Light is a form of energy that allows for vision. It travels in straight lines and can form shadows. Advanced light detection technology can detect single photons, measure light from the universe, and track fast processes in living cells down to billionths of a second. Concave mirrors are used in telescopes to focus faint light from space, while convex mirrors give a wider field of vision useful for security and vehicles. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, either diffusely scattering in all directions from a rough surface or specularly at the same angle from a smooth surface like glass or metal.

2. What is light?
Light is a form of energy, which includes
the sensation of vision in our eyes and
make us able to see various things
present in our surrounding.
Properties of Light:
(i) It is form of energy.
(ii) It travels in straight line.
(iii) Light can form shadows

3. Discover more about advanced methods of detecting
light
 Discover ultrasensitive camera technology that can detect
single photons of light
 Discover advanced cameras that are used to measure light
from the universe
 Discover scientific light detectors that can measure ultrafast
changes in matter, down to one billionth of a second.
 Discover advanced microscopy solutions that can directly
image fast processes inside living cells and can even follow
single molecules.

4.  Concave mirrors are used in
certain types of astronomical
telescopes called reflecting
telescopes. The mirrors condense
lots of light from faint sources in
space onto a much smaller
viewing area and allow the viewer
to see far away objects and events
in space that would be invisible to
the naked eye.
 .When parallel light rays hit a convex
mirror they reflect outwards and travel
directly away from an imaginary focal
point (F). Each individual ray is still
reflecting at the same angle as it hits
that small part of the surface.
 Convex mirrors are useful for shop
security and rear-view mirrors on
vehicles because they give a wider
field of vision

5. Concave and convex lens

6. Reflection of light
 Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the
surface is smooth and shiny, like glass, water or
polished metal, the light will reflect at the same angle
as it hit the surface. This is called specular reflection.

7. Types of reflection

8. Types of reflection
A mirror image is a reflected duplication of an
object that appears almost identical, but is reversed in the
direction perpendicular to the mirror surface. As an optical
effect it results from reflection off from substances such as a
mirror or water.

9. Specular Reflection.
 Specular reflection is a type of surface reflectance often
described as a mirror-like reflection of light from the
surface. In specular reflection, the incident light is reflected
into a single outgoing direction.

10. Diffuse reflection
 Light reflects from a smooth surface at the same
angle as it hits the surface. For a smooth surface,
reflected light rays travel in the same direction. This is
called specular reflection. For a rough surface,
reflected light rays scatter in all directions. This is
called diffuse reflection.

11. Differences between both

12. Refraction of light
. . Refraction is the change in the direction of a
wave pass Laws of Refraction of Light
Laws of refraction state that
The incident ray refracted ray, and the normal to the
interface of two media at the point of incidence all lie on the
same plane.
The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of
the angle of refraction is a constant. This is also known as
Snell’s law of refraction from one medium to another.”

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