2120 Ch 8 PowerPoint

1. Building Construction Related to
the Fire Service
Fourth Edition
Chapter 8 — Masonry and Ordinary Construction

2. ‣ Describe properties of masonry
construction components.
Learning Objective 1

3. Several types of masonry components
may be found in structures.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

4. Masonry units have no significant
tensile strength.

5. The density of masonry units varies
depending on the specific type.

6. Stone masonry consists of rock pieces that
have been cut to the size and shape desired.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

7. Stone is also used as an exterior veneer attached
by supports to the structural frame of the
building.

8. Bricks are produced from a variety of
locally available clays and shales.

9. Hollow concrete blocks are the most
common concrete masonry units (CMUs).
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

10. Other types of masonry units are
used in construction.

11. Glass block is popular for both interior
partitions and exterior applications.
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of
Ed
Prendergast

12. Mortar is an inherent part of most
(but not all) masonry construction.

13. Mortar must bear the same weight of the masonry
wall, so its compressive strength is important.

14. Most mortar is produced from a mixture of
portland cement, hydrated lime, sand and water.

15. The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on
the type of masonry units used and the thickness
of the wall.

16. ‣ Explain how masonry structures are
classified in building codes.
‣ Describe features and functions of
masonry structures.
Learning Objectives 2-3

17. Masonry structures may remain
intact for many centuries.

18. Buildings with masonry components
are classified in the building codes.

19. “Ordinary construction” is also known as
“masonry, wood-joisted construction.”
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

20. “Ordinary construction” is also known as
“masonry, wood-joisted construction.”
Courtesy
of
McKinney
(TX)
Fire
Department

21. Buildings with masonry exterior walls
can be classified Type, I, II, or III.

22. Masonry exterior walls are found in both
fire-resistive and nonfire-resistive buildings.

23. The weight that a wall can support will depend
on the width of the wall and if it is reinforced or
nonreinforced.

24. Masonry can be used for nonload-
bearing curtain walls or partitions.

25. Masonry can be used to construct load-bearing
walls that provide basic structural support for a
building.

26. Masonry can be used to construct load-bearing
walls that provide basic structural support for a
building.

27. The simplest brick wall consists of a
single wythe.

28. The height of the building and the method of
construction will affect the thickness of a
masonry wall.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

29. In brick and concrete block construction,
masonry units are laid side by side in a horizontal
layer.

30. Strategic brick and block placement
is used for strength or appearance.

31. The existence of header courses in a wall is one
way to identify the method of construction of a
masonry wall.

32. Masonry walls reinforced with steel
may have reduced thickness.

33. In concrete block brick faced (CBBF) masonry construction,
a brick wythe is often used with a concrete block wythe.

34. A cavity wall is an exterior brick wall constructed
with a vertical cavity between the exterior and
interior wythe.

35. The reinforcement of masonry walls can take
other forms and include architectural features.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

36. The presence of an exterior masonry wall does
not prove that a building is made of “ordinary
construction.”

37. Both protected and unprotected steel interior
framing can be used with masonry bearing walls.

38. The interior frame of wood-joisted building will be
finished with materials that provide the required
fire resistance.

39. CAUTION
‣ First responders must always be on
alert for early collapse involving any
trusses.

40. In many applications, wood joists or beams rest
on the masonry wall in an indentation called a
beam pocket.

41. A pilaster is used to reduce the
compressive stresses in a masonry wall.

42. Openings must be provided in masonry
walls for doors and windows.

43. Masonry over an opening is supported
by the use of a lintel, arch, or corbel.

44. A lintel is a beam over an opening in
a masonry wall.

45. The lintel beam is not designed to support the
complete weight of the masonry wall above the
lintel.

46. Buildings with show windows and the weight of
two or more levels of masonry wall need support.

47. A parapet is an extension of a masonry or steel
wall that projects above the roof 1 foot (300
mm) or more.
Courtesy
of
McKinney
(TX)
Fire
Department

48. A parapet is an extension of a masonry or steel
wall that projects above the roof 1 foot (300
mm) or more.

49. Parapets on the fronts of a building are
significant during fire fighting operations.

50. A masonry building may have a decorative false
front or facade due to the original design or
renovation.

51. ‣ Identify causes of structural failure of
masonry construction.
Learning Objective 4

52. Although inherently resistive to fire, masonry
construction profoundly affects fire behavior.

53. Building codes usually require less clearance
between buildings with masonry or fire-resistive
exterior walls.

54. Understanding the mechanisms of building
collapse will affect how first responders respond
to an incident.

55. Many factors can affect a building’s
structural integrity.

56. In general, whenever masonry walls intersect,
they will support and reinforce each other.

57. A masonry wall that bulges or leans outward
will tend to pull away from the interior framing.

58. Bearing plates can take several forms, and are
usually easily visible on the outside of a building.

59. The presence of tie rods and bearing plates does
not necessarily mean a building has undergone
repair.

60. A problem with the use of tie rods is that steel
rods can become heated under fire conditions and
stretch.

61. Bearing plates can be an indication of
masonry building repairs.

62. Deterioration of masonry walls is
normally a slow process over many years.
Courtesy
of
Ed
Prendergast

63. Masonry walls can deteriorate from
several causes.

64. Despite the exceptional stability of masonry
construction, total collapse is possible.