one of the most commonly debated issues. It is widely known
that fossil fuels are non–renewable resources and the use of fossil fuels harm the environment, such as the combustion process of fossil fuels that leads
to global warming. However, current societies are still dependent on fossil fuels. Because of the environmental problems and in order to decrease the
wide–ranging consumption of fossil fuels, researches argue that agricultural based fuel or bio–fuel is one alternative to replace fossil fuels and apply it
as a new energy source. In general, bio–fuels are fuels that predominantly are produced from bio–renewable or renewable feedstock, such as...show
more content...
One of the most conspicuous problems has undoubtedly been the worldwide food crisis (Murphy, 2009). The production of bio–fuels crops increases
the competition in land utilization among food crops and bio–fuels feedstock. Hence, food prices that are based on the same yield will increase sharply
and consequently might result in food shortage for people who spend most of their household income on food (Cockerill & Martin, 2008; Popp, 2010;
Reijnders & Huijbregts, 2009). Thereby, the huge subsidization of bio–fuels tends to give higher priority to bio–fuels rather than foods. This often
results in reduced the food production and increase the food prices. Food shortage and great food prices have many negative effects for societies
because food is fundamental to maintain life. The sharp upsurge in prices of food crops generates difficulties for the larger part of the world's
population. It has exacerbated the malnutrition and world hunger in countries and also makes the poor suffer (Murphy, 2009). Secondly, production
costs of bio–fuels can vary widely depending on the feedstock and the process of the production. Bio–fuels crops are eighty percent of the total
operating cost of bio–fuels (Demirbas, 2009). As the price of food crops increases, it influences on bio–fuels prices which rely on the same feedstock. If
the price of bio–fuels rises, there will be no significant utilization of bio–fuels. As a consequence, countries which have spent much of their

Biofuels : Are They The Future?
Biofuels: Are they the Future?
Bio–fuels are also known as agro fuels. They are a renewable source of energy made from animal and vegetable material and a large portion of
municipal solid and industrial waste. Bio–fuels are major sources of fuel from biomass. Biomass is any organic material stored in the tissues of living
plants and animals. Plants generate their energy from the solar power using the chlorophyll in the leaves to create tissue from water in the ground and
carbon dioxide in the air and animals take their energy from plants either by directly eating plants or by eating other animals that have eaten plants.
Even though biofuels are sources of energy obtained from renewable resources, the positive effects to the environment are far outweighed by the
negative effects to the environment from the production of these biofuels. Our need for energy is increasing day by day for heating, cooling, cooking,
driving, etc. One of the major reasons for the development of bio–fuels is the act that fossil fuel oil reserves are limited. Based on total worldwide oil
reserves of 143.1 thousand million tons of oil (end 2001) and a worldwide oil consumption rate of 3510.6 million tons, it is estimated that the oil
reserves will probably last until 2044. Also, there has been increasing concerns regarding global emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon
dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides. Biodiesel, which is the most popular form of bio–fuel, is used in any diesel

Growth for the Future: Biofuels Essay
Growth for the Future: Biofuels
The internal combustion engine, so vital for sustaining America's burgeoning economy, is omnipresent in most vehicles from the greatest semis to the
smallest economy cars. The combustion engine is also a mode of transportation that is fraught with problems, both costing billions of U.S. dollars to
fuel and causing enormous air pollution problems. Iowa, the nation's largest producer of corn and a leading agricultural state, may have the solution to
the problems caused by the enormous burden of gasoline and diesel powered engines, biofuel. Biofuels coming out of Iowa include biodiesel, a diesel
fuel additive, and ethanol, a gasoline additive. Both are locally produced products that reduce domestic...show more content...
Diesel engines are designed to compress the air so much that the temperature in the chamber is high enough to ignite the fuel when it is injected at just
the right time to explode, forcing the piston back down and creating work. Since the air is already very hot, the explosive mixture has more force than
that of regular combustion engines, and is therefore much more fuel efficient. Diesel engines can extract 30% of a fuel's chemical energy and turn it
into a useful mechanical force20.
In order to combat the inefficiencies presented by conventional engine designs, additives such as ethanol or biodiesel can be added in small amounts
to fuel in order to reduce emissions and increase lubrication. Biodiesel can be produced with most any biological material imaginable, ranging from
meat tallow to switch grass to soybeans13. Biodiesel can also be mixed with normal petroleum fuel in any amount, making it useful in any normal
diesel engine without modifications. Ethanol, however, can only be mixed with gasoline up to 10%9 before engine modifications must be installed.
Ethanol works by increasing the level of octane in the engine, meaning that more of the fuel oxidizes and leaves the vehicle cleanly. Ethanol increases
engine performance, decreases emissions and serves to lubricate the internal workings beyond that of normal gasoline.
Biofuels have been around since the invention of the combustion engine and

