Resins and Resin Combinations Resins, in general, are amorphous solid or semisolid substances that are invariably water insoluble but mostly soluble in alcohol or other organic solvents. However, physically they are found to be hard, translucent or transparent and fusible i.e., upon heating they first get softened and ultimately melt. But chemically, they are complex mixtures of allied substances, such as: resin acids, resin alcohols (or resinols), resinotannols, resin esters, glucoresins and the like. Another school of thought considers Resins as amorphous products having an inherent complex chemical entity. These are normally produced either in schizogenous or in sehizolysigenous ducts or in carities and are regarded as the end products of metabolism. The physical general characteristic features of resins are namely: hard, transparent, or translucent and, when heated they yield usually complex mixtures that comprise of resin acids, resin alcoholds, resinotannols, esters and resenes. Some researehers do believe that the resins are nothing but the oxidation products of the terpenes. They are found to be mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol and organic solvents. They are electrically nonconductive and combustible in nature.

1. CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology
Lecture
11
Chapter
3
Plas1cs
Balasubramanian
S
Assistant
Professor
(OG)
Department
of
Chemical
Engineering
1
Balasubramanian
S

2. Chapter
3
Plas1cs
Resins
Produc1on
of
Phenolic
and
Epoxy
resins
Polymers
and
their
Engineering
Proper1es
1
2
Overview of topics
2
3
Balasubramanian
S

3. 3
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S
Resin
is
also
hydrocarbon
secre1on
of
many
plants,
par1cularly
coniferous
trees.
It
is
valued
for
its
chemical
proper1es
and
associated
uses,
such
as
the
produc1on
of
varnishes,
adhesives,
and
food
glazing
agents;
as
an
important
source
of
raw
materials
for
organic
synthesis.
Resins
On
the
basis
of
deriva1on,
plas1cs
can
also
be
grouped
as
1. Natural
resins
2. Synthe1c
resins
3. Cellulose
deriva1ves
4. Protein
products
Resins

4. 4
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S
Thermose,ng
Resins
Thermoplas1c
Resins
Cellulose
deriva1ve
Polymer
resin
Phenolic
resins
Cellulose
nitrate
Vinyl
Amino
resins
Cellulose
acetate
Polyamides
Alkyd
resins
Ethyl
cellulose
Polyethylene
Epoxy
resins
Cellulose
propionates
Polypropylene
Polyester
Cellulose-­‐acetate
butyrates
Fluorocarbons
Polyamides
Ethyl
cellulose
Polysulfonates
Types of resins and plastics with some common trade name

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S
Phenolic Resin

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S
Phenolic Resin
Steam
Water
Phenol
Formaldehyde
Sulfuric
acid
Phenol-­‐Cresol
Process
Ac1vators
Dyes
Phenolic
Resins

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Phenolic Resins Production

8. 8
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S
Phenolic
resins
1. Packing
films
and
sheets
2. Containers
3. Wire
cable
insula1on
4. Pipes
5. Coa1ngs,
molds,
and
toys
etc.,
Uses of phenolic resins

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S
Kettle or Auto Clave Reactor

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S
Ribbon Blender

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S
Hammer Mill

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S
Amino Resins – Urea Formaldehyde

13. 13
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S
Ball Mill

14. 14
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S
Epoxy resins
Bisphenol
A
+
Epichlorohydrin
Epoxide
groups
or
polymer

15. 15
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S
Resin Properties and its Applications
Resin
Types
Proper1es
Applica1ons
Epoxies
Excellent
chemical
Resistance,
good
electrical
and
thermal
proper1es
adhesion
proper1es,
strong
and
tough
with
low
shrinkage
Laminates,
Adhesives,
Floorings
and
linings
Phenolics
Good
strength,
heat
stability,
and
impact
resistance,
high
resistance
to
moisture
penetra1on
and
chemical
corrosion
Electrical
components,
structural
boards,
Laminates,
glues,
and
adhesives
Polystyrene
Low
cost,
east
of
processing,
excellent
resistance
to
acids,
and
bases,
so]ened
by
hydrocarbons,
and
transparency
Insula1on,
pipe,
foams,
thin
walled
containers,
appliances
and
rubbers.
Polyamides
Tough,
strong
and
easily
moldable;
light;
abrasion
resistance;
good
chemical
resistance;
low
coefficient
of
fric1on.
Unlubricated
bearings;
1res;
watch
straps;
packaging
and
boales.

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S
Polymers in engineering applications
Binder:
This
is
usually
a
resin
or
cellulose
deriva1ve
Fillers:
Cellulose,
Coaon
fibers,
Glass
fibers
or
fabrics
may
be
added
to
increase
strength
Plas1cizers:
Plas1cizers
are
organic
chemicals
added
to
synthe1c
plas1cs
in
order
to
(I) Improve
the
workability
during
fabrica1on
(II)
Reduces
the
viscosity
of
the
resin
and
also
impart
flexibility
to
finished
product
Lubricants:
Lubricants
such
as
stearates
and
other
metallic
soaps
are
used
par1cularly
in
cold-­‐molding
compounds
to
facilitate
the
molding
opera1on

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S
Polymers in engineering applications
Engineering
plas1cs
are
high-­‐strength;
high
performance
materials
that
can
be
subs1tuted
for
many
metal
uses.
There
are
wide
variety
of
engineering
plas1cs
available.
Each
one
has
its
own
special
proper1es,
and
thus
care
must
be
taken
in
choosing
a
resin
of
par1cular
use.
These
materials
are
o]en
the
usual
plas1cs
but
have
been
carefully
manufactured
to
posses
extra
quality
proper1es.
These
materials
shows
beaer
resistance
towards
wear
impact
and
corrosive
chemicals
and
have
excellent
electrical
proper1es.
Some
of
the
uses
of
engineering
plas1cs
are
automobile
bumpers
and
dash
boards,
pumps,
valves
and
gears,
drive
sha]s
and
transmission
in
heavy
duty
equipment.

18. 18
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S
1.
Dryden
C.
E,
Outlines
of
Chemical
technology
–
for
the
21st
Century,
3rd
edi1on,
East-­‐West
Press
(2004)
2.
Aus1n
G.
T,
Shreve’s
Chemical
Process
Industries,
5th
edi1on,
Mc
Graw
Hill
Interna1onal
edi1ons
(1984)
References

19. 19
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S
Thank
you