Detailed understanding for equipment's used in Pilates exercise.

3. Developed by Joseph Pilates .
Definition: It is a system of exercises using special
apparatus designed to improve physical strength,
flexibility and posture and to enhance mental awareness.
It is a form of exercise which concentrates on
strengthening the body with an emphasis on core
strength.

4. It is based on the method of ‘Contrology’
Contrology is a complete co-ordination of body, mind and
spirit. It developes the body uniformly, corrects wrong
posture, restores physical vitality, investigates the mind
and elevates the spirit.

5. 1. Completely co-ordinate the body, mind and spirit.
2. Achieve the natural inner rhythm associated with all
subconscious activities.
3. Apply the natural laws of life to every day living

6.  From the three higher principles Isacowitz identified 10 movement principles that
form a foundation of BASI ( Body Arts and Science International) pilates method.
I. Awareness
II. Balance
III. Breath
IV. Concentration
V. Centre
VI. Control
VII. Efficiency
VIII. Flow
IX. Precision
X. Harmony

7. 1. AWARENESS
 Change cannot occur without awareness.
 Awareness of posture, incorrect movements.
2. BALANCE
 Stability and Mobility.
 Necessary to carry out tasks.
3.BREATH
 Oxygenates the blood, Releases toxins, Improves circulation,
 Calms the mind and body. Increases concentration, Provides a
rhythm for movement

8. 4.CONCENTRATION
 Bridge between awareness and movement.
 Provides more accurate movement.
 Maintaining correct alignment and stabilization during exercise.
5.CENTER
 Place in the body where ones center of gravity is located.
 In pilates CENTER means CORE also termed as Powerhouse for
movement.
6. CONTROL
 Mind control over muscles.
 Precise neuromuscular control of appropriate muscles to achieve a
particular movement.

9. 7. EFFICIENCY
 Conservation of energy and use only the necessary muscles to achieve the
functional task.
8.FLOW.
 Involvement of whole body and mind. Every action is produced from the
previous action.
 Physiologically- The immaculate timing of muscle recruitment. (muscle
firing or muscle activation sequence)
9.PRECISION
 Exact manner in which an action is executed.
10.HARMONY
 The way in which one interprets and integrates all principles into the
practice of pilates.

10.  Focuses on the centre or core muscles.
 Pilates exercise emphasizes on both stability and
mobility.
 Includes both closed-kinetic-chain and open-kinetic-
chain exercises.
 Muscles works statically and dynamically (both
concentric and eccentric contractions)
 Functional exercises.

11.  Importance on breathing appropriately.
Adaptable for different patientpopulation.
It is a mind body form of conditioning.

12. 1) Spring Tension
2) Mat
3) Reformers
4) Cadillac
5) Wunda chair (Combo Chair)
6) Ladder Barrel

17.  CVA stroke
 Parkinson Disease
 Multiple sclerosis
 GBS
 Low back pain or neck pain
 Piriformis syndrome.
 Balance impairment
 Poor flexibility
 Scoliosis

18.  Unstable Blood pressure
 Herniated disk
 Severe Osteoporosis
 Thrombophilia
 Spinal stenosis
 Hip or knee replacement surgery

20. PELVIS
1. Pelvic curl
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals, hamstrings, and gluteus maximus.
 Objectives: Mobilization of the spine and pelvic region, spinal articulation,
hamstring control, pelvic lumbar stabilization, and recruitment and cocontraction
of the core muscles

21. 2) SINGLE-LEG LIFTS
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals and hip flexors
 Objectives: Lumbo-pelvic stabilization, hip joint dissociation, and abdominal and
hip flexor control

22. ABDOMIN
3) SUPINE SPINE TWIST
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals (emphasis on obliques)
 Objectives: Spinal rotation, abdominal control with oblique emphasis, and pelvic
lumbar stabilization

23. 4) CHEST LIFT
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals
 Objectives: Abdominal strength and lumbo-pelvic stability.

24.  5.1) PRE-HUNDRED PREP (LEVELS 1, 2, 3)
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals (emphasis on TrA)
 Objectives: Abdominal strength, trunk stabilization, and lumbo-pelvic control
 Level 1 (No Load on Lumbar Spine): Lie supine with the knees bent, feet on the mat parallel
to each other approxi-mately hip distance apart, with the arms straight at the sides just hovering off
the mat with palms down, and the pelvis in a neutral position (if tolerated andappropriate). Set the
core and then pump the arms up and down in a smallmovement, exhaling for five pumps and inhaling
for five pumps. Repeat upto 10 cycles.
 Level 2 (Partial Load on Lumbar Spine): The starting position is the same as for level 1.
Exhale to lift one leg to the tabletop position, then inhale and hold the position Pump thearms up and
down for five breath cycles, as in level 1, then switch sides.
 Level 3 (Increased Load on Lumbar Spine and Rectus Abdominis, and the
Obliques Are Active) : Starting position is the same as for level 1. Exhale to lift one leg into the
tabletop position. Inhale while holding the position. Exhale to bring the opposite leg to the tabletop
position, ensuring that the neutral position can be maintained and there is no doming of the abdomen
.If either happens, return to level 2 until the correct form can be achieved. Pump the arms up and
down for 10 breath cycles as in level 1 and 2 (or less if unable to perform 10 cyclescorrectly).