Advantages and Uses of Biofuels Essay examples
Definition: According to Dr Andrew Zimmerman Jones, the Definition of energy is: Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work.
Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electrical, or other forms (1) A simpler definition
is: Energy is the ability to do work and cause change (2) Renewable vs. non renewable: The definition of bio fuels: "Bio fuel is defined as solid, liquid
or gaseous fuel obtained from relatively recently lifeless or living biological material and is different from fossil fuels, which are derived from long
dead biological material. Also, various plants and plant–derived materials are used for bio fuel manufacturing." (3)...show more content...
How the energy functions in nature: Sugarcane itself looks like bamboo stalks and it is in the stalks that the plant stores energy that it doesn't need
straight away – rather like animals make fat. People like sugar for its sweetness and the energy it provides, so farmers grow these plants
commercially to extract the sugar. Most of Australia's sugarcane is grown along the coast of Queensland, and the rest is grown in northern New
South Wales and the Ord region in Western Australia. (5) The uses of Bio fuels: Bio fuel is being used in many ways. One of the most common
uses for Bio fuel is to power vehicles. There are two common ways to produce liquid bio fuels. One is to grow crops high in sugar such as sugar
cane, sugar beet or corn. They then use yeast to help ferment the crops into ethanol. Ethanol is a bio fuel. The second way to make bio fuel is to
grow plants high in oil. Examples of these plants are oil palm and soya bean. These oils are taken from the plants, heated to make them runny and
then used in diesel engines. Wood and things made from wood can also be used to make bio fuels like methanol and ethanol. Bio fuel made from
sugary substances is used in cars with petrol engines. These are the most common types of car engines. Bio fuel made from oily plants is used in
diesel engines. Diesel engines are common in trucks, tractors and heavy machinery. Bio fuels are made by harvesting

Essay on Pros and Cons to Biofuels
Over the past years, planet Earth has been warming up. According to NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, average temperatures have risen
around1.4 degrees Fahrenheit/0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880. In fact, the rate of warming is increasing. It was reported by a number of climate studies
that the last two decades were the hottest in 400 years. Global warming is a major threat to the planet. It is agreed that humans have caused most of the
past century's warming by releasing greenhouse gasses, as we power our electronic lives. The "greenhouse effect" is performed when the gasses let out
into Earth's atmosphere trap heat from the sun. Through the burning of fossil fuels, humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect and increasing the
...show more content...
Instead of dumping the waste in a landfill site and leaving it to rot, it can be used to produce biofuels. People have been using all kinds of waste to
produce biofuels. Marginal lands unsuitable for crop production can also be used to grow woody biomass for biofuel production. By running on this
renewable energy source, we can reduce our waste and decrease our dependence on fossil fuels. Another important advantage of biofuels is that there
is zero carbon emission. The burning of biofuels will emit carbon into the atmosphere. However, the plants or crops will absorb the carbon as they
grow. It seems like biofuels is a good solution after all. Also, from an economical point of view, biofuel–manufacturing plants can hire thousands of
workers, creating job opportunities. Biofuel production will also increase the demand for certain biofuel crops, leading to further economic
development for the agriculture industry. According to economist John Urbanchuk, it is estimated that "producing 10 billion gallons of biofuels a year
from corn would add $46 billion to the economy and create over 200,000 new jobs".
However, the production of biofuels can heavily harm the environment by contributing to global warming. When farmers grow crops for biofuels, the
land must come from somewhere. Sometimes, land conversion is done to produce cropland. For example, in Brazil, an Amazon Rainforest was
converted into cropland to grow soy

