Wireless Sensor Network

1. Prepared By:
Riyaz Sarvaiya(09BEC078)
Pankaj Khodifad(09BEC027)
Guided By:
Prof. Sachin Gajjar and Asst. Prof. Amit Degada
(Electronics and Communication department)
Minor Project
Institute of Technology

2. Outline(Review-I)
• Introduction
• Drip Irrigation
• Wireless Implementation
• MSP430 Kit
• TinyOS
• Conclusion
• Reference

3. Introduction
• Humanity depends on agriculture and water for
survival
• New trends have emerged in precision agriculture
• More demand for controlling agriculture practices
• horticulture to field crop production
• Concerns pre- and post-production aspects of
agriculture enterprises.

4. Drip Irrigation
• Saves water up to 70%. More land can be irrigated with the
available water
• Crop grows consistently, healthier and mature fast
• Early maturity results in higher and faster returns on investment
• Increase in Crop area up to 50%
• Fertilizer use efficiency increases by 30%
• Undulating & hilly lands can be brought under cultivation

5. Wireless Implementation

6. Wireless Implementation

7. Wireless Implementation

8. MSP430 Kit

9. MSP430 Kit

10. MSP430 Kit Feature
• 100-pin socket for MSP430F5438
• Power Supply sources: USB, FET, 2x AA batteries
• Digital I/O Pins: 34
• Accessible analog inputs (12-bit ADC): 5
• PWM outputs: 12
• Flash Memory (MSP430F5438): 256KB
• RAM (MSP430F5438): 16KB
• Clock Speed (MSP430F5438): 18MHz
• Communication (MSP430F5438):
• 4x UART/LIN/IrDA/SPI
• 4x I2C/SPI
• 5-position joystick (up, down, left, right, push down)

11. MSP430 Kit Feature
• 2 push buttons
• 2 LEDs
• 138x110 grayscale, dot-matrix LCD
• 3-Axis Accelerometer (ADXL330)
• Microphone (Amplified by TLV2760)
• 3.5mm audio output jack (Features TPA301, 350mW Mono Audio Power
Amplifier)
• Support for TI Low Power RF Wireless Evaluation Modules and eZ430-
RF2500T. Currently supported modules:
• CC1100/CC1101EMK – Sub-1GHz radio
• CC2500EMK – 2.4 GHz radio
• CC2420/CC2430EMK – 2.4 GHz 802.15.4 radio
• CC2520/CC2530EMK – 2.4 GHz 802.15.4 radio
• USB connectivity for data transfer
• JTAG header for real-time, in-system programming

12. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

13. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

14. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

15. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

16. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

17. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

18. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

19. MSP430 Kit Project(Blinking LED)

20. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

21. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

22. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

23. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

24. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

25. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

26. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

27. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

28. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

29. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

30. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

31. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

32. MSP430 Kit Demo Project

33. USB debugging interface (MSP-FET430UIF)
• A TI Flash Emulation Tool required to program and debug
devices on the experimenter board.
• Software configurable supply voltage between 1.8 and 3.6
volts at 100mA
• Supports JTAG Security Fuse blow to protect code
• Supports all MSP430 boards with JTAG header
• Supports both JTAG and Spy-Bi-Wire (2-wire JTAG) debug
protocols

34. OUTLINE
Required OS for low power application
Why TinyOS?
Programming in TinyOS
Hardware
Example : Blink
Example : Dissemination Protocol
Conclusion
Reference
OUTLINE of Review II

35. Required OS for low power
application
1. Small memory footprint
2. Low power consumption
3. Concurrency intensive operation
4. Diversity in design and usage
5. Robust operation

36. Problems with traditional OS
• The traditional OS is too big (Memory)‫‏‬
• It was not build considering constraints for energy and power
• It has a multithreaded architecture so it leaves large memory
footprint
Need a new OS…
Why TinyOS?

37. Developer Tiny OS Alliance
Programmed in nesC
OS Family Embedded operating systems
Source model Open Source
Initial Release 0.43 (2000)‫‏‬
Latest Release 2.1.1 (April,2010)
Marketing Target Wireless Sensor Networks
Why TinyOS?

38. • It features a Component based Architecture
• It has a single Stack
– used by both Interrupt and function calls
• Tasks are non-preemptive
• Tasks run in FIFO order
• It does not have Kernel because of direct hardware
manipulation
• TinyOS's component library includes network protocols,
distributed services, sensor drivers, and data acquisition
tools
Why TinyOS?

39. Three file needed in same folder(suppose „Blink‟)
1. Configuration file
 nesC file (e.g. BlinkAppC.nc)
2. Component file
 nesC file (e.g. BlinkC.nc)
3. Make file
 Contains TinyOS commands (e.g. Makefile)
Programming in TinyOS

40. Example : Blink
BlinkAppC.nc (Configuration file)
configuration BlinkAppC {
}
implementation {
components MainC, BlinkC, LedsC;
components new TimerMilliC() as Timer0;
components new TimerMilliC() as Timer1;
BlinkC -> MainC.Boot;
BlinkC.Timer0 -> Timer0;
BlinkC.Timer1 -> Timer1;
BlinkC.Leds -> LedsC;
}

41. BlinkC.nc (Component file)
#include "Timer.h"
module BlinkC {
uses interface Timer<TMilli> as Timer0;
uses interface Timer<TMilli> as Timer1;
uses interface Leds;
uses interface Boot;
}
implementation {
// In next slide
Example : Blink (cont.)

