Introduction, Types of allergen, and their examples

1. Natural Allergens
Presented by
OPVerma
Associate Professor
Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences
Lucknow
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2. NATURAL ALLERGENS
Introduction
• The untoward immunological reaction to an allergen seen in a
patient with defective immune system is called as Allergy. The
groups of substances that cause allergic manifestation are called
as Allergens.
• Allergens are inciting agents of allergy i.e. The substances
capable of sensitizing the body in such a way that an unusual
response occurs , in hypersensitive person.
• It may be of biologic, chemical, or of synthetic origin.
• The substance such as pollens, dust etc. act as natural
allergens.
• Chemically allergens are protein or glycoprotein . 2
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3. TYPES OFALLERGENS
•Inhalant allergens
•Ingestant allergens
•Injectant allergens
•Contactant allergens
•Infectant allergens
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4. •Inhalant allergens are air borne substances as chemicals,
causing respiratory disease, inflammation in nose and lungs.
•Inhalant allergies caused by environmental factors such as
pollen, pets, house dust mites and moulds.
•Inflammation in nose & lungs may cause Hay fever & Asthma.
INHALANTALLERGENS
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1. INHALANTALLERGENS
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5. SYMPTOMS
 Sneezing
 Lacrimation
 Coughing and post nasal drip
 Itching eyes, nose and throat
 Allergic shiner
 Allergic salute
 Watering eyes, conjunctivitis
Dust mites
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Cynodon dactylon
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6. 2. INGESTANTALLERGENS
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 Allergens which are present in food stuff and swallowed are
termed ingestant (food allergy).
 A food allergy is an immune system response to a food.
 When foods are digested and the nutrients are absorbed,
substances in the food (ingestant allergens) stimulate allergic
response. These reactions cause a number of allergic symptoms.
 Some most common food allergens ingested by patients are milk,
egg, peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat, orange juice, cod
liver oils, etc.
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7. SYMPTOMS
 Food allergens ordinarily cause GIT symptoms, but they may
also cause:
 Skin rash
 Puffed lips and tongue
 Migraine
 Rhinitis
 Bronchial asthma
 Severe cases of eczema of hands
FOODALLERGENS
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8. 3. INJECTANT ALLERGENS
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 The injectants (injectable preparations and insects) cause
allergy in hypersensitive person, allergic conditions is known
injectants allergy.
 Symptoms
• Itching of the palms of hands and soles of feet
• Erythema
• Peeling of skin
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9.  The natural sources of injectable allergens are produced by
the sting of bees, hornets and wasps.
 In addition to penicillin products, other injectable that may
cause allergies are liver extract, antitoxins and the glandular
products.
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10. 4.CONTACTANT ALLERGENS
 “Any allergens they produce manifestation of
hypersensitivity at the site of skin or other mucous".
 Aeroallergens, such as the various pollen grains containing
oils, trichomes from various leaves, flowers and small
fragments of plants tissue carried by smoke originating from
brush fires, grass fires and burning leaves are also cause for
contact allergens.
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11.  A Number of plants products used as additives in
cosmetics and perfumes are irritants and cause skin
allergy to some hypersensitive individuals.
 Wool fat in cosmetics, soap and soap powders, plain
detergents and enzyme detergents, nail polishes, hair dye and
hair spray are also included among the major cause of
contact dermatitis.
Parthenium hysterophorus
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12. 5. INFECTANT ALLERGENS
Allergy caused by the metabolic product of living micro-
organism in the human body.
 The continual presence of certain types of bacteria,
protozoa's, molds, helminths and other parasites in the
body of human being are responsible for chronic infection.
 In such patient bacterial metabolic waste are considered to be
infectant allergens.
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13. Reference
 A. N. Kalia "textbook of industrial pharmacognosy"
CBS publishers & distributors. Page no.188-203.
 Varro E. Tyler, Lynn R. Brandy, James E. Robbers
"Pharmacognosy" 9th Edition.
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