This paper aims to review one of the valuable large scale architectural/structural projects, Kansai International Airport, that may provide insights for some of the large scale developments today. Aims To gain a better understanding of land reclamation process as one of the cutting edge techniques for gaining land for human to live on the earth To acquire better knowledge about some of the engineering advancements in the world To get a deeper understanding of the process of problem-solving in planning and design of large scale projects To develop our knowledge about inter-disciplinary design among architecture and civil engineering

1. TOPIC : CONSTRUCTING AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ON AN
ARTIFICIAL ISLAND: THE CASE STUDY OF KANSAI AIRPORT
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY OF LEFKE
Faculty of Architecture
RMPE501 – Research Method and Practice Ethic

2. OUT LINE
• Abstract
• Aims
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Conclusion
• Statement of interest
• References

3. ABSTRACT AND AIMS
This paper aims to review one of the valuable large scale architectural/structural
projects, Kansai International Airport, that may provide insights for some of the large
scale developments today.
Aims
• To gain a better understanding of land reclamation process as one of the cutting
edge techniques for gaining land for human to live on the earth
• To acquire better knowledge about some of the engineering advancements in the
world
• To get a deeper understanding of the process of problem-solving in planning and
design of large scale projects
• To develop our knowledge about inter-disciplinary design among architecture and
civil engineering

4. INTRODUCTION
During the history japan has always been in the need of more
land to be reclaimed from the sea for growing rice and other
agricultural products. The long history of land reclamation goes
back to edo era between seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
Avoiding The noise pollution and land-acquisition was the main
reason that the kansai international airport was built 5 km far from
the coast of senshi in 18-to 20 m deep sea water.the construction
process of first island started in 1987 and later on in 1994 the
construction of first runway finalised, following with the
construction of second island in 1999 and beginning of the
operation of second runway.

5. ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS
LITERATURE REVIEW
The structure that has artificially been made by humans and not by
natural forces is called artificial island and it can be diverse in form
and size and it can also function as a mean to serve touristic and
industrial goals.
HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS
Today Consturcting artificial islands is becoming more conventional
although the history of this technique roots in ancient times.
Constructing islands for the purpose of oil exploration, coal mine
ventilation,and coastal military base has been widespread in 17th
century. There have been constructed more than 1000 square
kilometers of artificial islands in surroundings of country of Japan.
The technological advancements today allows us to build islands in
75-meter-deep waters.

6. As there are less land available today for different land use purposes there is a growing need for constructing
artificial islands, purposes such as:
o Extensions for airport runways
o Producing energy by wind force in seawater
o Mining under the sea waters to extract mineral materials
o Platforms for drilling in oil industry
o Recreational and tourist facilities such as parks and hotels
o Development of infrastructure of airports and ports
KEY ELEMENTS FOR DESIGNING ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS ARE AS FOLLOWS
o The most influential factor is the depth of water. As the depth increases the complexity of
design and construction intensifies.
o The size of the waves that strike the structure
o Intensity of the ocean's flows
o The availability of building and structural materials in the place of the project
o Pipes, cables and other existing infrastructures
o The environmentally sensitive areas and environmental regulations for flora fauna of the
place
o The condition of foundations and the earthquake factor

7. KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
There is not much land available to japan therefore Japanese engineers had to extend the land 3 miles
from the shore to construct this giant project that brings together various travelers via car, train and
ferry. Nevertheless there are certain risks to be taken especially in the case of hurricanes.

8. WHY IT IS UNIQUE
The approximate size of the Kansai island is 2.5 miles in length and 1.6 miles in
width. The island is large enough to be seen from outer layers of sky. There were
many factors to be considered as crucial elements by engineers: cyclones,
vandalism by protestors , earthquakes and unsecure seabed. Stewart
Schreckengast , a professor of aviation technology warns that environmental
factors such as the change in the climate and the rise in the level of the seawater
can threaten the existence of the airport.

9. One major challenge was the
construction of the other island that was
constructed in deeper seawater much
farther from the first island. The sea bed
in this case was softer and this would
create more complex situation and higher
degree of settlement. The authorities of
the Kansai international airport land
development company predicted that
second island would settle around 18
meters. The impact of the second island
on the first one is not quite clear. There
is a possibility that the second island may
increase the speed of the first island's
settlement. The difference between the
speed of settlement in these two islands
may lead to serious problems in the area
that connects them.
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN
DESIGNING KANSAI AIRPORT

10. The airport currently averages about 920 flights daily, much of which
involves cargo plane traffic. Functioning as a present-day hub for 6
major airlines, the airport is living up to design expectations. Kansai
Airport is continuously cited as one of the greatest engineering
achievements of the 20th century. This 20-year-old structure
continues to hold its ground against newer engineering marvels,
making it that much more impressive
ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES

11. CONCLUSION
Air transportation is more a necessity than a luxury, in the modern
world of dynamic economic and technical activities, the new
opportunities must have to be explored by the authorities of Kansai
International airport.

12. REFERENCES
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G. Mesri, M., & and J. R. Funk, S. (б.д.). Settlement of the Kansai International Airport Islands. Получено 14 November 2018 г., из ASCE Library: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001224
Jang, M. (2005).
Kupfer, F. (б.д.). Airports on artificial islands: A solution for noise and capacity problems of
traditional contemporary airports? Получено 14 November 2018 г., из http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.556.8722&rep=rep1&type= pdf
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Mikasa. (1981).
Nakase. (1987). New Kansai International Airport Company. NKIAC. (2012).
O Farrell, C. (Писатель). (2007). Kansai International Airport, in: Megastructures [Кино]. Ohnishi. (1981).
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Rahman, F. U. (б.д.). Artificial Island Construction Methods, Design and Advantages. Получено
13 november 2018 г., из The Constructor:
https://theconstructor.org/construction/artificial-island-construction-methods/16380/ Rahman, F. U. (б.д.). Artificial Island Construction Methods, Design and Advantages . Получено
13 November 2018 г., из The Constructor Civil Engineering Home:
https://theconstructor.org/construction/artificial-island-construction-methods/16380/ Rahman, F. U. (б.д.). Artificial Island Construction Methods, Design and Advantages . Получено
13 November 2018 г., из The Constructor:
https://theconstructor.org/construction/artificial-island-construction-methods/16380/ Rocchi. (2006).
Sasaki. (1987).
Sweeney, C. (17 February 2010 г.). The World's 18 Strangest Airports. Получено 14 November
2018 г., из Popular Mechanics: https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/design/g255/4346192/