Factors That Affecting Language Learning Strategies : Prof. Dato' Dr Mohamed Amin Embi

1. GGGE6533 PENGAJARAN STRATEGI
PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA
Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Amin
Embi
5 Factors That Affecting Language Learning
Strategies
By : Nur Syafiqah Kamar (P76307)

2. EXPERIE
NCE IN
STUDYIN
G
LANGUA
GE
GENDE
R
PROFICIENC
Y
LANGU
AGE
LEARNI
NG
STYLE
MOTIVAT
ION

3. FACTOR 1 :MOTIVATION
• Strong relationship between LLS and motivation, extrinsic and
intrinsic (Chang & Huang ,1999, as cited in Kamarul & Amin,
2012) :
- Student with intrinsic motivation opted to deploy cognitive
and metacognitive strategies.
- Students with extrinsic motivation preferred memory and
affective strategies.
• Two types of motivation is :
1) Intergrative/Universal – to intergrate
with the language community / users
2) Instrumental/Concrete – to get grade, for
career development, for leisure reading

4. • Based on the result of Khamkhien’s (2010)
study, it shows that motivation can be a
significant factor contributing to the LLS
employed by learners but it is also influenced
by their nationalities
• Student ‘s motivation in influenced by their
learning goals, purposes or reasons of
learning the L2, as well as clear application to
real-life contexts. (Rahimi, Riazi & Saif, 2008)

5. FACTOR 2 : EXPERIENCE IN STUDYING A
LANGUAGE
• Purdie & Oiver (1999) said the students who had
been in Australia for a longer period of time
obtained significantly higher mean scores for
cognitive strategies and for memory strategies.
• Studying abdroad is deemed to have an in
influence on students thought and learning style,
especially in their actual ability in language
learning (Opper, Teichler & Carlson, 1990)
• Students experience in studying English has an
effect on the choices of language learning
strategies, particulary in the use of Cognitive and
Metacognitive categories in learning English.

6. FACTOR 3 : GENDER
• Female students has been reported in many
studies to deploy greater overall LLS compared to
males (Oxford&Nyikos, 1989; Oxford, 1994; Noor
Zainab, Fauziah, Azian&Babikkoi, 2012; Farzad,
Mahnaz&NedaSalahshour, 2013).
• Base on the data that reported by Hong-Nam &
Leavell (2006),from an investigated learning
strategy use of 55 students learning English with
different cultural and linguistic background show,
mean differences revealed that females engaged
in strategy use more frequently than males.

7. • However, gender is not a factor that
contributes to the different choice of language
learing strategies (Chang, 1990; Chou, 2002;
as cited in Kamarul&Mohemed Amin, 2012;
Khamkhien, 2008)
• Khamkhien (2008) siad, the result maybe
affected by other variables, for example
ethnic background, cultural, language
learning envoirement, and the number of
participants of each gender for the current
study.

8. FACTOR 4 : PROFICIENCY
• Proficient learners applied all types of
strategies more frequently than the lower
ones (Adel, 2011; Farzad, Mahnaz &
NedaSalahshour, 2013).
• Students learning experience and their
awarness of the learning processes have
impact on their choice of LLS the higher the
proficiency level of the students, the more
aware of thee rules and strategies og
language learning (Rahimi, Riazi & Saif,
2008).

9. FACTOR 5 : LANGUAGE LEARNING STYLE
• Niel Fleming VARK model categorizeleaners into
visual leaner, auditory lenaer, read and write
leaner and kinesthetic learner.
• Ehrman and Oxford (1989) said, an individual’s
learning style preferences influence the type of
learning strategies thet they use.
• Learners who favor group are shown to use social
and interactive strategies, such as working with
peers or requesting clarification (Rossi-Le, 1995).

10. REFERENCES
Adel, A. R. 2011. Effects of L2 proficiency and gender on choice of language learning strategies by university
students majoring in English. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly. 13 (1), 114-162.
From http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/PDF/March-2011.pdf#page=114
Farzad, S., Mahnaz, S. & NedaSalahshour. 2013. The relationship between language learning strategy use,
language proficiency level and learner gender. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences 70.
634-643. From http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877042813001043
Kamarul Shukri Mat Teh & Mohamed Amin Embi. 2012. Variasi Penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa.
Dlm. Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa, hlm. 79-105. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Khamkhien, A. 2010. Factors affecting language learning strategy reported usage by Thai and
Vietnamese EFL students. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching. 7(1), 66-85.
From http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/v7n12010/khamkhien.pdf
Mohammad Rahimi, Abdolmehdi Riazi & Shahrzad Saif. 2008. An investigation into the factors affecting the
use of language learning strategies by Persian EFL learners. Canadian Journal of Applied
Linguistics(CJAL).11(2),31-60.
From http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/CJAL/article/view/19915/21770,
Oxford,R.1994.anguageLearningStrategies:Anpdate.ERICDigest.
From http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED376707.pdf
Chang, C.Y. 2007. A Study of Language Learning Strategies Used by College EFL Learners in Taiwan
Rossi-Le, L. 1989. Perceptual Learning Style Preferences and their relationship to Language Learning Strategies
in adult students of English as a Second Language