engineering

1. Lunar International College
School of Business and Economics
The Role of Stakeholders’ in Managing Road Construction
Projects:
The Case of Addis Ababa Roads Authority
By :-Abdisa Ermias
July 2022
Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

2. Contents
 Statement of Problem
 Research Questions
 Research Objectives
 Conceptual Framework
 Methods of the Research
 Study design and Approach
 Target population and sampling procedures
 Sampling method
 Sampling size determination
 Data type and sources
 Data collection instruments
 Data Processing, Analysis and Interpretations
 Results/key findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendation

3. Statement of Problem
There has been a significant increase in the number of road construction projects in
Ethiopia, both within the government and with non-governmental organizations.
• Projects are needed to be completed within the time frame, budgeted cost and
required quality. However key influencers of road project implementation are timely
completion, budgeted costs and fixed project quality standards.
• With proper stakeholder management and action, it is believed that road construction
projects are delivered within budget and timeframes and achieve excellent quality
results.
• With regard to the researcher's knowledge, no studies have been conducted on the role
of stakeholder in the management of road infrastructure in the context in which this
study is conducted. Instead of filling in the gaps described above, this research will
attempts to analyze the role of stakeholders in managing road infrastructure projects
with reference to Addis Ababa road construction projects.

4. Research Questions
Specifically the researcher would answer the following research questions.
1. What criteria used to identify AACRA Stakeholders?
2. What roles do the stakeholders play in the road construction projects in Addis
Ababa?
3. What mechanisms of stakeholders’ engagement used in the AACRA road
projects?
4. How effective are these mechanisms in engaging stakeholders in the AACRA
road projects?
5. What are the major challenges of stakeholders’ engagement in the road
construction projects in Addis Ababa?

5. Research Objectives
General objective
The general objective of this
thesis is to analyze the Role of
stakeholders’ in managing road
construction projects in Addis
Ababa Roads Authority.
Specific objective
• To identify the criteria used AACRA
Stakeholders
• To assess the role of stakeholders in road
construction projects in AACRA.
• To assess the mechanisms of stakeholders’
engagement
• To analyze the extent of the mechanisms of
stakeholders’ engagement effectiveness in the
road construction projects in Addis Ababa?
• To identify the major challenges of
stakeholders’ engagement in the road
construction sector in AACRA.

6. Conceptual Framework
Good
Stakeholder management
Stakeholder engagement practice
•Personal past experience
•Interviews
•Questionnaires and surveys
•Professional services
•Workshops
•Negotiations
•Social contacts
Attributes of the Stakeholders
•Attitude
•Legitimacy
•Vested Interest
•Urgency
•Power
•Knowledge
•Proximity
Stakeholder engagement challenges
Independent variable
Dependent Variable

7. Methods of the Research
Study design and Approach
The research were intend at assessing the role of stakeholder management on roads
projects, descriptive research method is used in order to investigate and describe the
roles of stakeholders’ participation on roads projects because descriptive research is
quantitative in nature.
• In this research mixed approach research designs were used. According to
Morgan, (2017), describe a mixed approach as a method that combines both the
collection and analysis of quality and quantity data and the corresponding
analysis. The reason is because it provides a better understanding of the research
problem and yield more complete evidence.

8. Target population and sampling procedures
The target population for this research was seventh two (72). The study focused on
AACRA located in Addis Ababa, under Bole sub city: Construction of Bole
International Airport to Goro Asphalt Roads Project.
 These road construction projects include different department and members of
project. The selected populations have knowledge in project stakeholder
management. The targeted population consists of General Manager, project
managers, project supervisors, residential and office engineers, site engineers,
designers and team leader’s organizations with experience and with direct
contacts in their jobs in the stakeholder management in road Construction
projects.

9. Sampling method
In this research, census method was employed since the targeted population is
below 300.
 According to (Kish, 1979), The census process in which all members of the
community are tested. The calculation method refers to statistical analysis
in which data is collected from each unit of people. It is sometimes called
complete calculation, 100% calculation, or complete survey.