42. BlinkC.nc (Component file)
implementation {
event void Boot.booted()‫‏‬{
call Timer0.startPeriodic( 500 );
call Timer1.startPeriodic( 1000 );
}
event void Timer0.fired()‫‏‬{
call Leds.led0Toggle();
}
event void Timer1.fired()‫‏‬{
call Leds.led1Toggle();
}
}
Example : Blink (cont.)

43. Makefile (Make file )
COMPONENT=BlinkAppC
include $ (MAKERULES)‫‏‬
Example : Blink (cont.)

44. Compile
 make iris
Dump
 make iris install,<node id> mib520,<serial port>
make iris install,4 mib520,com8 (In Windows)
make iris install,4 mib520,/dev/ttyUSB0 (In Linux)
Blink Video
Example : Blink (cont.)

45. • Dissemination is a service for establishing eventual consistency on a shared
variable.
• It allows administrators to reconfigure, query, and reprogram a network.
Program:
1. EasyDisseminationC.nc:-
 Component (Module) file, contains implementation.
2. EasyDisseminationAppC.nc:-
 Configuration file, contains wiring.
3. Makefile: -
 For compilation.
Dissemination Video
Example : Dissemination

46. • “IRIS”‫-:‏‬ Radio Module
– IEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver
– 2.4 to 2.48 GHz, an ISM band
– 250 kbps data rate
• Sensorboards:-
– MTS300
• Light
• Temperature
• Acoustic
• Sounder
– MDA100
• Light
• Temperature
• General Prototyping area.
Hardware

47. • Exploration of the kit MSP430
• Basics of TinyOS
Conclusion (Review-I)

48. 1. http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/MSP-EXP430F5438_Experimenter_Board
2. http://www.ti.com/product/msp430f5438
3. www.jains.com
4. http://www.ti.com/tool/msp-exp430f5438
5. "A wireless application of drip irrigation automation supported by soil moisture sensors" by
Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden in Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(7)
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wsn
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TinyOS
8. http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Installing_TinyOS_2.1#Manual_installation_on_your_host_OS_
with_RPMs
9. http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/TinyOS_Tutorials
10. http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos-2.x/doc/html/tep118.html
11. http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Network_Protocols
12. http://docs.tinyos.net/index.php/Mote-PC_serial_communication_and_SerialForwarder
References

49. 1. MSP430
1. RF Intrerface with CC2500
2. TinyOS
1. Multihop dissemination protocol
2. DYMO protocol
Outline for Review-II

51. CC2500 Kit Introduction

52. CC2500 Kit Introduction

53. CC2500 Kit Introduction

54. SENSORS
For the automated drip irrigation sensors are required
to sense necessary data and microcontroller is required
to controlled the whole system.
Sensors
Humidity sensor
Temperature Sensor
Soil Moisture Sensor (Watermark)
leaf wetness sensor
etc..

55. Humidity sensor
• Humidity sensors are used for determining the
moisture content.
• Therefore, an accurate and precise means of
testing moisture content in grain will help
farmers monitor their crops.
• Moisture content measurements are
important to sampling grain water content,
field water content, and storage water
content.

56. Humidity Sensor (808H5V5)
• Measurement range: 0 ~ 100%RH
• Output signal: 0,8 ~ 3.9V (25ºC)
• Accuracy: <±4%RH (a 25ºC, range
30 ~ 80%), <±6%RH (range 0 ~
100)
• Typical consumption: 0.38mA
• Maximum consumption: 0.5mA
• Power supply: 5VDC ±5%
• Operation temperature: -40 ~
+85ºC
• Storage temperature: -55 ~
+125ºC
• Response time: <15 seconds

57. Humidity Sensor (808H5V5)

58. Temperature Sensor
• A thermocouple consists of two conductors of
different materials (usually metal alloys) that
produce a voltage in the vicinity of the point
where the two conductors are in contact.

59. Temperature Sensor (MCP9700A)
• Measurement range: -40ºC ~
+125ºC
• Output voltage (0ºC): 500mV
• Sensitivity: 10mV/ºC
• Accuracy: ±2ºC (range 0ºC ~
+70ºC), ±4ºC (range -40 ~ +125ºC)
• Typical consumption: 6μA
• Maximum consumption: 12μA
• Power supply: 2.3 ~ 5.5V
• Operation temperature: -40 ~
+125ºC
• Storage temperature: -65 ~ 150ºC
• Response time: 1.65 seconds
(63% of the response for a range
from +30 to +125ºC)

60. Temperature Sensor (MCP9700A)

61. Soil Moisture Sensor (Watermark)
• Measurement range: 0
~ 200cb
• Frequency Range: 50 ~
10000Hz approximately
• Diameter: 22mm
• Length: 76mm
• Terminals: AWG 20

62. leaf wetness sensor
• Leaf wetness is an meteorological parameter
that describes the amount of dew and
precipitation left on surfaces.
• It is used for monitoring leaf moisture for
agricultural purposes, such as fungus and
disease control, for control of irrigation
systems, and for detection of fog and dew
conditions, and early detection of rainfall.

63. leaf wetness sensor
• Resistance Range: 5kΩ ~
>2MΩ
• Output Voltage Range:
1V ~ 3.3V
• Length: 3.95cm
• Width: 1.95 cm