Pros And Cons Of Biofuels
Biofeuls Introduction Our world is finite. That means that there is only a limited amount of air, water, rock, plants and animal material. Earth is
like a spaceship with only so many resources. There are no supply ships to drop in and give us a refill of resources. It makes us (as global citizens) the
caretakers or stewards aboard the spaceship. So, as global citizens, we have to take care of our planet and make sure that it has enough resources for its
own well–being, the other biodiversity living on Earth and even humankind. We must preserve and wisely use what we have. Using renewable
resources and energy is one way to do just that. Biofuels are a type of renewable resources. In this report I will be talking about, what are biofuels,
what can they do, how biofuels are made, are they available around the world? Should biofuels be used to replace fossil fuels? Why or why not,
how do biofuels impact the food supply in 3 rd World Countries, who uses biofuels? Also, the cost, pros and cons and environmental benefits or
concerns. What are biofuels? What can they do? Biofuels are combustible fuels created from biomass. Biofuels are just another type of energy.
Biofuels are sources of energy, just as such as fossil fuels, wind energy, solar energy and geothermal energy. They are a renewable source of energy.
Biofuels are made to ease all our energy needs. Biofuels are also expected to increase the sustainability of Earth's other resources. Biofuels have

For over forty years now, scientists and researchers have been tirelessly searching for an alternative to fossil fuels. Biofuels have become an interesting
contender in the search for the replacement of the non–renewable energy source. Biofuels have been used throughout history for over thousands of
years. There is a large debate over biofuels and its true impact on the environment. Those involved in the discussion debating whether biofuels have any
real overwhelming benefits compared to fossil fuels could argue for its usage. According to recent research performed by the University of Michigan,
biofuels may not be the best alternative for fossil fuels. Regardless of its impact on the environment, biofuels are becoming more popular particularly
when the price of oil rises.
Biofuels are fuels made from biomass, which is the organic physical material of an organism that is or was alive. Biomasses can be separated into two
categories – liquids and solids. Liquid biomass fuels include biodiesel and ethanol. Solids include charcoal, garbage, wood, and manure. The majority of
organic matter contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, the same elements that make up fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. Biomass can be burned
as is or converted into a different fuel that burns more efficiently. The use of biomass for fuel is not a new idea, as humans long ago used whatever
could help them survive. Solid biofuels like wood, manure, and charcoal have been used ever since man discovered

Biofuels And Alternative Sources Of Energy
Introduction Biofuels, derived from living organisms rather than petroleum–laden rock, are the focus of current energy research. The need for biofuels
and alternative sources of energy will be necessary as the earth's resources begin to diminish. In cohesion with this concern, the current uses of fossil
fuels are a concern as the environment pays an incredible toll for our overuse of this resource. Many have attempted to replace petroleum fuel with the
first generation biofuels would require diverting farmland and crops for biofuel production, causing economic and ethical problems and competing
with world food supply (Zhang et. al., 2011). The production of these biofuels have a negative effect on the environment, as a backdrop of rising
crude oil prices, depletion of resources, and political instability in producing countries, only biomass has the potential to replace the supply of an
energy hungry civilization (Antoni et. al., 2007). This is proof that it is crucial to begin to create biofuels that have a lesser negative impact that can
sustain the energy demands that we have today. Currently, as seen in the table, microbes have been proven to produce ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen,
which are all sources that can be used for producing renewable fuels. Due to their limited demands on the environment they prove to be an excellent
candidate for a successful biofuel.
Many of the biofuels produced from microbes are done so by varying organic pathways in order to

Biofuels : Alternative Sources Of Energy Essay
Introduction
Fossil fuels are the powerhouse to the increasing global need for energy and transportation. Increasing fossil fuel consumption has led to increased
prices per unit supply of oil and an increased amount of harmful Carbon Dioxide gas released into the atmosphere (Rawat, Kumar, & Bux, 2012).
With growing concern over these affects, many scientists and researchers have come up with a better way to power the globe; by using Biofuels. By
switching, the emission of Carbon Dioxide would be reduced by seventy–five percent compared to petroleum oils (Kegel B., Kegel M., Boyce, 2013).
Biofuels are more environmentally clean and provide feasible solutions to help solve the need for alternative sources of energy. Sources of these
fuels come from renewable resources, like animal fat, plant life, and commercial oil waste. In the United States, one of the current sources of
biofuel comes from the use of soybeans. Soybeans provide a great start to the acceptability of biofuels and the work needed to make a change in the
oil industry. However, with the use of soybeans there is also a higher need for land, water, and harvest time. In addition to soybeans, extensive studies
are also investigating the use of algal matter, Microalgae, which is made up of fatty acid methyl ester, as a plentiful source for replacing fossil fuels
(Kegel et al., 2013). These organisms provide a much more suitable and socially acceptable alternative.
Microalgae are plants produced in aquatic

