A report submitted to the Senior Command and Senior Civilian Representative for the Northern Region of Afghanistan. Merits of report earned an invitation into an informal cross-agency intel group in Kabul.

1. U.S. Government (USG) Assistance
Kunduz Province
Takhar Province
Ned McDonnell, USAID Original: March 2010
Updated: June 2010
April 2008
Kunduz Provincial
Reconstruction Team
Takhar Provincial
Advisory Team

2. USAID: What we do and How we do it
• USAID promotes peace and stability by fostering economic growth,
protecting human health, providing emergency humanitarian
assistance, and enhancing democracy in developing countries.
• As stated in the President’s National Security Strategy, USAID’s
work in development joins diplomacy and defense as one of three
key pieces of the nation’s foreign policy apparatus.
• By addressing poverty to create economic opportunity, USAID
promotes U.S. foreign policy and national security. .
• In Afghanistan, USAID plays a critical role by providing high-impact
foreign assistance to promote economic development, improve
governance, and enhance delivery of health and education services.

3. Responsibilities of Field Programming Officers
• Coordinate with other USG, ISAF counterparts, GiRoA and
others to avoid duplicated efforts and optimize
development impact within provinces
• Act as Development Advisors for
CERP & other funding streams
• Manage USAID Programs as Grant
Officer representatives
• Foster Afghan-first partnerships with a range of local actors
and organizations
• Provide design and implementation guidance to USAID
programs
• Advise Afghans on grant applications for development

4. KUNDUZ 2009 at a Glance: $9.4 million
• 50% in Kunduz-centre district for provincial capacity building
and stabilization programs
• 50% for seed and fertilizer voucher program
• 20,000 beneficiaries under voucher program
KUNDUZ in 2010: estimated $13-17 million
• 55,000 beneficiaries under expanded voucher program
• Distributing 25-50,000 textbooks to middle school students
• COIN-oriented projects for rural access roads and emergency
flood walls in Khanabad District
• Expanded programming for rural infrastructure and poultry
farming realized by USAID’s IDEA-NEW program

5. Analysis of 2002-09 USAID Spending
Afghanistan
Economic
Support Fund
(79%)
Traditional
USAID
Programs
(21%)
Develop-
ment (9%)
Humanitarian
(7%)
Children
Survival (4%)
Other (1%)
$12.3 billion spent by USAID through 2009
$0
$5,000,000
$10,000,000
$15,000,000
$20,000,000
$25,000,000
$30,000,000
$35,000,000
$40,000,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010E
Comparison of Kunduz and Takhar
Total 2003-09 for Kunduz: $84 million
Total 2003-09 for Takhar: $53 million

6. TAKHAR 2009 at a Glance: $6.5 million spent
• Stabilization initiatives for 50% of activity primarily for
Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in
Agriculture (AVIPA-Plus)
• Health Programs including midwifery training, clinic staffing
and hospital management for 400 professionals over time
• Community enhancement through literacy training,
agricultural extension, micro-grants and higher education
TAKHAR in 2010: est. 30% funding increase
• 40,000 beneficiaries under AVIPA voucher program
• IDEA-NEW projects for market access roads, canal in-takes
and protections expected at least to double in 2010

7. USAID Top Five Activities in 2009: Kunduz and Takhar
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
$7,000,000
$8,000,000
$9,000,000

8. Infrastructure
• Culverts and irrigation canals from 2003 through 2006 as
well as farm access roads under the Rebuilding
Agricultural Markets Program (RAMP)
• $38 million Afghan-Tajik bridge construction in 2006 and
2007 to triple trade between the countries within a year
• Municipal plumbing systems built for two rural districts
completed in 2007 and benefitting 35-50,000 people
• Built or re-built in excess of 100 educational institutions
and healthcare facilities through 2007
Short History of USAID Activities in Kunduz

9. Short History of USAID Activity in Essential Services
Health-care
• Health Clinics
1. 16 built in Kunduz – 11 basic and 5 comprehensive
2. At least 15 in Takhar – 13 basic and 2 comprehensive
• Start-up training and staffing provided in Kunduz for an
estimated 250 professionals until 2004 through
International Organization for Migration
• USAID funding MoPH training & staffing of over 400
professionals throughout Takhar in 51 facilities (3 district
hospitals, 13 comprehensive health centers, 34 basic
health clinics and one sub-center); implemented through
Afghan NGO, Care for Afghan Families

