With this calendar, PerkinElmer Applied Genomics takes the opportunity to both celebrate biodiversity and to remind us that inaction is not an option anymore. Since we understand the importance of concrete actions, PerkinElmer pledges to make a donation to the University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Center every time a QR code on this calendar is scanned.

1. APPLIED GENOMICS
INTO the WIND
For the better of every living thing. | Applied Genomics & Biodiversity

2. The world is currently experiencing its sixth mass extinction
episode, and scientists estimate it risks losing about 50% of
animal species by the end of the century. Unlike other extinction
events, the current trend is not due to natural causes but is
driven by human activities resulting in habitat destruction, soil
and water pollution, and global warming.
Conservation scientists are facing many challenges stemming
from a lack of understanding of the biology and ecology of
many of the endangered species. It is now widely recognized
we don’t know how many animal species exist, what their
relationship is between each other, or how they relate with
humans. Without this information, it is impossible to draft and
implement rational conservation policies that have a real impact
on the survival of endangered species.
Applied genomics is finally providing scientists with much-
needed information on how species evolved, what their place
is in a specific habitat, and what their population dynamics
are. With this information, scientists can now understand why
certain species are affected more than others by environmental
changes and propose coherent countermeasures.
PerkinElmer Applied Genomics is assisting the conservation community with the tools needed to carry on the complex studies required
to unravel biodiversity dynamics. From high-throughput liquid handlers for nucleic acid isolation and manipulation, to next-generation
sequencing reagents, and QC instrumentation, PerkinElmer Applied Genomics offers everything needed to setup and operate complete
genomics workflows.
With this calendar, PerkinElmer Applied Genomics takes the opportunity to both celebrate biodiversity and to remind us that inaction
is not an option anymore. Since we understand the importance of concrete actions, PerkinElmer pledges to make a donation* to the
University of Texas at Austin, Biodiversity Center every time a QR code on ths calendar is scanned.
Learn more about how you can help at perkinelmer-appliedgenomics.com.With your help we can make an impact for the better.
APPLIED GENOMICS
*Restrictions apply. See website for details.

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There are currently more than 260 species of monkeys worldwide. Although some species are less
endangered than others, all of them are highly susceptible to environmental and climate change and
their numbers are closely monitored. The study of monkey genomes has revealed many surprising
facts about human evolution. For example, the separation event between humans and chimpanzees
was not rapid, but prolonged in time and characterized by extensive gene flow.
Thanks to the genomic information currently available,scientists routinely use single nucleotide
polymorphism analysis to estimate the size and variations of monkey populations in the wild
and make sure they are stable over time.
JANUARY
APPLIED GENOMICS
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4. FEBRUARY
APPLIED GENOMICS
Although frogs makeup the highest number of species of amphibians, they are undergoing a mass extinction. Local
population crashes and a general decline in the world frog population are seriously endangering the biodiversity of
many habitats. The leading causes of this phenomenon are thought to be deforestation, pesticide overuse, and climate
change. However, due to the complexity of the ecological relationships between frogs and their environment, it is
commonly accepted other causes may play a significant role and the topic is currently the subject of extensive research
within the biodiversity community.
Thanks to the thorough analysis of the frog genome,ecologists have reached unprecedented levels of understanding
the biology of these fascinating amphibians, providing conservationists with the tools required to draft and enact
more effective policies to reverse, and potentially cease, the decline in frog numbers.
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5. APPLIED GENOMICS
MARCH
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Hummingbirds play an essential role as pollinators and insectivores in many ecosystems.
Since hummingbird species are highly specialized, any changes in their environment can have
disastrous consequences.To date, 37 species of hummingbirds (about 10% of the total number
of species) risk extinction in the next ten years.
With ongoing genomic studies, scientists are beginning to clarify the phylogenetic
relationships between the different species of hummingbirds and understand why some
species are more susceptible than others to environmental changes.

6. APPLIED GENOMICS
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After a decline in population caused by the Colony Collapse Disorder from 2006-2011, the number of
honeybees has stabilized thanks to better beekeeping practices and the use of less toxic pesticides.
Despite its economic and environmental importance, the biology and ecology of the honeybee have been
elusive for many years. The publication of its genome in 2007 by a dedicated international consortium
has opened a new era in honeybee biology studies.
Comprehensive applied genomics efforts to understand all aspects of honeybee ecology, including
the identification and characterization of all bee parasites and microbial communities,are currently
underway to prevent and treat future threats to what is the only widely domesticated insect.

7. MAY
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APPLIED GENOMICS
Nearly all of the seven known species of sea turtles are listed as endangered, instilling a sense of
urgency in focused biopreservation efforts. Following the relatively recent publication of the turtle
genome, great strides have been made towards the understanding of their phylogenetic history
and molecular physiology. Extensive transcriptional profiling has shed light on unique regulatory
pathways, such as those involved in developing their protective shell, equipping them with
extraordinarily diversified olfaction, and providing them with unusual longevity.
This trove of information is shedding light on many aspects of turtle biology and ecology
that were previously poorly understood, laying a much-needed foundation for designing
valuable, fact-based conservation policies.