Environmental Quality and Biofuels
Environmental Quality
The use of biofuels as mandated by RFS.2 has a net positive impact on environmental quality. One of the key reasons for the adoption of this program
was to provide an alternative to fossil fuels that could offer better energy efficiency and lower green house gas emissions. The environmental quality
has been analyzed through four criteria much like in the report by Ackom, Mabee and Saddler (2010). These are: Greenhouse gas emissions, Energy
use, Water use and Land Use Change.
Energy use: In their report Ackom, Mabee and Saddler (2010) state that the energy use is primarily defined by the electric energy that goes into the
bioconversion process. This analysis considers efficiency in production and manufacturing process. According to this, biofuels (both 1st and 2nd
generations) are reducing considerable amount of energy used in the extraction and manufacturing process as compared to non–renewable resources.
Roughly evaluated values of energy saving of some of the common biofuels are noted as follows (relative to fossil fuels): sugarcane (89%), switch
grass (85%), wood (82%), soybean (45%), corn (43%), wheat (42%). These figures are very promising and continue to ameliorate as technology, and
research and development improves.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: When tested to compare the GHG emissions, biofuels preform much better than conventional fuels. However,
within the biofuel spectrum there is a range of efficiencies. For example, the according to

The Pros And Cons Of Biofuels
Biofuels
Energy can be produced from electrical, mechanical, and some forms of living organisms, among others. Different types of energy production may have
specific advantages and disadvantages, weather those concerns are environmental, economical, or political. While the function of biofuels has potential
for abating some concerns, other concerns arise from the use of biofuels. Industrialized nations seem to be leading the production as well as the
consumption of all energy resources, including biofuels.
There are three main methods for utility scale electricity generation. They consists of power production via mechanical generator, via chemical battery,
and via photovoltaic cells. For the sake of this document, we will focus on mechanical power generation.
Mechanical generators work by converting energy from a moving turbine, which drives a magnet around a coiled electrical conductor thus producing
electricity. From the generator, the current must be cleaned by being processed through an alternator which converts the direct current from the
generator to a consistent alternating current. From the inverter, the alternating current is sent through a transformer to allow for electrical distribution.
For the end user, the power is once again sent through a transformer to decrease the voltage for home or commercial use.
Now, depending on how the turbine is propelled determines if you have an environmentally friendly system, or a polluting system. Systems that burn
fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, or petroleum based fuels are responsible for 78% of US produced energy in 2016. When fossil fuels are completely
burned, the waste products include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and some heavy metals such as mercury or
uranium. In 2005, energy related CO2 emissions totaled to six billion metric tons, however in 2016, that figure had a significant decrease totaling a
little over five billion metric tons, which is likely due to moving towards the use of renewable or natural gas (which has less emissions per unit of
energy compared to coal) (United States Department of Energy, 2017).
Countries that depend on Alternatives
Biofuels created by either plant or animal

Biofuels
CRUDE OIL CRISIS SAVIOUR .. By focusing our attention from digging for more fossil fuel resources, if we focus it on producing vegetable oil
using the land resources, we will greatly reduce the demand for petroleum products. .. Our engine is extremely VERSATILE, being able to run on
diesel, bio–diesels, vegetable oils with very little change in power and efficiency. This will diversify the kind of fuels that can run a diesel engine and
reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. ECO–FRIENDLY .. No additional Carbon Oxides are emitted into the atmosphere. .. This is because only
carbon stored in the plants seeds are released back in the atmosphere as carbon oxides. COST SAVINGS .. Waste Vegetable oils cost an average of
2. Finding an Alternate Fuel 2.1 Foreword To find an alternate fuel for diesel engines, we first carried out chemical tests on the different fuels to
ensure capability for combustion and fluidity in the engine. After that, engine testing was done to see the effects of the fuels on the engine. 2.2
Chemical Testing 2.2.1 Testing Higher Calorific Value Objective The objective is to determine the Higher (Gross) Calorific Value of a liquid fuel.
H.C.V of a fuel is defined as the energy liberated per kg. of fuel burned and when the products of combustion are cooled to the original fuel
temperature. Apparatus Used A Bomb Calorimeter Assembly is used to test for H.C.V. It consists of a calorimeter jacket with cover, an oval bucket, a
calorimetric thermometer, an oxygen combustion bomb, an ignition unit and two support stands. The pictures of the apparatus used are shown below.
Brief Summary of experiment A weighted sample of oil is burnt in oxygen under controlled conditions. The gross calorific value being calculated
from the weight of the sample and the temperature rise of a known weight of water in which the bomb is submerged. Allowances are made for
radiation losses. The heat supplied by the ignition wire and heat liberated due to the formation of sulphuric and nitric acids during combustion are
neglected. However these heats should be considered when extreme accuracy is required. Copyright © Singapore Polytechnic. All rights

