This presentation discuss about anesthesia, its stages and drugs belong to anesthetic category.

1. General Anaesthetics
Presented By: Priyanka N. Deshmukh
K.Y.D.S.C.T.’s college of pharmacy, Sakegaon

2. Definition:
General aesthetics are drugs which produce reversible loss of all
sensation and consciousness.
Stages of anaesthesia:
1. Analgesia
2. Excitement
3. Surgical anaesthesia
4. Medullary paralysis

3. 1. Analgesia
Lasts from onset of drowsiness to
loss of eyelash reflex.
Variable level of amnesia and
analgesia are seen in this stage.
2. Excitement
• Characterized by agitation and
delirium.
• Heart rate and respiration may be
irregular.

4. 3.Surgical anaesthesia
• Loss of spinal reflexes
• Skeletal muscle relaxation(This
property is very essential and is useful
in surgery.)
• Somatic - muscle relaxation and
disappearance of muscle tone.
4.Medullary paralysis
• Due to overdose
• Respiratory failure and
vasomotor collapse

5. General anaesthetic
Inhalation Intravenous
Slow acting Inducing agent
Gas Volatile liquids
Halothane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Ether
• Nitrous
oxide
• Thiopentone
• Methohexitone
• Propafol
Dissociative agents
ketamine
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Opioids
Fentenyl

6. Content Thiopental
Sodium
Ketamine Hydrochloride Propofol
Structure
Chemical Name Sodium;5-ethyl-4,6-dioxo-5-
pentan-2-yl-1H-pyrimidine-2-
thiolate
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-
(methylamino0cyclohexan-
1-one;hydrochloride
2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol
Physical
Properties
• Yellowish white powder
• Bitter taste
• Soluble in water
• Insoluble in ether
• White crystalline
powder
• Soluble in water
• Light-straw-coloured liquid
• BP- 256º and MP-18º
• Insoluble in water
• Soluble in alcohol, toluene

7. Content Thiopental Sodium Ketamine Hydrochloride Propofol
Uses • Used as a Used as a
General anesthetic.
• sedative, hypnotics and
anticonvulsant.
• Prevention and
treatment of cerebral
ischaemia.
General anaesthetic agent • Used as Parenteral anaesthetic
agent.
• For Maintenance of general
anesthesia.
• For Induction of general
anesthesia.
Storage • Tightly closed
container
• Stored at controlled
room temp. and
protected from light.
• Store protected from light under
an inert gas
Pharmaceutical
Formulation
• Thiopentone injection
I.P
• Ketamine
Hydrochloride Tablet.
• Ketamine
Hydrochloride
Injection.
• Propofol injection I.P.
• Propofol Tablet.
Dose • 3-5 mg/kg per day • I.V.1-2 mg/kg • For Maintenance:100-200mg/kg
• For Induction:I.V. bolus 2mg/kg
Brand Name • Intraval sodium
• Pentothal sodium
• Ketalar
• Ketamax
• Celofol
• Critifol