8. JUNE
APPLIED GENOMICS
Despite the thousands of years of cohabitation with humans, peafowls still reserve many
surprises. The sequencing of the peafowl genome has revealed a strong adaptive evolution in
some fundamental developmental pathways, such as TGF-ß, wnt, and BMP, suggesting that the
development of the peacock’s unique feather structure is an early event. Additionally, researchers
have observed a marked evolutionary divergence in immune system genes, conferring a stronger
resistance toward pathogens compared to related bird species.
A current working hypothesis suggests that the two evolutionary phenomena are correlated
and that both the feather display and physical health contribute to the same mechanism of
sexual selection operating within this species.
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9. JULY
APPLIED GENOMICS
One of the world’s most endangered species, tigers, have seen their numbers drop by more than 90% in less
than a century. With constant pressure from human activities, such as poaching or habitat destruction, tigers
are currently on the verge of extinction. Sequencing of the tiger genome has explained some fundamental
characteristics of the physiology of the tiger, such as its olfactory sensitivity and the requirement of maintaining
high metabolic rates. The publication of the tiger genome has also provided conservation scientists with an
invaluable tool for monitoring the dynamics of the tiger population in the wild.
Equipped with a reliable estimate of the number of tigers and a better understanding of their pedigrees and
genetic relationships, researchers are now in a position to propose and coordinate rational and successful
conservation efforts.
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10. AUGUST
APPLIED GENOMICS
Orangutans are the largest tree-climber mammals in the world. Due to their dependency on the forest
habitat, orangutans are especially affected by deforestation activities that are often carried out for
economic reasons within the areas they proliferate. To promote conservation efforts, and better
understand their phylogenetic relationship with other primates, the sequence of the two species of
orangutan were published in 2013.
Using these genomic sequences as a reference, conservation scientists are now able to
monitor, in real time, how the orangutan populations in the wild are changing over a period,
and decide whether decisive actions are required to prevent any further decline.
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11. SEPTEMBER
APPLIED GENOMICS
The Oryx genus consists of four different species of large antelopes, three of which reside in
the arid regions of Africa, while the fourth can be found in the Arabian Peninsula. Notably,
the wild population of Arabian oryx was exterminated, and the species was saved from
extinction by a breeding program of captive animals that have been released into the wild.
Thanks to the analysis of mitochondrial DNA markers, scientists have been able to
define population structures, resolve taxonomies, and, crucially, detect and ultimately
reduce illegal poaching and hunting.
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OCTOBER
With over 1,200 different species, bats represent more than 20% of mammalian biodiversity. As the
only mammals capable of sustainable flight, bats show many peculiar and unique characteristics. The
importance of understanding the details of bat biology stems from both their environmental influence,
since they are essential pollinators and keep the insect population under control, as well as their role as
hosts for many zoonotic viruses, such as coronaviruses and hantaviruses.
The comparative sequence analysis of different bat species has proven essential in understanding
their phylogenetic structure and shed light on how their improved immune system function makes
them ideal hosts for pathogenic agents.
APPLIED GENOMICS

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Approximately 10% of marine coral reef has been destroyed in the past 20 years and, if the trend is not
reversed, 50% of the remaining population of corals will be lost by 2030.The combination of local threats,
such as mining and habitat destruction, and global factors, such as the rising sea temperature, is putting
the world coral population under critical stress. The recent publication of multiple coral genomes has
exponentially increased our understanding of the biology of these organisms. The exceptional level of
genomic divergence between different species is possibly the most striking feature of coral genomics. By
studying this diversity, scientists are in the process of identifying the species-specific genes that render
some corals resilient to environmental changes.
Coral biologists are combining this knowledge to gene-engineering technologies and targeted
selective breeding, leading the way to reverse the current trend and restore the coral reefs to
their original condition.
NOVEMBER
APPLIED GENOMICS

14. DECEMBER
APPLIED GENOMICS
Five of the 18 species of penguins are currently listed as endangered, and almost all of them
face conservation challenges. Very little is understood about the mechanisms of these birds,
specifically their ability to live in the extreme habitat of theAntarctic continent,making it difficult
to design adequate conservation strategies.The sequencing of two penguin species, the Adélie
and emperor penguins, has shed light on some aspects of their physiology and revealed some
surprising facts. For example, the two species independently evolved different lipid metabolism
adaptations for living in frigid weather.
A deeper understanding of penguin biology will provide the seven countries signatories
of the Antarctic Treaty System with rational and coherent guidelines, to define effective
conservation policies and preserve these extraordinary birds.
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