Basic Details of levelling

1. Prepared By- Guided By-
• chodavadiya Kuldip (131090119015) Mr. Shirish G Bhalodia
• chodavadiya Bhautik (131090119016)
• Vekariya Bharat (131090119085)
• Mehta Khushal(131090119046)
• Dudhat Chintan (131090119025)
Levelling (2nd Rank)

2. LEVELLING
 The art of determining the relative heights
of different points on or below the surface
of earth is known as leveling

3. Uses of leveling
 To prepare a contour map
 To determine the altitudes of different important
points
 To prepare a longitudinal section
 To prepare a cross sections
 To prepare a layout map

4. Instruments for leveling
 A level
 A leveling staff
 Tripod stand

5. Types of levels
 Dumpy level
 Tilting level
 Automatic level
 Wye ( Y ) level
 Cooke’s level
 Crushing level

6. Methods of leveling
 Direct leveling
 Trigonometric leveling
 Barometric leveling
 Hypsometric leveling

7. Classification of Direct leveling
 Simple leveling
 Differential leveling
 Fly leveling
 Profile leveling
 Cross section leveling
 Check leveling
 Reciprocal leveling

8. Terms used in leveling
 Station
 Back sight ( BS)
 Fore sight ( FS )
 Intermediate
sight ( IS )
 Change point ( CP )
 Height of
 Instrument ( HI )
 Bench marks
 Reduced levels ( RL )

9. Types of Bench marks
 Great Triangulation Survey ( GTS )
 Permanent Bench marks
 Arbitrary Bench marks
 Temporary Bench marks

10. Computing Reduced Levels
 The collimation method or
Height of Instrument
 The rise and fall method

11. Balaji Engineering Collage
JUNAGADH