Potential and limitations of by-product based feeding systems to mitigate green house gases for improved livestock productivity Blümmel M., Anandan S. Prasad C. S. 1 International Livestock Research Institute, c/o ICRISAT, Patancheru 502324, AP, India 2 National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030 India 3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Animal Science Division New Delhi-110 114. India 13 th Biennial Animal Nutrition Conference of the Animal Nutrition Society of India: Diversification of Animal Nutrition Research in the Changing Scenario Bangalore, India, 17-19 December 2009

Key feed sources in India: 2003 and 2020 (summarized from NIANP, 2005 and Ramachandra et al., 2007 ) Feed Resource % Crop Residues Planted fodder crops 2003 2020 44.2 69.0 34.1 ? Greens (F/F/CPR/WL) 17.8 ? Concentrates 3.9 7.3

Stover digestibility and grain yield in sorghum cultivars release-tested between 2002 and 2007 Blümmel et al. (2009)

Sorghum stover trading in Hyderabad

Relation between price of sorghum stover and in vitro digestibility Premium Stover Low Cost Stover Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006

Premium and lost cost sorghum digestibility (OMD), digestible intake (DOMI) and nitrogen balance (N-Balance) in sheep Rao and Blümmel (2009) g/d g/kg LW/d -0.5 b 10.2 b 51.5 b Low Cost 1.2 a 12.5 a 58.1 a Premium N-Balance. DOMI OMD

Feed block manufacturing: supplementation, densification Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD Ingredients % Sorghum stover 50 Bran/husks/hulls 18 Oilcakes 18 Molasses 8 Grains 4 Minerals, vitamins, urea 2

Comparisons of premium and low cost sorghum stover based complete feed blocks in dairy buffalo Anandan et al. (2009a) Block Premium Block Low Cost CP 17.2 % 17.1% ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 % Milk 7.9 kg/d 7.0 kg/d Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d

Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and response in sheep Anandan et al. (2009b) Mash Pellets Block Control Chaffed SSBRL Concentrate DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7 Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5 Feed cost ($/kg LW gain) 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6

Milch Animal, Livestock Population and their average Milk Production(2005-06) Milch animals Total animals Milk yield x 10 3 kg/d Cross Bred 8 216 28 391 6.44 Local 28 370 155 805 1.97 Buffalo 33 137 101 253 4.40

Milch Animals and their Energy Needs for Maintenance and Production Metabolizable energy required MJ x 10 9 Maintenance Production Cross Bred 148.0 122.6 Local 423.3 136.4 Buffalo 601.2 370.8 Total 1 172.5 629.8

Feed energy needs of milch animals in dependence of average daily milk yields ME required (MJ x 10 9 ) Milk (kg/d) Maintenance Production Total 3.61 (05/06) 1247.6 573.9 1821.5 6 (Scenario 1) 749.9 573.9 1323.8 9 (Scenario 2) 499.9 573.9 1073.8 12 (Scenario 3) 374.9 573.9 948.8 15 (Scenario 4) 299.9 573.9 873.9

* Calculated based on Component Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Livestock revolution: Impact on energy and feed requirements 364.57 2683.22 1075.00 1608.22 89920 * 5.24 172 2020 (2005-06) 2020 (fixed LP Milk (million tons) 91.8 172 yield/day (kg) 3.6 6.76 Numbers (000) 69759 69759 Metabolizable energy requirements (MJ x 10 9 ) Maintenance 1247.64 1247.6 Production 573.94 1075.00 total 1821.58 23266.6 Feed Req.( m tons) 247.50 315.6

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Storage Balanced Nutrition Transportation Local Resource Utilization ECONOMICAL Courtesy of Lakshmi Shah Fortification and Densification