Applied psychology

1. sports
psycholog
y
Presen
ted by
Najala

2. Sports psychology
Sports psychology is a proficiency that uses psychological knowledge
and skills to address optimal performance and well being of athletes,
development and social aspects of sports participation and systematic
issues associated with sport setting and organizations.
APA – profession acquired after doctoral degree in one of primary areas
of psychology and licensure as a psychologist

3. • Sports psychologists investigate how
participating in sports can improve health
and well being.
• Help athletes utilize psychology to
improve their athletic performance and
mental wellness.
• Does not just work with Elite and
professional also helps Non athletes and
everyday exercisers learn how to enjoy
sports and stick to an exercise program.
• They utilize exercise and athletics to
enhance people’s life and Mental well-
being

4. History of sports
psychology
• Young discipline
• Norman Triplet
• Studied social facilitation in cyclists
And runners

5. • In 1918, Coleman Griffith established the
first sport psychology lab in North
America
• Located at the university of Illinois.
Much of Griffith’s experiment had a
heavy emphasis on being applicable to
the real world

6. • In 1965, international society of sport
psychology (ISSP) established.
• 1967 North American society for the
psychology of sports And physical activity
(NASPSPA)
• 1970s sports psychology as a University
course at educational institutes throughout
North America
• 1980 s, become subject of more rigorous
scientific focus.

7. • Research begin explore how psychology could
be used to improve athletic performance and
how exercise could be used to improve mode
and lower stress levels
• 1985 APA approach the formation of the
division of exercise and sports psychology.
• 1986 the association for advancement of
applied sports psychology holds first meeting

8. • 2000s How to educate and prepare
students about sports
• Sports psychology becomes a
specialization according to American
psychological association

9. Main Areas of sports
psychology

10. Educational sports
psychology
• Uses psychological methods to help
athletes improve sport performance.
• Includes teaching them how to use
certain techniques such as imaginary
goal setting or self talk to perform better
on the court or field

11. • Psychologist who received their academic
training through department of physical education
and mastered the knowledge base of sports
psychology and serve as practitioners
• Use the medium of education to teach correct
principles of sport to athletes and Coaches
• Help athletes young and old to enjoy sport and
use it as a vehicle for improving their quality of
life

12. Exercise
psychology
• Works with non athletic clients
or everyday exercisers to help
them learn how to make working
out a habit.
• Include some of the same
techniques used by other
psychologist such as goal
setting practicing mindfulness,
use of motivational techniques

13. Clinical sports
psychology
• Work with athletes who have
mental health condition such as
depression or anxiety.
• Use strategies from both sports
psychology and psychotherapy
• Help athletes improve their mental
health and sports performance.

14. • Trained in clinical or counselling
psychology and maybe a licensed
psychologist
• Has deep interest in and understanding of
athletic experience
• Deal with emotional and personality
disorder problems that affects some athletes

15. Uses of sports psychology

16. • Involve ability to tune out distractions
distractions such as crowd of screening fans
and focus on the task at hand.
• Allows athletes to manage their mental focus
even in the face of other things that are vying
for their attention.
• Deep breathing, paying attention to bodily
signals and sensations and mindfulness help
athletes to focus on present moment
Attentional focus

17. • Setting a goal then visualizing each step
needed to reach that goal can help mentally
prepare the athlete for training or
competition.
• visualization involves creating a mental
image of what Intend to happen.
• Athletes can use This skill to envision the
outcome they are pursuing
Visualization and goal setting

18. Mental toughness
• Psychological characteristics that are imported
for an athlete to reach optimal performance.
Among these:-
• unshakable belief in ones self
• ability to bounce back from setbacks
• insatiable desire to succeed
• reacting to situations positively
• Remaining calm under pressure and retaining
control ( contribute to mental toughnes)s

19. Motivation and team
building
• Improve performance of coaches and
athletes by increasing motivation
• Team building is important topic in this
field.
• Sports psychologist might work with
coaches and athletes to develop a sense
of comradery and assist them in working
together efficiently and effective ly

20. Anxiety
• Help athletes cope the intense pressure
that comes from the competition.
• Finding ways to reduce performance
anxiety and combat to burnout.
• Common to get nervous before game but
this nervousness can have negative
impact on performance so learning tactics
to stay calm and perform their best

