This document provides an overview of the course "Linguistics and Language". It discusses linguistics as the science that studies human language. It addresses that language has three main aspects - formal, biological, and psychological. Formally, language is a structured system. Biologically, it is specifically human and involves language physiology and evolution. Psychologically, language is an abstract reality linked to thought and a faculty of the mind. The document also examines key questions about the characteristics, differences from animal communication, acquisition, and historical emergence of human language.

1. Linguistics and Language
Class 1 – LCD 105– Professor Nathacia Lucena Ribeiro

2. What is
Linguistics?

3. It is the science that
studies human Language.

4. ?
It is the science that
studies human Language.

5. ?
It is the science that
studies human Language.
?

6. Specific
Language
Social
Biological
Psychological
Formal
Historical
Interactional
Cultural
Regional
Expressive
Evolutive
Functional Empirical

7. “Other sciences are provided with objects of study given in
advance, which are then examined from different points of view.
Nothing like that is the case in linguistics. Suppose someone
pronounces the French word nu (‘naked’). At first sight, one
might think this would be an example of an independently given
linguistic object. But more careful consideration reveals a series
of three or four quite different things, depending on the
viewpoint adopted. There is a sound, there is the expression of
an idea, there is a derivative of Latin nūdum, and so on. The
object is not given in advance of the viewpoint: far from it.
Rather, one might say that it is the viewpoint adopted which
creates the object.”
Saussure – Course in General Linguistics (p.23)

8. “Other sciences are provided with objects of study given in
advance, which are then examined from different points of view.
Nothing like that is the case in linguistics. Suppose someone
pronounces the French word nu (‘naked’). At first sight, one
might think this would be an example of an independently given
linguistic object. But more careful consideration reveals a series
of three or four quite different things, depending on the
viewpoint adopted. There is a sound, there is the expression of
an idea, there is a derivative of Latin nūdum, and so on. The
object is not given in advance of the viewpoint: far from it.
Rather, one might say that it is the viewpoint adopted which
creates the object.”
Saussure – Course in General Linguistics (p.23)

9. Language
Social
Biological
Psicological
Formal
Historical
Interactional
Cultural
Regional
Expressive
Evolutive
Specific
Functional Empiric

10. (Human) Language: three aspects
• Formal: It is an structured system;
• Biological: It is specifically human; language physiology
(visual, hearing, and vocal apparatuses, brain); evolution;
• Psychological: It is an abstract reality, intimately linked to
thought. It is a faculty of the mind.

11. (Human) Language: three aspects
• Formal: It is an structured system;
• Biological: It is specifically human; language physiology (visual,
hearing, and vocal apparatuses, brain); evolution;
• Psychological: It is an abstract reality, intimately linked to
thought. It is a faculty of the mind.
(i) What are the characteristics of (human)
language?
(ii) In what extent this language is different
from animal communication systems?
(iii) How is it acquired?
(iv) How did it appeared in History?

12. (Human) Language: three aspects
• Formal: It is an structured system;
• Biological: It is specifically human; language physiology (visual,
hearing, and vocal apparatuses, brain); evolution;
• Psychological: It is an abstract reality, intimately linked to
thought. It is a faculty of the mind.
(i) What are the characteristics of (human)
language?
(ii) In what extent this language is
different from animal communication
systems?
(iii) How is it acquired?
(iv) How did it appeared in History?

13. The thing about communication
Language is a way of communication

14. The thing about communication
Language is a way of communication
?

15. ADRESSER ADRESSEE
CONTEXT
MESSAGE
CONTACT
CODE
Roman Jakobson

17. Audio 1: The Pretender (Foo Fighters)
Audio 2: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67: I. Allegro con brio (Beethoven)

18. https://www.freecreatives.com/fine-art/modern-art-photography.html

19. Frauenkopf(1911),AlexejvonJawlensky

21. Saussure
Langue vs. Parole
Language ≠ Speech

22. Saussure
Langue vs. Parole
Language ≠ Speech

23. Saussure

24. Saussure
Sign
Sign
1
Sign
2

25. Video: Denise Herzing- Could we
speak the language of dolphins