10. Short History of USAID Activity in Essential Services
Education
FROM CONSTRUCTION
TO INSTRUCTION
• School Reconstruction
1. 37 schools in Kunduz; estimated cost of $4 million
2. 22 schools in Takhar; estimated cost of $2.5 million
• Early emphasis on building school facilities
• Continuing education for teachers and administrators as
well as on higher education
• Literacy training brought to 10,000 beneficaries

11. USAID Plans
Proposed for 2010 in Kunduz and Takhar
• 46 kilometers of rural access roads for Kunduz district
• Start Afghan Civil Service Training Program
• Reconstruction of 10 kilometer canal system in contested
district upon clearing by 10th Mountain Division
• Ongoing training for 400 community health workers in 50
clinics throughout 12 rural districts of Takhar
• Technical advice to Ministry of Health in staffing and
training for new Takhar Provincial Hospital
• Improvement of education faculties in Kunduz and
Takhar
• Solar lighting placement and funding under Afghanistan
Clean Energy Program

12. 2009 Health & Education Analysis
Comment: USAID funds the manning and training of 400 clinic staff
as well as hospital expansions in Takhar; E.U. does so in Kunduz
Managing Clinics
in Takhar: 30%
Literacy
Training: 13%
Higher
Education: 28%
Takhar Hospital
Assistance: 27%
Other:
2%

13. • Private Sector Development Programs
1. Economic Growth and Governance Initiative (EGGI)
to facilitate business growth by removing constraints
imposed by corruption and inefficiencies
2. Technical assistance service for small and medium
enterprises
• Stabilization Programs
1. Food Insecurity Response for Urban Populations
(FIRUP; cash-for-work for community infrastructure)
2. Afghan Civilian Assistance Program (ACAP) for the
survivors of collateral damage
Current USAID Economic and Stabilization Programs

14. • Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in
Agriculture (AVIPA+) Program
1. Commodity stabilization voucher program in response
to drought for 366,420 beneficiaries in Afghanistan
2. 35,000 beneficiaries in Kunduz and Takhar in 2009
3. 95,000 beneficiaries in 2010 (60% in Kunduz)
• Incentives Driving Economic Alternatives-North, East and
West (IDEA-NEW); 4-year $150 million program total
1. Small-scale rural reconstruction (micro-hydro, flood
mitigation, access roads, etc.)
2. Re-start of poultry industry and value-added products
including honey, spices and orchard-based produce
Current USAID Programs in Agriculture

15. Distribution of AVIPA Beneficiaries by District-2009
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
$0.00
$200,000.00
$400,000.00
$600,000.00
$800,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,200,000.00
$1,400,000.00
$1,600,000.00
% Pashtun in District
(right axis)
USD value of vouchers
(left axis)
Kunduz Takhar

16. April 2008
Kunduz Provincial
Reconstruction Team
Takhar Provincial
Advisory Team
• Seeking $35 million to build capacity at the provincial level
of the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock
1. Irrigation management and water conservation
2. Improving MAIL capacity to realize market efficiencies
through improved seed and ag-extension services
• Building a Legacy of Planting Capacity through MAIL
1. Train the Trainers / Mirabs in water management
2. Composting construction to increase quality of
produce and reduce exposure to human sewage
3. Community Associations for collective bargaining,
water use and machinery banks
Growing Contribution from
United States Department of Agriculture

17. 2009 Economic, Stabilization
and Agricultural Analysis
Seed & Fertilizer
Vouchers: 66% (AVIPA)
Cash-for-Work: 19%
(FIRUP / IDEA-NEW)
Private Sector
Development: 9%
(SME support &
finance)
OTHER (primarily
ACAP): 6%

18. April 2008
Kunduz Provincial
Reconstruction Team
Takhar Provincial
Advisory Team
• Through the International Narcotics and Law Enforcement
Bureau of the Departments of State (DOS) and Justice (DOJ)
1. Advanced Law Enforcement and Investigation
Techniques (e.g., forensics, gender-sensitive conduct)
2. DOJ Justice Sector Support Program (i.e., training of
investigators, prosecutors and judges)
3. Counter-Narcotics (with Drug Enforcement Agency; DEA)
• Through Department of Defense
1. U.S. Army Police Mentoring Team
2. Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan
• Basic Police Training through German Ministry of Interior
Rule of Law and Governance
(Departments of State, Justice and Defense)

