How connected Autonomous vehicles will change our Highways and Cities? Lets's go through the document and understand some facts, possibilities and endless future opportunities.

1. Course Title: Transportation Engineering – 1
Course Code: CEE 361
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3. An autonomous vehicle is something that can guide itself without human
conduction. An autonomous vehicle is also known as a driverless vehicle,
robot vehicle, self-driving vehicle or simply autonomous vehicle.
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4. • we spend a lot of time and money commuting to work in vehicles.
• Statistics show that 86% of workers in the U.S. drive to work in a car, taking
an average of 200 hours per year, and spending $2,600 in fuel.
• In Canada, the numbers are comparable, with 74% of the commuters driving
their vehicle, taking 211 hours annually.
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5. • According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association, drivers cause
an overwhelming 94 percent of vehicle crashes. So what happens when you
remove drivers from the equation?
• Now imagine instead, effortlessly riding to work in a synchronized stream of
self-driving vehicles or an autonomous shuttle bus that delivers you right to
your workplace. This is the future for our cities and highways.
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6. • Autonomous vehicle use various kinds of technologies. They can be built with
GPS sensing knowledge to help with navigation. They may use sensors and
other equipment to avoid collisions. They also have the ability to use a range
of technology known as augmented reality, where a vehicle displays
information to drivers in new and innovative ways.
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7. • Many technologies in vehicles today are a form of autonomous technology
(known as different “levels” of autonomous technology). For example,
parking assistance features or back-up cameras use basic functions of
autonomous technology.
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8. Now, Let us think about the challenges we have to face due to the
implementation of autonomous vehicle.
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9. • Road conditions: Road conditions could be highly unpredictable and vary
from places to places. In some cases the external signals for direction
are not very clear.
• Weather conditions: Weather conditions play another spoilsport. There
could be a sunny and clear weather or rainy and stormy weather.
Autonomous vehicles should work in all sorts of weather conditions.
There is absolutely no scope for failure or downtime.
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10. • Internet hacking: Internet hacking is the most critical challenge we have to
deal with as the whole system is network based. Any bad interruption will
make the situation much more worse.
• Accident Liability: The most important aspect of autonomous vehicles is
accidents liability. Who is liable for accidents caused by a self-driving
vehicle?
• Traffic conditions: Autonomous vehicles would have to get onto the road
where they would have to drive in all sorts of traffic conditions. They would
have to drive with other autonomous vehicles on the road, and at the same
time, there would also be a lot of humans. An object may turn up in
unexpected conditions.
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11. While we are nearing the point of full autonomy, it will still be a while
before we see these vehicles active on the road outside of
testing/research scenarios.
Changes needed before autonomous vehicles hit the road:
• Develop and pass autonomous driving laws.
• Revise municipal transportation plans.
• Improve road markings and lane lines.
• Update traffic signs.
• Design and install smart traffic controls and vehicle ID systems.
• Smarter Roads.
• Smarter Traffic Signals.
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12. • K. Vasel. (2016, Jun. 17). We spend $2,600 a year commuting to work.
CNN Money. [Online]. Available:
http://money.cnn.com/2015/06/17/pf/work-commute-time-and-
money/index.html
• D. Veoni. (2017, Sep. 29). Self-driving cars are coming, but US roads
aren’t ready for the change. The Hill. [Online]. Available:
http://thehill.com/opinion/technology/353034-self-driving-cars-are-
coming-but-us-roads-arent-ready-for-the-change
• Ford. The City of Tomorrow: The future of urban transportation is being
built today. Mashable. [Online].
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13. THANK YOU
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