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Agriculture – is an Art, Science and business in raising plants and
animals
Divisions of Agriculture
v Animal Science
v Agronomy
v Horticulture
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Animal Science is best described as the study of the biology of animals that is
under human control
It is also described as the management and production of farm animals. It is
also called as Animal Husbandry
Animal Science deal mainly on the study of anatomy, physiology, care,
management and production of animals
Animal Science is concerned with the science and business of producing
domestic animals, including but not limited to cattle, buffalo, horses,
swine, sheep, goats and poultry
Animal Science
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These will applies the different principles of the biological, physical
and social sciences to the problems associated with animal production
and management
If you want to be an animal science major, you will be inculcated
with in depth knowledge of the following:
1. animal production
2. Animal breeding and reproduction,
3. animal care and management
4. Animal health
5. Processing and marketing of animal products
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ØWe must be aware that we are the caretakers and beneficiaries of
livestock and poultry production
ØAnd why animal science is important to the population?
Animals have many contributions to the human population, these
includes;
Food
Clothing
Livelihood
Work
Companionship
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Food contribution of the animals alone, can directly
define the relationship between the human and animals.
Increase in human population means there is also an
increase in animal contribution.
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Man, Animal and Ecosystem.
Man’s role in relation to plants and animals is beautifully defined
in Genesis 1:28-29 of the Holy Bible when God said to Adam and Eve:
“Be fertile and multiple, fill the earth and subdue it. Have
dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air and over all the
living things that move on earth”. God also said, “See I give you every
seed- bearing plant all over the earth and every tree that has seed-
bearing fruit on it to be your food; and to all the animals of the land,
all the birds of the air and all the living creatures that crawl on the
ground, I give all the green plants for food”.
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ØAn ecosystem is a community of living
organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in
conjunction with the non-living components
of the environment (things like air, water, and
mineral soil), interacting as a system.
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In an ecosystem the continued growth of plants and animals
depends on maintenance of the balance between the food
producers (plants) and the food consumers (animals and man).
Figure 1. Shows the components of an ecological system and
their interrelationships.
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Animal and Their Economic Utility
Notwithstanding the relative inefficiency of animals in the production of food,
they are important components of the food production system. They have distinctive
attributes that enhance the ability of an agricultural system to produce food for
human:
1. Animals can feed on and convert plants and other materials which would
have otherwise gone to waste, into rich human food.
2. Animal products have chemical composition that closely resemble man’s
dietary requirements, and therefore more digestible and nutritious.
3. Used as draft, transport and amusement
4. Create other animal industries
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While food is the most important contribution of animals
to human welfare, animals have been domesticated by
man to provide him with the skin and hairs for clothing and
shelter, animal power for transport traction and beauty,
amusement and companion.
Table 1 gives the most important species of animals that
have been domesticated by for their economic value.
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SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME MAIN USES
Livestock/Mammals:
Horses
Ass
Mule
Camel
Cattle
Buffalo
Sheep
Goat
Pigs
Rabbit
Poultry:
Chicken
Mallard Ducks
Muscovy ducks
Goose
Turkey
Pigeon
Quail
Guinea fowl
Equius caballos
Equius asinus
(Hybrid of male Ass and mare)
Camelus dromedaries
Bos taurus/indicus
Bubalus bubalis
Ovis aries
Capra hircus
Sus scrofa/vitatus
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Gallus gallus
Anas boschas
Cairina moschata
Anser anser/domisticus
Meleagris gallopavo
Columbia livia
Coturnix coturnix
Numida meleagridis
Traction, transport & amusement
Traction and transport
Traction and transport
Transport
Meat, milk, hide, traction & transport
Meat, milk, traction & transport
Meat, milk, and hair (wool)
Meat and milk
Meat
Meat and skin
Meat, eggs & amusement
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and eggs
Meat and amusement
Meat and eggs
Meat
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Animal Agriculture and the Population Problems
Even as the animals that are commonly raised for food are already
quite extensively produced, they are not enough to meet the world’s
protein needs.
With the ever-increasing human population and the attendant
contraction of load for agricultural production, the challenge to produce
more animal food products is becoming more and more severe. In recent
years, the rate of increase of Filipinos is already overtaking the growth in
livestock production in the Philippines.
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Animal Science and the animal Industry
Through technological advances in animal science, the animal industry in
the Philippines has developed from a basically backyard and self-
subsistence production system.
Through technological advances in animal science, the animal industry in
the Philippines has developed from a basically backyard and self-
subsistence production system.
The successfully well to the changing conditions of the biological, physical
and socio-economic and political environments
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The development of:
more efficient and productive breeds and varieties of
animals through breeding,
of cheaper and more nutritious feed materials for animal
feed,
of new drugs and feed additives,
of new systems of housing and management that more
economically improves the health and performance of animals,
of cheaper and more economical processing of animal
products, etc.
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1.why do you study animals science? How it is important
to a particular country?