21. • Burnouts can happen who frequently
experience pressure and Indians practice
schedules.
• Helping athletes do restore their sense of
balance, to learn to relax and keep up their
motivation can help combat feelings of
burnouts

22. • Helping athletes to recover and return to their
sport after and injury. Sport injury can lead to
emotional reactions in addition to the physical
injury which can include feelings of anger
frustration hopelessness and fear.
• Sports psychologist work with these athlete to
help them and to mentally cope with the
recovery process and to restore their
confidence once they are ready to return to
their sport.
Rehabilitation

24. Personality, Attitude
and motivation in
sports

25. Personality &
sports
• Relationship between personality and
performance
• Researchers focus on specific personal
characteristics and how they are related to
performance or other psychological variables.
• There are very personal characteristics that
helping to be consistent among elite athletes

26. • The psychoanalytic perspective of personality
emphasizes the importance of early childhood
experiences and the unconscious mind.
• Sigmund Freud who believed that things hidden in
the unconscious could be revealed in a number of
different ways, including through dreams, free
association, and slips of the tongue.

27. • Below are the most prominent psychoanalytic perspective theorists:
• Sigmund Freud: Stressed the importance of early childhood events, the influence of
the unconscious, and sexual instincts in the development and formation of
personality.
• Erik Erikson: Emphasized the social elements of personality development, the
identity crisis, and how personality is shaped over the course of the entire lifespan.
• Carl Jung: Focused on concepts such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, and
psychological types.
• Alfred Adler: Believed the core motive behind personality involves striving for
superiority, or the desire to overcome challenges and move closer toward self-
realization. This desire to achieve superiority stems from underlying feelings of
inferiority that Adler believed were universal.

28. Interactional Approach
• When a sports psychologist uses an interactional approach,
they have to consider both situational determinants and
personality traits exhibited by the individual.
• Considers both psychological traits and situational influences
on behavior. The two aspects mix and can alter behavior.
Your psychological traits and environmental influences
interact and combine in unique ways to sculpt your behavior.

29. • The Interactional Approach to psychology allows for a degree of
interaction between states and traits.
• seeks to understand how behavior is influenced by both personality
and social learning in the environment.

30. • Hans Eysenck: three dimensions of personality: 1) extraversion-
introversion, 2) emotional stability-neuroticism, and 3) psychoticism.
• Raymond Cattell: 16 personality traits & utilized to understand and
measure individual differences in personality.
• Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: Big five theory, five key dimensions
of personality: 1) extraversion, 2) neuroticism, 3) openness to
experience, 4) conscientiousness, and 5) agreeableness
Trait Approach

31. • Certain situations and circumstances can
influence a person’s day in a positive or
negative way.
• Depending on the circumstance, a normally
positive person may become more negative.
On the other hand, a traditionally pessimistic
person may appear to be more positive.
• It is human nature for emotions and
personalities to differ depending on what is
happening in our lives.
Situational Approach

32. Motivation and
sports psychology
• Motivation important in performance
• An important distinction is that between
intrinsic and the expensive motivation.
• New result shows that intrinsic motivation
is more important factor for most
participants in sport and then most cases
adding extrinsic motivation reduces rather
than enhance our level of motivation

33. • Modern theories focus on cognitive aspects of motivation.
• Most influential theory- Nicholls theory of achievement orientation. Distinguish
between athletes who focus on the mastery of skills and those focus on their
performance relative to others.
• Attribution theory – Concerns with the ways in which athletes decide why they
performed as they did.
• Re attribution training helps athletes develop healthier attribution.

34. Attitude In sports
psychology
• Genes may influence the sporting attitudes
• Not gene for liking Sports, but is some
aspects of personality are inherited it may
be that we can inherit certain kinds attitude
there is indeed some evidence that our
genetic makeup may pretty suppose us to
generally positive or negative attitude to
sport

35. • Eysenck – High extraversion and
psychoticism pro sport attitude
• Waller et al separated identical twins
have similar views on same topics rather
than fraternal twins.
• Childhood environment is important
than genes

36. Techniques in
sports psychology
• Relaxation technique
• Hypnosis
• Biofeedback
• CBT

37. Thank You