This document summarizes information about biofuels. It defines biofuels as solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels derived from biomass or living organisms. It discusses various biomass resources that can be used, such as agricultural crops and residues. It also outlines some of the technologies used to produce biofuels, including chemical/transesterification, physical/chemical extraction, and biochemical/fermentation processes. The document notes benefits of biofuels like being renewable and reducing greenhouse gases, but also mentions drawbacks like potentially being less sustainable or impacting food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and save foreign currency.

1. BIO-FUEL
S h a k i l u r R a h m a n
S t u d e n t I D : 0 9 0 7 0 4 5
An assignment on
B.Sc. Agricultural & Bio-resources Engineering (2009)
Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur
Submitted by,
Submitted to,
Faculty of Agro-Industrial & Food Process Engineering.
Professor Dr. MD. Kamal Uddin Sarkar

2. BIO FUEL:
It may be defined as solid, liquid, or
gaseous fuel consisting of, or derived
from biomass; recently living
organisms, or their metabolic
byproducts, such as manure from cow.
Biofuel is being used ever since man discovered
fire; Wood. Natural gas from biomass had been
used since a very long time for the production of
electricity. This form of fuel was discovered even
before the discovery of the fossil fuels. August otto
first proposed his engine to run by ethanol. Rudolf
Diesel designed his diesel engine to run in peanut
oil.

3. Biomass resources
Oil bearing plants
(Agricultural crops and residues)
Woody biomass
Industrial and municipal waste.
Rape,palm,
soya, jatropha,
canola, colza etc.
Sugarcane, Maize,
Wheat and many other

4. • Renewable, Sustainable
• Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Cleanly Burning
• Increasing Energy Security
• Boosting Profitability of Agriculture
• Controlling Wastes
Socio-economic Aspect
Environment Aspect
Why Bio-fuel ?

5. Primary
fraction or
liquification
Biomas
s
Residue
Hydrocarbon rich
fraction
Conventional
fuels and
chemicals
De-oxygenation
Co-processing in
conventional
petroleum refinery
Derivative of
hemicelluloses
and cellulose
Conversion
Oxygenated
products.
Blending
Lignin rich
fraction
Energy production
How Biofuel Can be produced?
Hydrocarbon
rich fraction

6. Chemical (transesterification)
Physical chemical
(extraction)
Biochemical (fermentation)
Thermochemical (gasification):
Technologies used for Bio-fuel Production
Any chemical or heat process used
to convert a substance to a gas;
The process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester
with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.
It is the process of deriving energy from
the oxidation of organic compounds

7. Current state of Bio-Fuel
• India, Indonesia, Malaysia and China are
producing biodiesel successfully from
Jatropha curcus and oil palm.
• Green diesel is a form of diesel fuel which
is derived from renewable feedstock rather
than the fossil feedstock become much
popular Ireland
•14.3% of the US corn harvest was used to
produce ethanol annually Energetically
equivalent to 1.72% of US gasoline use
(2005).
• 1.5% of the US soybean harvest produced
biodiesel annually 0.09% of US diesel use
(2005).

8. Scientist has been divided in two
Opinion. One group thinks
Biofuel is a suitable replacement
of fossil fuels,
Another group considers it as a
threat on world food security.
Like many of the under developed and
developing country, Bangladesh is also
affected by food deficiency. It is a risk
to produce biofuel from crops other
than producing food products.
Fuel vs. Food security

9. • Bangladesh annually imports about 3.5 million
tons of different fuel oils.
• 1.45 million tons diesel, 380 tons kerosene,
• 1.3 million tons are crude oil,
• 215 tons jet fuel and 155,000 tons petrol
and octane .
We have some native plants which grow well in the fallow lands and also can play a
major role when converted to biodiesel or directly used as a source of alternative fossil
fuel .
There are many other indigenous plant seeds available in Bangladesh and these should be
investigate for there potentiality to produce oil.
Biofuel in aspect of Bangladesh :
a) Jatropha seed b) Karanj seed c) Castor seed d) Rubber seed
According to a report, “In the 2007/2008 fiscal year,
Bangladesh needs $4.5 billion for oil imports and
repayments of BPC's loans, compared with $3.2
billion in the previous year.” The transportation
sector (road, rail, river and air) in Bangladesh
consumes approximately 50% of the petroleum
imports. If 10% of the diesel and gasoline can be
replaced with biodiesel and ethanol, significant
amount of hard earned foreign currency can be
saved.

10. • Biofuels, particularly those derived from
palm biodiesel blends, may be more
carcinogenic than conventional fuels.
• Bio-fuels Isn’t truly carbon‐neutral
because of the stages of production,
transportation and processing require
nonrenewable energy.
• Fermentation and distilling of first
generation Biofuels create negative net
energy.
• Threat to food security in poor countries.
• May destroy traditional crop production
Drawbacks

11. Future of Biofuel
• Economically feasible
production of ethanol from
cellulose could happen within 10
years.
• Safe and pollution less Bio-fuel
Factory will be constructed
• Improved and efficient bio-gas
plant will be invented
•New and less costly Energy
source will take place.
• Food Security will be regained.
• Fuel and food price will
decrease.

12. Termination!
The developed countries are investigating significant amount of
resources to develop sustainable renewable energy. Though the
solution taken by some specific countries is not the recipe for all other
countries but, developing countries should start formulating policies to
tap into the developed technologies at an early stage. In particular they
should leverage their position with respect to green house gas and
global warming. There is no need to reinvent the wheel of Biofuels in
every country.
Bangladesh should and must explore all possible avenues to provide
renewable energy to its current and future citizens; this is not only good
for the environment of the country, it makes economic sense to rely on
one’s natural resources