26. 5. 2) HUNDRED PREP
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals
 Objectives: Abdominal strength, trunk stabilization, and lumbo-pelvic control with
an open-chain load

27. 5. 3) HUNDRED
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals
 Objectives: Abdominal strength and lumbo-pelvic stabilization

28. BACK
7) BASIC BACK EXTENSION
 Primary Muscles Involved: Back extensors and abdominals
 Objectives: Strengthen back extensors, develop abdominal and scapular control,
and cocontract core muscles

29. 8) SPHINX (PREP FOR SWAN DIVE PREP)
 Primary Muscles Involved: Back extensors, deep neck flexors, lower trapezius, and
serratus anterior
 Objectives: To retrain coactivation of the upper core (DNF, LT, and serratus
anterior) and strengthen back extensors of the cervical and thoracic region.

30. 9) GOALPOST (PREP FOR SWAN DIVE PREP)
 Primary Muscles Involved: Back extensors, deep neck flexors,and lower trapezius.
 Objectives: Retrain the upper core muscles and strengthen the back extensors.

31. 10) SWIMMING
 Primary Muscles Involved: Back extensors and hip extensors
 Objectives: Back extensor strength, hip extensor strength, trunk stabilization, and
cross-pattern coordination

32. 1) BOTTOM LIFT
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and back
extensors.
 Objectives: Mobilization of the spine and pelvic region, spinal articulation,
hamstring control, hip extensor strength, pelvic and lumbar stabilization, and
recruitment and co-contraction of the core muscles.

33. 2) BOTTOM LIFT WITH EXTENSION
 Primary Muscles Involved: Abdominals, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, and back
extensors
 Objectives: Mobilization of the spine and pelvic region, spinal articulation,
hamstring strength and control, hip extensor strength, pelvic and lumbar
stabilization, and recruitment and cocontraction of the core muscles

34. 3) SUPINE ARM EXTENSION/ADDUCTION
 Primary Muscles Involved: Latissimus dorsi
 Objectives: Strengthening of shoulder extensors and develop trunk and scapular
stabilization and scapulohumeral rhythm.
EXTENSION
ADDUCTION

35.  TRICEPS
 Objective: Scapular stabilization.
• PEC- MAJOR AND MINOR
• OBJECTIVE: Shoulder
adductors

36. • RHOMBOIDS
• Objective: shoulder
abduction
• BICEPS
• Objective: Elbow
flexion

37. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
Feasibility and Efficacy of
Mat Pilates on People with
Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson's
Disease: A Preliminary Study
Objective: Balance( static and
dynamic), ROM, QOL
The participants carried out a
Mat Pilates program twice a
week for 12 weeks. Pilate
included spine twist, half roll
back, swimming, swan and
supermen exercises 3 to 5
repetation each.
Mat Pilates is feasible and m
ay be a beneficial rehabilitati
on strategy to improve fitnes
s and quality of life in people
with mild to moderate Parkin
son’s disease.

38. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
Effects of Pilates exercise on
balance in stroke: A
systematic review
Studies that involved Pilate’s
therapeutic exercise were
included. Any other exercises
combined with Pilates were
also included, excluding
studies when the modalities
are combined. RCT AND
Clinical trails were included.
Pilates exercise showed
significant changes in the
studies taken into account.

40. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
Effects of 8 weeks of mat-
based Pilates exercise on gait
in chronic stroke patients
8-week program of Pilates
exercise on gait in chronic
hemiplegia patient
3-D motion analysis with 8
infrared cameras was
performed
An 8-week program of Pilates
exercise had a positive
influence on improving the
gait ability of poststroke
patients, and the
intervention could be applied
to poststroke patients with
various levels of physical
disability by adjusting the
intensity of training

42. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
Effect of Eight-Week Selected
Exercises on Strength, Range
of Motion (RoM) and Quality
of Life (QoL) in Patients with
GBS
Quasi-experimental research
with single group pretest-
posttest design. Four cases of
patients with Guillen-Barré
syndrome (girls and boys
aged 6 to 18) were
purposefully selected and
assigned to one group as the
sample of the study. Before
and after eight-week selected
exercises (exercises with
theraband and physioball),
the strength, RoM, and QoL
were measured using manual
dynamometer, manual
goniometer.
This study showed that
selected exercises (exercises
with theraband and
physioball), have led to
significant improvement in
strength, RoM and QoL in
children suffering Guillen-
Barré Syndrome, so it can be
recommended for patients
with Guillen-Barré
Syndrome.

43. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
Pilates exercise improves the
clinical and immunological
profiles of patients with
human T-cell lymphotropic
virus 1 associated
myelopathy: A pilot study
Eight patients with ages
ranging from 39 to 70 years
old (2 males and 6 females), 2
wheelchair users and 6 with
compromised gait, were
evaluated. The patients were
submitted to 20 Pilates
sessions for 10 weeks.
OBJECTIVE: Pain levels ,
spasticity, motor strength,
balance, mobility, functional
capacity, quality of life
Favouring positive results in :
the decrease in pain,
improvements in the quality
of life, trunk balance in
wheelchair users, mobility
and static and dynamic
balance of patients with
impaired gait.

44. TITLE METHOD CONCLUSION
The Effect of a Selective
Pilates Program on
Functional Balance and
Falling Risk in Patients with
Parkinson’s Disease
EG- Pilates
CG- walking program
10 minutes of warm-up
exercises, continued with 45
minutes of taking 10 selected
Pilates exercise (standing
side reach, bow and arrow,
one leg stretch, oblique curl
up, knee fold scissors, knee
opening, shoulder bridge,
diamond press, prone leg
pull, torpedo) with the
purpose of increasing the
strength of body core muscles
and lower limb joints’ range
of motion and finished with 5
minutes
Given that Pilate’s exercises
involve both musculoskeletal
system and nervous system,
can be an effective
intervention to improving
balance and reducing falling
risk, especially in people with
postural control disabilities.