10. Sampling size determination
No Targeted population Sample size
1 Project manager 8
2 Contractor 8
3 Consultant 7
4 Engineer 31
5 Expert 8
6 Project team members 10
Total 72
Source own survey (2022)
In this study, the samples were not used as the entire target audience and the
researcher used a completed survey or census samples, as shown in table

11. Data type and sources
Data for this research were collected both from primary and secondary sources.
• The primary data were collected using a questionnaire; officers in headquarters
that involve in the stakeholder process directly or indirectly and open-ended
interview equations and focused group.
• In addition project documents, journals, and other company documents were
reviewed as the secondary source.

12. Data collection instruments
The data collection will be done using open ended and closed ended
questionnaires, survey design, interview guides and observation.
• To achieve the research objectives, relevant data will be collect. The data will
collect from primary data source which is obtained from the original source of
information.
• secondary data sources; which includes desk studies, books, previous
researches, publications, and journals. The desk study focused on Addis Ababa
Roads Authority in respect of the stakeholders’ influence and construction
project’s phases of public organizations.

13. Data Processing, Analysis and Interpretations
The data were summarized and categorized according to common themes.
• In this study, Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze both qualitative
and quantitative data because it is the simplest method of analysis and it
provides a general overview of the obtained results (Neoum, 2007).
• The SPSS computer software use to aid the analysis as it is more users
friendly and most appropriate for analysis of Management related attitudinal
responses (Acuna, 2002).

14. Results/key findings
A total of 72 questionnaires were produced and administered to the sampled
respondents, at the end of data collection process a total of 68 questionnaires were
returned, coded and analyzed.

15. Stakeholder Identification
The findings indicated that different combinations of criteria or instruments are
used as a base for stakeholder identification.
Identification criterion the first being the mission and vision-based selection
(64.7%) of the respondents indicated that the mission or vision statement is
referred as a selection criterion, stakeholders who have interest about (17.6%) of
the respondents are identified. In addition to these, depending on the location of
the project geographic reasons (2.9 %) of the respondents are also used in
stakeholder identification.

16. Stakeholder Engagement Practice
The findings indicated that different combinations of criteria or instruments are
used as a base for stakeholder identification.
• Personal past experience, interviews, professional services, workshops, and
questionnaires are effective Approaches to analyze stakeholders’ interest in
the Addis Ababa City Road Authority.
• The compromising strategy, adaptation strategy, influence strategy, and
avoidance strategy are effective in response to the stakeholder claims.

17. The role of stakeholders in managing road construction projects in the Addis
Ababa City Road projects showed that there are many stakeholders who
participated on the authority projects actively but have variances in the degree of
influence toward the construction projects among the set of stakeholders which
were selected in this research, and the concealed results show the stakeholder
priority in order of the influence index, ranking from highest to lowest influence
impact on the construction project in the Addis Ababa City Road Authority
according to the following: the clients, donors, consultants, INGOs/NGOs,
contractors, Beneficiaries, Governmental authorities, Land owners and general
public stakeholders who are involved on the project activities.
Role of Stakeholders in Project Management in the Study Area

18. Stakeholder Assessment

19. Cont.
Stakeholder Engagement

20. Challenges of Stakeholder Engagement
Results obtained from this study showed that; the challenge for stakeholder
engagement while working in multi-stakeholder environment are
 communication gaps that they have encountered in relation to language
difference and utilization of communication tools
 The second accounts to incompatible interest of partners; challenges of
cultural difference; late identification of stakeholder’s interest; failure to
identify all relevant stakeholders and offering them the level of attention
they deserve; procedure related; gaps I knowledge about the issue at hand
are presented in order of ranking.

21. Conclusion
Analysis

22. Recommendation
Based on the finding of the study the following are the most important
recommendations of the research.
• The project managers have to develop the project communication management
plan in order to ensure the effective communication between the project and
its stakeholder.
• The project managers may work closely with the client and donor as they are
the most important stakeholder in construction projects in the Addis Ababa
City Road Authority and give them the most attention.
• The project manager is recommended to adapt the stakeholder assessment
methodology that was used in this research for the identification,
classification, and prioritizing of stakeholders. In order to choose the right
stakeholders for the right level of engagement and to avoid the risk of making
mistakes that could cause the mismanagement of construction stakeholder.
• Working in multi-stakeholder environment is also prone to language barriers
therefore, for stakeholder engagement to be efficient translators from the local
community should be part of the project.