"Lesotho Leaps Forward: A Chronicle of Transformative Developments"
Pumps
1. Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and
consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via
many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind
power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications
to large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water
from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry
for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping
oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry,
pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing
medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial
heart and penile prosthesis.
2. Necessity of Pump
To Maintain pressure in low pressure pipe line.
To transfer Water from low side to high side i.e. from
well to house , farms etc.
Medical field .
Irrigation and chemical industry.
Refineries .
5. Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pump are the most used pump type in the world, due to
simple working principle and relatively inexpensive manufacturing cost.
An increase in the fluid pressure from the pump inlet to its outlet is created when the
pump is in operation. This pressure difference drives the fluid through the system or
plant.
6. Applications of Centrifugal Pump
Main application is to transfer water in farms and
house.
Beverage industry: Used to transfer juice, bottled
water, etc.
Dairy industry: Used to transfer dairy products such as
milk, butter milk, flavoured milk etc.
Pharma & Cosmetics industry: Used to transfer
glucose, lactose and other drugs and personal care
products of low or medium viscosity.
7. Axial Pump
An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that
essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe. The
propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or by
electric motor or petrol/diesel engines mounted to the pipe from the
outside or by a right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe.
8. Application of Axial Pump
Axial flow pumps are used in applications requiring
very high flow rates and low pressures.
They are used to circulate fluids in power plants,
sewage digesters, and evaporators.
They are also used in flood dewatering and irrigation
systems.
9. Submersible Pump
A submersible pump (or sub pump, electric submersible pump (ESP)) is a
device which has a hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body.
The whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be pumped. The main
advantage of this type of pump is that it prevents pump cavitations , a problem
associated with a high elevation difference between pump and the fluid
surface. Submersible pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to jet pumps
having to pull fluids. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps.
10. Application of Submersible Pump
Submersible pumps are most often used in the home for pumping water out of a
basement. However, they are used for many applications in industry.
Pumping Sewage
Submersible pumps are efficient for pumping out septic tanks. Fluid is transferred
into hoses to storage tanks and taken to a treatment facility.
Industrial Pumping
Submersible pumps are often used to pump excess water from work sites or
flooded basements in construction sites. They can also be used to pump slurries.
Deep Well Drilling / Borehole Pumps
If you need to drill deep for water in a home, a submersible Borehole pump is a
great solution. Borehole pumps can pump water from great depths to holding tanks
and into homes.
11. Positive Displacement Pump
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move
by trapping a fixed amount and forcing
(displacing) that trapped volume into the
discharge pipe.
Some positive displacement pumps use an
expanding cavity on the suction side and a
decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid
flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction
side expands and the liquid flows out of the
discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume is
constant through each cycle of operation.
12. Reciprocating Pump
Piston Pump: A piston pump is a type of positive
displacement pump where the high-pressure seal reciprocates with
the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move liquids or compress
gases.
13. Application of Reciprocating Pump
Reciprocating pumps are used majorly In boiler water
feeds as water needs to be feed at high pressure and we
can't use centrifugal pumps due to cavitation problem.
In oil and gas industries.
petrochemical and refinery industries.
Hilly areas and also in agriculture .
14. Plunger Pump
A plunger pump is a type of positive displacement pump
where the high-pressure seal is stationary and a smooth
cylindrical plunger slides through the seal.
15. Diaphragm pumps
A diaphragm pump (also known as a Membrane pump) is a positive
displacement pump that uses a combination of the reciprocating action of
a rubber, thermoplastic or teflon diaphragm and suitable valves on either side
of the diaphragm (check valve, butterfly valves, flap valves, or any other form of
shut-off valves) to pump a fluid.
16. Application of Diaphragm pumps
Because diaphragm pumps are so versatile, they are
used in virtually every industry that requires fluid
transfer. They are often used for dewatering or water
removal across many different industries. They are
used for filling, dispensing and metering due to their
efficiency and accuracy.
They can produce plenty of pressure for spraying and
cleaning applications and are often used for filter press
applications.
17. Rotary Pump
A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes
mounted to a rotor that rotates inside of a cavity. In some cases these vanes can
have variable length and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as
the pump rotates. It was invented by Charles C. Barnes of Sackville, New
Brunswick, who patented it on June 16, 1874
18. Application of Rotary Pump
Refrigeration Heating and Air Conditioning.
They are also used as pumps carrying out high viscosity
substances transfer such as lubricating oil.
Because of their positive displacement characteristics
they are specifically used in Sewage Treatment plants
for transfer of concentrated sludge and scum
Maximum of the hydraulic pumps used for numerous
applications on ship are of rotary type.
Rotary pumps are also used as Water Supply and
carbon slurry pump.
19. Gear Pump
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement.[They are
one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid
power applications.
Gear pumps are also widely used in chemical installations to pump high viscosity
fluids.
20. Application of Gear Pump
Gear pumps are popular in the petrochemical industry.
They are used for lube oil, crude oil, diesel oil, pitch and
pure or filled bitumen. They are also used for moving
chemicals such as acids, sodium silicate, mixed chemicals,
plastics, isocyanides and other dangerous chemicals.
They can be used for paint, ink, adhesives and resins. In the
paper and pulp industries, they are used for sludge, latex,
lime, kaolin, black liquor, soap, lye and acid.
The food industry uses gear pumps for a host of different
applications, including cacao butter, chocolate, sugar,
fillers, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, animal food and
molasses.
21. Peristaltic Pump
A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a
variety of fluids. The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a
circular pump casing (though linear peristaltic pumps have been made).
A rotor with a number of "rollers", "shoes", "wipers", or "lobes" attached to the
external circumference of the rotor compresses the flexible tube. As the rotor
turns, the part of the tube under compression is pinched closed (or "occludes")
thus forcing the fluid to be pumped to move through the tube.
22. Application of Peristaltic Pump
Peristaltic pumps have many uses in industry, but their
most common use Is for high purity applications. The
reason these pumps are preferred for high purity
applications is because the material being pumped is
confined to the tube. The pump never touches the material
and the material never touches the pump. This keeps the
pump from contaminating the material and it also keeps
the material from contaminating the pump.
Peristaltic pumps are used most often for applications
involving metering, dispensing and precise general
transfer.
Because these pumps offer the rare combination of Purity
and precision, they are the pumps of choice in many
applications that include the dosing or transfer of
chemicals and additives for semiconductor, pharmaceutical
and food applications.
23. Classification of Pump on the basis of desired power
1. Electricity Driven Pump
2. Gasoline Engine Pump
3. Steam Engine Pump
4. Diesel Engine Pump
24. Classification of Pump on the basis of nature of use
1. Low Lift Pump : The Pump which can list water in certain height and
pressure is called low lift pump.
2. High Lift Pump: This pump can lift water to building
apartment , pumping station. Compare to low lift pump, this pump can
lift water to more height With pressure.
The main application of High lift pump in irrigation and water
distribution system.
3. Deep Well Pump : As the name suggest , this pump is used in lifting
water from well.
4. Booster Pump : The main task of booster pump is to increase the
pressure of water so that they can be transfer at high pressure.