Biodiesel
Essay #4
With the free reign you have given us on this paper, I have made the decision to look at the comparison of fossil fuels and other sources of energy
that we use compared to the use and acquisition of bio fuels. I will explain, show and support the opinion of the comparison with biofuels being the
more positive and safer choice. The different areas I will show this will be both economically and environmentally by far.
There's no question relying on coal and oil for power is a bad for the environment. Both fuels release greenhouse gases when they are burned through
cars and big trucks. Both are acquired through dangerous collection ways. And both are nonrenewable because it would take millions of years to
generate more once we've...show more content...
I found this on nrel.gov on the informational portion of their website. I also found on there that biofuels act as carbon sinks while they grow which
means that they capture carbon while they grow just like other plants obviously. So if you factor both the reduced emissions and the capturing of carbon
dioxide, biofuel definitely shows that it is the smarter choice.
Another benefit to biofuels is the reduced danger of environmental disasters happening. The legendary BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was one of
the worst we have ever seen. It basically destroyed that ecosystem with one swift mistake. It released millions of gallons of oil, causing an unknown
amount of damage in the process. Biofuels are safer. The worst event I personally can see happening from growing these plants is maybe a field
getting set on fire which is a much more containable and less harmful effect than destroying an ocean.
So we should switch to biofuels now, even though it would require a large change and shift in farming. Energy consumption is at an all–time high from
what the video was exhibiting. To meet the demand of energy that we have right now, we would have to devote more land to growing energy crops.
But the overall outcome for the economy and the ecosystem that we live in, I believe that it's a sacrifice that we can and need to make. Every aspect
of our world will be improved. I loved the film and the information I have looked

Disadvantages Of Biofuels
Human actions are killing earth as we know it. There are many factors to consider that impacts this, such as land destruction, ongoing climate
catastrophes, polluting water, but most importantly polluting air. Atmosphere pollution is caused by many things. From destroying land, machinery
itself, and the use of vehicles increases these pollution levels as carbon dioxide is being released which contributes greatly to problems like climate
change and global warming. As many people want to solve this problem, researchers are considering all sorts of alternative fuels that societies could
use. One alternative fuel that many scientists are focusing their attention on would be biofuels. Biofuels is a fuel that comes from living matter or the
products from living matter, and should be developed as an alternative energy source to be used because of the major positive advantages they carry.
Fuels such as gasoline and coal produces major carbon dioxide pollution while biofuels release less carbon dioxide when used (Biello, 2011).
Comparing to biofuels, fossil fuels is a natural fuel that takes millions of years to form from the remains of living organisms that can be found deep
underground. However, to reach this fossil fuel, machinery and destruction of land space is needed which ultimately goes against releasing less
pollution. Considering the alternative use of algae as fuel, in theory they can help the environment as it contributes in taking in carbon dioxide to do
the process of photosynthesis. Since algae are plants that help improve the environment and create more habitat, scientists have found a way for algae
to be more efficient as an alternative energy source. Through the help of genetic engineering, the process and production of fuel from algae can
become more efficient which was discovered by scientists with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Lydersen, 2015). They were able to determine
a way to dodge an enzyme that breaks down the lipids that's needed to make biofuel, and instead algae can become genetically programmed to make
molecules suited to produce fuel, such as hydrocarbons and more lipids. Genetic engineering is very efficient as it allows for alternative molecules that
could also be used

