3. 01
02
Table of contents
Introduction
Biofilm formation
Antibiofilm
enzymes
04
Combining
Enzymes
With Chemical/ Physical
Treatment
05
Conclusions
03
Classification of the
main Enzyme
For Biofilm Prevention and
Removal
5. Biofilms are polymeric
mixtures (polysaccharides,
lipids, and nucleic acids)
produced by
microorganisms, which
are supported on biotic
and abiotic surfaces.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of
biofilm formation on polystyrene coupons in A.
hydrophila
10. â Biofilm removers from food contact
surfaces.
â Replace harmful and inefficient
biocides and reduce the problems
associated with the presence of
biofilms
13. Antiquorum
Sensing Enzymes
â QS is an intercellular communication
mechanism frequently used by several bacterial
species as a result of an increase in the density of
microorganisms.
â Based on the production, release, and detection
of small signaling molecules.
â Biofilm matrices provide optimal conditions for
QS due to the spatio chemical conditions and
close proximity of cells within them.
14. Antiquorum Sensing Enzymes
Three components
make up QS system
Classes of signaling
molecules:
acyl homoserine lactones
(AHLs)
autoinducing peptides
(AIPs)
autoinducer-2 (AI-2)
the AI
the gene coding for the AI
synthase protein
the gene coding for the
response regulator protein
15. â All the alternatives used are based on the disruption of some of these
mechanisms.
â Four potential cleavage sites in the AHLs are likely cut off after the
catabolic digestion of carbon and nitrogen sources.
Antiquorum Sensing Enzymes
16. Oxidative
Enzymes
Enzyme-based products can also be targeted to
extracellular DNA (eDNA) found in the biofilm matrix.
The enzymatic degradation of eDNA can prevent,
disperse, or sensitize biofilms to antimicrobials.
17. Oxidative Enzymes
The effects of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) on the
biofilm of
â Grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus and
Streptococcus pyogenes) and
â Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii,
Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
E. coli, and P. aeruginosa)
bacteria have been extensively studied.
â DNase at a concentration of 5.0ÎŒg/mL,
reduced the active biofilm biomass by
approximately 40%
â Synergistic effects of DNase (5ÎŒg/ mL)
and antibiotics significantly reduced
biofilm biomass.
18. Polysaccharide-Degrading
Enzymes
Combined treatment with
alginate lyase (20ÎŒg/mL) and
gentamycin (64ÎŒg/mL) on a
biofilm formed by two mucoid
P. aeruginosa strains.
Alginate lyase, cellulose, α-
amylase, and lysozyme. The
coadministration of a lyase with
an antibiotic was tested to
inhibit and eradicate biofilms.
19. Serine proteases effectively reduce Bacillus
biofilms whereas polysaccharides remove
Pseudomonas fluorescens more efficiently
than serine proteases.
Savinase as one of the most effective
enzymatic formulations for eradicating P.
fluorescens biofilms from glass wool.
Proteases are a class of proteolytic enzymes, and
have been shown to hydrolyze protein
macromolecules adhered to the surfaces of food
processing facilities that are difficult to access such
as pipes.
Proteolytic Enzymes
Savinase structure
21. â Binding enzymes to surface
substrates, dispersing agents, and
chelants:
=> clean, and remove the biofilm
=> Alternative to chemical cleaning
methods
=> More effective than individual methods
â Methods:
biocides + enzyme
ultrasound + enzyme
biocides + enzyme
23. Combining Enzymes with
Chemical/ Physical Treatment
Experiments:
â Oulahal: use different enzymes + ultrasound
Remove 75% - 100% biofilm of E. coli and S. aureus
â Akawash: use gentamycin + alginate lyase
Eradicate all of the P. aeruginosa biofilm after 96h
â Oulahal-Lagsir: used proteolytic enzymes +
ultrasound
Remove E. coli biofilms from stainless steel surfaces
â amyloglucosidase (50UmLâ1 ) + ultrasound
decrease biofilm appropriate 96%
â α-amylase + buffer with an anionic surfactant
decrease Bacillus biofilm
Advantages
â These methods to increase
disinfectant potency in the food industry
â Cleaner
â effective novel biofilm control
Difficulties
â Determination of effective enzymes
for types of biofilm
â the mode of action is also unknown
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