2. Why do plant considered producers?
Quiz no. 1
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Quiz No. 2
1. Explain the relationship of Animal science and Animal
industry?
2. Differentiate livestock and poultry animals?
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Animal Science Glossary of Terms
General Terms:
Parturition - Act of delivery of young/ Act of giving birth
Calving – act of giving birth in cows
Farrowing – act og giving birth in sows
Kidding – act of giving birth in goats
Foaling – act of giving birth in Mares
Lambing – act lf giving birth in Ewes
Gestation – pregnancy, time from conception to birth.
Conception – act of fertilization
Dam – female parent
Sire – male parent
Fertility – ability to produce fertilizable ova and to provide proper environment
for and initiating cell division and embryonic development.
- Ability to produce large number of sperm capable of fertilization.
Fecundity/Prolificacy – ability to give birth to offspring frequently
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Sterility – inability to produce normal young
Impotency – failure to copulate
Puberty – sexual maturity as exhibited by first heat or ovulation.
Weanling – young animal, after separation from its dam.
B. Cattle - Bos taurus/Bos indicus and Carabao (Bubalus bubalis/
Bubalus carabanensis
Ox – ruminant member of bovine family
Cattle – domesticated bovine animals
Bull – male breeding cattle of any age
Cow – mature female ox, one that has given birth
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Heifer – young female ox under 3 years of age, usually one that has not yet
given birth.
Steer – male ox castrated before sexual maturity.
Stag – male ox after sexual maturity
Calf – young ox of either sex under one year of age
Bull calf – young male calf under one year of age
Carabull – carabao bull
Bullock – usually a stag for draft purposes
Caraheifer – young female carabao under three year of age that has not yet
given birth
Caracow – mature female carabao that has given birth
Transmitting ability – the ability of an animal to pass on either good or bad traits
to its progeny
Proven sire – bull about whom one have sufficient unselected information to
indicate his transmitting ability
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C. Horse (Equus caballus)
Stallion – mature male horse; If the horse is used for breeding purposes,
the term studhorse is preferred.
Mare – mature female horse; Broodmare is the term for the female horse
used for breeding purposes.
Colt – young male horse usually up to 3 years old
Filly – young female horse usually up to 3 years old
Foal – young horse of either sex below one year of age
Gelding – horse which was castrated white young
Yeld mare or dry mare – one which has not yet produced any young
during the breeding season
Ridgeling – stallion with only one testis or none in its scrotum
Equitition – horsemanship, the act of riding on horseback
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D. Swine (Sus scrofa/ Sus vitatus/Sus domisticus)
Boar – male pigs of any age
Sow – mature female pig that has given birth
Gilt – young female pig under one year of age, usually one that has
not yet given birth
Shote – young pig of either sex, weighing approximately 60 kgs.
Barrow – male pig which was castrated while young; or male pig that
was castrated before secondary sex characters have developed.
Stag – a male pig castrated after sexual maturity
Weanling – young pigs separate from the sow, about 4-5 weeks old
Suckling – young pigs from birth up to weaning
Litter – group of pigs born in one farrowing
Litter size – the number of young pigs born in one farrowing
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E. Sheep and Goat (Ovis aries and Capra hircus)
Ram – male sheep of any age for breeding purposes
Ewe – female sheep of any age
Lamb – young sheep of either sex below one year of age
Wether sheep – male sheep which was castrated while young
preferably between 1-3 weeks of age
Shearling - yearling sheep with two teeth
Fleece – wool covering the sheep
Billy goat or buck – mal goat of any age
Pelt – wool and skin of a sheep
Doe – female goat of any age
Kid – young goat of either sex below one year of age
Wether goat – male goat castrated before the secondary sex characters
have developed
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F. Poultry: Chicken (Gallus gallus/Gallus domisticus); Mallard (Anas platyrinchos); Muscovy
(Cairina muschata; Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo); Pigeon (Columbia livia); Quail (Coturnix
coturnix); Geese (Cygnopsis cygnoides)
Poultry – collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic service to man.
Chicken – one of the more common poultry species different from turkeys, ducks
geese etc.
Chick – young chicken while in the down stage
Rooster – a male fowl one year old of over
Cockerel – a male fowl less than one year old
Capon – a caponized male, readily distinguished by the undeveloped comb and
wattles
Pulltet – a female fowl less that one old
Drake – a male duck
Duck – a female duck
Duckling – a young duck in the down stage
Plumage – the feathers of a fowl
Poult – the young of the domestic turkey
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G. Meat and Meat Products
Beef – meat of cattle one year old and above
Veal – meat of cattle less than one year old
Pork – meat of swine/pig/hog
Venison – meat of deer
Mutton – meat of sheep one year old and above
Lamb – meat of sheep less than one year of age
Chevon – meat of goat
Horsemeat meat of horse
Carabeef/caraveal – meat of carabao
Game meat – meat of game animals (wild or hunted)
