3. Definition
A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses
information and communications technology to
gather and act on information, such as
information about the behaviors of suppliers and
consumers, in an automated fashion to improve
the efficiency, reliability, economics, and
sustainability of the production and distribution
of electricity.
4.
5. Overview of Smart Grid Technology
The smart grid can be defined as a smart electrical
network that combines electrical network and smart
digital communication technology.
A smart grid has capable of providing electrical power
from multiple and widely distributed sources, like from
wind turbines, solar power systems, and perhaps even
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
6.
7. Smart Grid Components
Intelligent Appliances
Smart Power Meters
Smart Substations
Super Conducting Cables
Integrated communications
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
8. Intelligent Appliances
Intelligent appliances have capable of deciding when to
consume energy based on customer pre-set preferences.
This can lead to going away along toward reducing peak
loads which have an impact on electricity generation
costs.
For example, smart sensors, like temperature sensor
which is used in thermal stations to control the boiler
temperature based on predefined temperature levels.
9. Smart Power Meters
The smart meters provide two-way communication
between power providers and the end user consumers to
automate billing data collections, detect device failures
and dispatch repair crews to the exact location much
faster.
A smart meter records consumption of electric energy in
intervals of one hour or less and communicates this data
to the utility company. This encourages consumers to
change their energy consumption pattern
10.
11. Smart Substations
Substations are included monitoring and control non-
critical and critical operational data such as power
status, power factor performance, breaker, security,
transformer status, etc.
Substations are used to transform voltage at several
times in many locations, that providing safe and reliable
delivery of energy. Smart substations are also necessary
for splitting the path of electricity flow into many
directions.
12.
13. Super Conducting Cables
These are used to provide long distance power
transmission, and automated monitoring and analysis
tools capable of detecting faults itself or even predicting
cable and failures based on real-time data weather, and the
outage history.
14.
15. Integrated communications
The key to a smart grid technology is integrated
communications. It must be as fast as enough to real-time
needs of the system.
Depending upon the need, Many different technologies
are used in smart grid communication like Programmable
Logic Controller (PLC), wireless, cellular, SCADA
(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), and BPL.
16.
17. Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
This is used to measure the electrical waves on an
electricity grid using a common time source for
synchronization.
The time synchronizer allows synchronized real-time
measurements of multiple remote measurement points on
the grid.
18. IoT Role in Smart Grid
Due to the multi-layered architecture of the smart grid, the
addressing mechanism should happen at multiple levels,
such as the object layer level, communication layer level,
and application layer level.
IPv6 can be used in multilayered smart grid infrastructure
on multiple scales in homes, buildings, and smart cities
through global , public or private IP address spaces
depending on the scale of deployment.
19. Home energy management
IoT can play vital role to manage consumers’ energy
consumption profiles according to real time electricity
price.
IoT components collect energy requirements of different
home appliances and send them to smart meters.
The control unit in smart grid schedules energy
consumption of homes’ appliances by balancing user’s
and utility companies’ preferences.
This two way electric flow convert consumer into
prosumer.
Prosumer=Producer+ Consumer
20. Integration of renewable energy
Renewable energy generators are being combined into
today’s power grid because of environmental reasons,
climate change, and its low cost.
IoT technology uses wireless sensors to collect real-time
weather information to help in predicting the energy
availability in the near future.
21. Electrical Vehicles Tracking
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are used as energy storage devices
while they are idle.
IoT enabled perception devices collects information about
electric vehicles’ identity battery state location, etc, to
improve the efficiency of charging and discharging
scheduling thus reduce emissions, shave peak load, and
increase percentage of renewable power generation.
22.
23. IOT Based Electricity Energy Meter Reading
Through Internet
The main objective of this project is to develop an IOT
(internet of things) based energy meter reading displayed
for units consumed and cost for consumption, over the
internet in the chart and gauge format.
In this project, a digital energy meter whose blinking LED
signal is interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051 families
through an LDR. Per 1 unit, The blinking LED flashes
3200 times. The LDR sensor gives an interrupt to the
programmed microcontroller, at each time of the meter
LED flashes.
24. The microcontroller takes this reading and displays it on
an LCD duly interfaced to the microcontroller.
This reading of the energy meter is also sent to a
GSM modem being fed by the microcontroller via level
shifter IC and RS232 link.
A SIM used in the modem being internet enabled
transmits the data directly to a dedicated web page for
display or to the customer mobile phone, anywhere in the
world in multi-level graphical format
25. Benefits of Smart Grid
Integrate isolated technologies: smart grid enables better
energy management
Protective management of electrical network during
emergency situation
Better demand, supply/ demand response
Better power quality
Reduce carbon emissions
Increased demand for energy: Requires more complex
and critical solutions with better energy management
Renewables Integration