19. April 2008
Kunduz Provincial
Reconstruction Team
Takhar Provincial
Advisory Team
USAID
(Afghan Civil
Service
Support
Program)
Department
of Justice
(drug
enforcement
& judicial
training)
Department of
State:
• Governor’s
Performance
Based Grants
• International
Visitors
Program
• Quick
Response
Fund
Security, Governance and Rule of Law Profile
Conducted Primarily through Kunduz

20. Reconstruction Leadership by German PRT in
Kunduz and German Development Agencies
Up to $50 million reconstruction program led by
• The Development Ministry (BMZ)
• The German Technical Corp. (GTZ
• The German Reconstruction Bank (KfW)
Leading projects funded by German government
1. Chahar Dara Bridge (Kunduz Province; 95,000 beneficiaries)
2. Hydro-electric facility in Khanabad (Kunduz; 30,000)
3. Provincial Hospital in Taloqan (Takhar Province; 225,000)
4. Agricultural University (Takhar; 10,000)
Spending $2.5 billion in development across Afghanistan
during the next four years.

21. Key Facts of Chahar Dara
• Estimated population of 75,000; 55% Pashtun
• Governance through District Councils, 74 local shuras and
22 water officials (Mirabs)
• Essential Services including at least 3 clinics & 42 schools
Symptoms of Security Deterioration
• 46 policemen opposed by 600-750 insurgents
(20% Chechen possibly armed with advanced weaponry)
• Taliban control of schools
• Increasing number of road-side explosives accelerating
ISAF casualties
KEY TERRAIN DISTRICT:
Chahar Dara (Southwest Kunduz)

22. ISAF Response to Chahar Dara
Response of Germany and the United States in 2009:
• $1.2 million spent on stabilization by German government
for school / clinic repair, small rural infrastructure as well
as income generation and licit livelihoods
• USAID contribution of price stabilization vouchers
Looking forward to the next year:
• $15 million Chahar Dara bridge construction by BMZ
through KfW
• $1 million reconstruction and re-opening of Aliabad canal
system under consideration benefitting 7-10,000 farms
• Up to $2.5 million of USAID Community Stabilization &
Development funding to target ‘accidental’ insurgents
seeking alternative livelihoods
• Afghan Civil Service training by USAID to increase GIRoA
legitimacy by harnessing traditional governance practices

23. Key Facts of Kunduz-Center
• Estimated population of 245,000; 30% Pashtun
• Farmers’ education through MAIL on demonstration farms
• Health services provided through 1 regional hospital, 7
basic health clinics and 2 comprehensive health centers
• 107 schools open throughout city
Challenges facing GIRoA and ISAF
• Four large high schools in critical need of reconstruction
• Regional hospital requiring twice current capacity
• Police currently staffed at 20-30% of expected level
• Rumoured attacks against girls’ schools creating anxiety
District Delivery Program for the
District of Kunduz-Center

24. Organization Activity Kunduz Takhar
United Nations (UNAMA, UNOPS,
UNDP, IOM, WHO, FAO, etc.)
Relief  
GTZ and KFW (Germany) Reconstruction  
GTZ and DED (Germany) Capacity Bldg  
World Bank Reconstruction 
European Commission Reconstruction 
European Union Relief / Health  
Merlin / Care for Afghan Families
and Kinderberg
Healthcare
Education
 
Mercy Corps / KIWI
Employment
Capacity Bldg
 
Int’l Relief & Development Relief  
Aga Khan Foundation Relief 
Educ. & Training Center for Poor
Women and Girls of Afghanistan
Women  
Other Key Actors in Kunduz and Takhar

25. Emerging Opportunities
• More ‘quick-impact’ funds
from USAID, CERP & GTZ
• German development
agencies doubling funds
• USDA expertise creating
lasting benefits
• Plentiful electricity coming
from Tajikistan
• Provincial Police Chief
widely respected by people
Undiminished Risks
• Insurgents outnumber police
12-to-1 in Chara Dara
• Limited monies from Kabul;
budget execution weak
• Corruption undermining sub-
national governance
• Schools failing to educate
children; weak teachers
• Taliban seizing essential
services in southern districts
Development Opportunities and Risks