OM VERMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING ABHANPUR RAIPUR C.G

1. Gracious college of nursing abhanpur raipur
DISORDERS OF THE AORTA
Presented by
OM VERMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

5. • Aortic valve stenosis

6. AORTIC ANEURYSM
AORTIC ANEURYSM

7. An aortic aneurysm is a bulge that occurs in the wall of the
major blood vessel (aorta) that carries blood from the heart to
the body. Aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere in the aorta
and may be tube-shaped (fusiform) or round (saccular).
Aortic aneurysms include:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic
Abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic
aneurysm occurs along the part of the aorta that passes
through the abdomen.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm. A thoracic aortic
aneurysm occurs along the part of the aorta that passes
through the chest cavity.

9. An aortic aneurysm is a bulge in the wall of the aorta,
the main artery from your heart. Aortic aneurysms
form in a weak area in the artery wall. They may
rupture (burst) or split (dissect), which can cause
life-threatening internal bleeding or block the flow of
life-threatening internal bleeding or block the flow of
blood from your heart to various organs.
According to luckmans

10. Acute aortic syndrome
It is a term for conditions affecting your
thoracic and abdominal aorta, two parts of
the large artery (aorta) that carries blood from
heart to body. These conditions include
heart to body. These conditions include
bleeding, sores (ulcers) or tears in aortic wall.

11. Aortic dissection
A tear in the inner layer of the large blood vessel branching off
the heart (aorta).
An aortic dissection is a medical emergency in which the inner
layer of the large blood vessel branching off the heart (aorta)
tears. It's most common in men in their 60s and 70s.
tears. It's most common in men in their 60s and 70s.
Symptoms include sudden, severe chest or upper back pain
that radiates to the neck or down the back, loss of
consciousness and shortness of breath.
Treatment may include surgery and medication, such as beta
blockers.

12. Intramural hematoma (IMH)
It is a life-threatening aortic disease
included within acute aortic syndrome,
together with aortic dissection and
together with aortic dissection and
penetrating aortic ulcer

14. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU)
Represent a pathological phenomenon in which
ulceration of atheromatous lesions of the aorta
penetrates the internal elastic lamina, reaching
penetrates the internal elastic lamina, reaching
the middle muscular layer. These ulcers are more
common in the descending thoracic aorta, being
rare in the ascending aorta.

15. The aorta is the largest artery (blood vessel) in
the body and carries oxygen-rich blood away
from the heart to all parts of the body. Aortic
AORTIC OCCLUSION
from the heart to all parts of the body. Aortic
occlusion is a blockage of the aorta
somewhere along its path. Aortic occlusion
can result in long-term damage to the organs.

16. Aortitis is the all-encompassing term ascribed
to inflammation of the aorta. The most common
causes of aortitis are the large vessel vasculitides, giant
cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis, ( the
Aortitis
cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis, ( the
inflammation damages the large artery that carries
blood from your heart to the rest of your body (aorta)
and its main branches. ) although it is also associated
with several other rheumatologic diseases.

17. Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis —
is a type of heart valve disease (valvular
heart disease). The valve between the lower
left heart chamber and the body's main artery
(aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully.
(aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully.
This reduces or blocks blood flow from the
heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body.1

19. High blood pressure
Infection
Plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis)
Plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis)
High cholesterol
Sudden traumatic injury

20. High blood pressure
The mechanism involved in the link between
blood pressure and AVD could be that higher
blood pressure can cause cell damage
leading to a loss of elasticity in the aorta and
leading to a loss of elasticity in the aorta and
stiffening of the aortic valve. High blood
pressure: Over time, high blood pressure can
damage artery walls, allowing plaque to build up.

21. Infection
In The condition is rare and is caused by an
infection in the aorta. The infection can
develop due to the presence of bacteria
after an aortic graft or bacteria originating in
another area and traveling to the aorta
through the bloodstream. A history of having
an aortic graft increases the risk of
developing an infection.

22. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats,
cholesterol and other substances in and on
the artery walls. This buildup is called
Plaque buildup in arteries (atherosclerosis)
the artery walls. This buildup is called
plaque. The plaque can cause arteries to
narrow, blocking blood flow. The plaque
can also burst, leading to a blood clot.

23. High cholesterol
High levels of 'bad' LDL
cholesterol in the blood stream
for a prolonged amount of time
for a prolonged amount of time
could increase risk of developing
the aortic disorders condition,

24. Aorta is punctured, torn or bruised it is
called traumatic aortic injury. This type of
injury most often occurs as a result of
a gunshot or knife wound or as a result
Sudden traumatic injury
a gunshot or knife wound or as a result
of motor vehicle accident. It is a life-
threatening medical condition and requires
emergency medical care.

25. Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm come on
suddenly and can include:
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Rapid heart rate.
Sudden, severe chest pain, abdominal pain or back pain.
Finding an aortic aneurysm before it ruptures offers best chance of
recovery. As an aortic aneurysm grows, you might notice symptoms
recovery. As an aortic aneurysm grows, you might notice symptoms
including:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Feeling full even after a small meal.
Pain wherever the aneurysm is growing (could be in your neck, back,
chest or abdomen).
Painful or difficult swallowing.
Swelling of your arms, neck or face.

26. DIAGNOSTIC TEST

27. Imaging tests that can find and
help diagnose an aortic aneurysm
include:
CT scan.
CT or MRI angiography.
Ultrasound.

31. AORTIC ANEURYSM SURGERY
Large aneurysms at risk of dissecting or rupturing may require surgery.
Your provider might use one of these types of surgical procedures to treat
an aortic aneurysm:
Open aneurysm repair: Your provider
removes the aneurysm and sews a graft (a
removes the aneurysm and sews a graft (a
section of specialized tubing) in place to repair
the artery. Open aneurysm repair surgery may
also be necessary if an aneurysm bursts.

32. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR):
Endovascular surgery is a minimally invasive
procedure to fix aortic aneurysms. During the
procedure, provider uses a catheter (thin tube) to
procedure, provider uses a catheter (thin tube) to
insert a graft to reinforce or repair the artery. This
procedure is also called thoracic endovascular
aneurysm repair (TEVAR) or fenestrated
endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR).

33. What surgery is done for aortic stenosis?
Aortic valve replacement.
Aortic valve replacement is often needed to treat
aortic valve stenosis. In aortic valve replacement,
aortic valve stenosis. In aortic valve replacement,
the surgeon removes the damaged valve and
replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve
made from cow, pig or human heart tissue
(biological tissue valve).

34. complications after surgery include:
Leaking blood around the graft
Formation of blood clots.
Formation of blood clots.
Infection.

35. Heart failure.
Stroke.
Blood clots.
Bleeding.
Bleeding.
Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Infections that affect the heart, such as
endocarditis.
Death.

36. PREVENTION
Having high blood pressure, high cholesterol or using
tobacco products increases your risk of developing an
aortic aneurysm. You can reduce risk by maintaining a
healthy lifestyle. This includes:
healthy lifestyle. This includes:
Eating a heart-healthy diet.
Getting regular exercise.
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Quitting smoking and using tobacco products.