Essay on Biofuel vs. Conventional Fuel
Biofuel is obtained from lifeless or living microbial resources. Also, various plants and plant–derived materials are used for biofuel manufacturing. In
order to be considered a biofuel, the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable resources. An important process to generate energy, photosynthesis, is
the main route through which oxidised carbon (carbon dioxide) is decreased in the daytime and oxidised back to carbon dioxide to generating energy in
the night. Biofuel is originally derived from the photosynthesis process and can therefore often be referred to as a part of solar energy source.
Biofuel can be used as substitutes for conventional fuels e.g. petro fuels. Mainly, biofuel contains hydrogen and methane which are particularly...show
more content...
Surely, the power density and lifetime of biofuel must be improved to compete with the conventional fuels but biofuel certainly has several advantages
as well as less emission of carbon dioxide and recycling. biofuel cells offer ambient operation condition compared to noble metal–catalyzed fuel cells,
and can eventually be cheaper as the production cost of the key biocatalysts continues to drop as a result of developments in genetic engineering.
Enzymes also possess better tolerance against impurities in fuels. For example, Pt (platinum) can be sensitive to trace amounts of CO, which is often
present as an impurity in hydrogen produced from reforming gas. CO can also be generated as a product of incomplete oxidation of methanol.
Biocatalysts are usually inert to CO.
For energy generation, carbohydrates are the most plentiful renewable resource available. Unfortunately, it is hard to use carbohydrates in traditional
chemical fuel cells, since their catalysts are usually not capable of catalysing this type of reactions. Biocatalysts can overcome this limitation.
Carbohydrates, such as sugars and starch, can be directly oxidised in biofuel cells to generate electricity. In some cases, pretreatment of the biomass
may be required. For example, cellulose can first be hydrolysed by cellulose to produce glucose. In microbial biofuel cells, utilisation of glucose for
energy generation achieved a high efficiency.

A Report On Sustainable Biofuels
Executive Summary
With the goal of achieving carbon neutral growth by 2020 the aviation industry views sustainable biofuels as its tool to reach that goal. The major
aircraft manufacturers are leaders in the research effort, utilizing their resources to fund and facilitate early tests with biofuels. While a core group of
airlines using a very limited supply of biofuel is testing the commercial viability of biofuels across diverse networks.
Ethanol, made from corn, is part of the first generation biofuels, which are cheaper but have a larger impact on food supply. The price of ethanol is
higher than the current gas prices when factors like transportation and labour are taken into account. However, airlines may find this type of biofuel
The usage of land originally dedicated to agriculture has not only created food shortages, but also caused an increase in food prices. Furthermore, there
is not enough land capacity to satisfy the demand of the biofuel industry.
Biofuel is an ideal solution and the successes seen by aircraft manufacturers and airlines are small steps of progress towards full implementation.
However, given the limitations in land capacity, the debate of fuel versus food, the current technological developments, high prices and lack of
government support, this solution is neither economical nor sustainable.
3
Future of Alternative Fuels for Air Travel Introduction
Rise of Biofuels
With the airline industry committed to achieving carbon–neutral growth by 2020, the introduction of sustainably produced biofuels is a key strategy
for achieving this goal. It was a multi–year process that required collaboration between aircraft makers, engine manufacturers and oil companies, with
the first demonstration flight in 2008. In 2011 biofuels were approved for commercial flight use. Since that time there has been thousands of flights
fuelled with sustainable biofuels, here are a few milestones;
February 2008
First demonstration flight powered with biofuel, a Virgin AtlanticBoeing 747 with one engine powered with a 20% biofuel mix flew from London to
Amsterdam.
June 2011
First commercial flight powered with

The Effect Of Biofuels On The Environment Essay
Introduction Yeast fermentation is a process that produces carbon dioxide and ethanol from the mixture of yeast, sugar, and water. It is a process of
anaerobic respiration since yeast does not need oxygen to create energy. It is a widely–used experiment performed to measure the amount of carbon
dioxide produced from different yeast and sugar mixtures (Grammer, 2012). Biofuels are fuels that are heated to a specific temperature to create
energy. For example, if you heat up oxygen, the product will be energy,carbon dioxide, and water. Biofuels are important because they will be used in
place of fossil fuels to cause less pollution to the environment (Kim K, Choi I, Kim H, Wi S, Bae H, 2014). The use of biofuels will increase over
the next few years because they are much safer than fossil fuels (Kim K, Choi I, Kim H, Wi S, Bae H, 2014). There are various ways that this
experiment can be performed. In one study, the use of inverted pipettes, test tubes, capillary tubes, and graduated cylinders were used to make the
process quicker and simpler (Grammer, 2012). The scientists decided to perform this experiment this way to focus more time on more important
issues. Because the procedure was shorter, it allowed for more replications to be completed. Also, it gave more accuracy and precision because of the
various instruments used (Grammer, 2012). The experiment performed in lab was also a simple procedure and allowed for six different replicates, one
from each lab table.

The Effects Of Biofuels On The Environment

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