Toxic chemicals

1. K.G. ARTS & SCIENCE AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE
RAIGARH (C.G.)
SESSION – 2017-18
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
SUBJECT - ECOLOGY
SEMINAR TOPIC- TOXIC CHEMICAL
GUIDED BY SUBMITED BY
Proff. Vinita Pandey mam Smita verma
Msc.1 st sem. zoology

2. TOXIC CHEMICALS
TOXIC CHEMICALS
SYNOPSIS-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEFINITION
3. TYPES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS
* ARSENIC
* MERCURY
* LEAD
* COPPER
* MANANESE
* CADMIUM
* ALUMINIUM
* IRAN

3. * BARIUM
* LITHIUM
* THALIUM
* NITRIC & NITRATE
4. CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCE

4. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Many environmental pollutant are considered as
toxicants. The presence of some environmental
pollutants or toxic chemicals in the Environment
at lethal level or causing harmful effects on living
system are called environmental toxicants.
toxicology deals with the adverse effects of
chemicals in biological systems including human
beings.
The term of toxicology deals with toxin = poison,
logous =study.
Means toxicology is a study of poison.

5. 1.
The toxic chemicals enter the human food chain
and disturb the biological process occuring in
living bodies and causes death.
Toxic chemical or toxic agent are foreign materials
which are effected the respiratory tract, skin,
eyes , mouth and they are source of disease.
Example- cancer.
Source of toxic chemicals-
Biological activity- food, respiration.
they are effected the body-
* nervous system
* respiratory system
* blood vascular system.

6. they are disturbance our body structure and
function and some are responsible for mutation
in human DNA.
2. Ecological activity- agriculture, industrial.
they are directly or
indirectly effect our body.
3. Metallic and non- metallic agent- directly or
indirectly they are effected our body. Example-
led, Arsanic.

7. DEFINITION
Toxic chemicals are a unfavorable substance
which are directly or indirectly effected our
body and they are source for disease.
or
Toxic chemicals are foreign material when we
used low concentration they responsible for
disease but when we used this material of high
concentration they are responsible for death.

8. 3. Types of toxic agent- metallic & inorganic
agents-
ARSANIC
most toxic materials.
They are colourless.
They are smell less and sweet less. So we use this
compound.
In solid form it is not dengerous.
In fume form it is react with oxygen.
Ar+O2 = ArO3 + ArO2 (arsenic oxides)
SOURCE- Mining, pesticides, chemicals waste.

9. We found some arsenic compounds-
LEAD ARSENATE-
They are found in pure condition.
it is found in two forms-
1. Orthoarsenate( PbHAsO4) acidic.
2. Orthoarsenate
Pb4(PbOH)(AsO4)3 alkaline.
it is less soluble in water and forms/ make
suspended sollution.
COPPER ARSENITE-
It is shiny green coloured power.
it is more soluble in water therefore easily
absorbed by intestine and causes death.

10. ARSENIC OXIDE-
They are white arsenic.
they are not costly and they are simply
mixed of food.
they make form in water/ it floats as form
on the surface.
it is a strong poison.
SODIUM ARSENOID (NaAsO3)-
more toxic and soluble in water.

11. ZINC METAARSENITE { Zn(AsO2)}-
zinc arsenic
zinc arsenate- all are poisonous.
ARSENURATD HYDROGEN GAS OR ARSINE-
Colourless, very poisonous gas.
they maked form industry.
SALVARSON & CARBORSONE-
We used for medicine but this time they
are poison so we do not use for medicine.
Average fetal dose – 180mg

12. Death- 12-8 hours.
ACUTE POISONING
they are depended of dose .
And symptoms appeared within 1 hours of
ingestion are-
CHARACTER-
Burning pain in thorax and stomach.
increased salivation , thirst, vomating.
dehydration.
pulse-fast, irregular, skin-cool,
convulsion, deep sleep and finally patient
may be dead.

13. Treatment-
stomach wash
injection of Dimercarpal.
emetic medicine.
daily used pencillamine- 100mg
/kg through the mouth.
glucose saline.

14. CHORONIC CHARECTER-
When we use in long time they produce
chronic toxicants.
Symptoms-
Decrease in weight, diarrhoea vomiting,
constipation.
pigmentation in body.
Eczema in skin.
anaemia & bone marrow is lack.
Eye disease
numbness , tingling, ataxia, tremors,
neuritis and even death.

15. TREATMENT-
Dietary food should provide to the
patient.
keep away the patient from taxia area.

16. MERCURY
SOURCE- Industrial effluent, mining, pesticides, coal.
ACUTE CHARECTER-
Stool with blood.
dehydration.
Nausea, vomiting with blood& stomach.
thorax and stomach are effected.
more salivation.
TREATMENT-
Injection of dimercarpal (300mg)
penicillamine medicine.
Glucose saline (5%) for dehydration.

17. stomach wash by hot water(sodium
formaldehyde sulphoxylate)
use of milk, vegetable gluten.
CHORONIC CHARECTER-
Cause by mercury dust.
they are produce from factories.
Symptoms-
Nausea, digestion problem, secretion of slimy in
large amount, painful salivary gland.
Anaemia, paralysis of legs.
Mental systems- shyness, timidity, memory power
loss,psychosis.

18. Skin problem.
Ulcer in gum.
TREATMENT –
Clean the teeth.
bath by hot water.
Use of many technique for respiration
problem

19. LEAD
LEAD
CHARECTER-
These main source are that industry which are
worked on paint, soldering, silver retining.
Lead is deposited mostly in bone and some soft
tissue and enzyme system are affected.
About 800mg Pb creates toxicity in human beings
SOURCE- Industry, mining, plumbing, coal, gasoline.
SOME COMPOUNDOF LEAD-
Lead acetate
lead carbonate
Chromate oxides.

20. Acute toxicity
Acute toxicity
SYMPTOMS-
Vomiting, vomat colour – white/ red.
Diarrhorea , colour of stool black.
Its tastes is sweet. Dryness and burning
pain in thoroat.
headache, numbness, paralysis of
legs , muscle cramps.
haemalysis urination stoped.

21. abdominal pain.
less urination .
TREATMENT-
Stomach clean by hot water.
Injection of morphine & altropin.
Admit in hospital.
Used of milk and their products.
Used penicillimine of 0.3-1gm.

22. Chronic toxicity
Chronic toxicity
SYMPTOMS-
Abdominal pain, constipation.
Anaemia, paralysis, cardiac & renal disease
brain problem- headache, memory loss,
coma.
TREATMENT-
Give the pottacium or sodium iodide &
parathormone.
use the ammonium chloride+ water(dilute
sollution). Clean our body.

23. manganese
manganese
SYMPTOMS-
Rigidity, shuffling gait, cramps, intestinal tremos,
shrieking.
Intoxication, halluciration stage
TREATMENT-
3-5times, 100 mg levodopa per day.
control of dust.
cleans environment.
injection of 1 gm sodium thiosulphate use in
10ml water.

24. Cadmium
Cadmium
SOURCE- Industrial effluent, mining waste, metal
plating.
Gastro- intestinal disease.
it is a cellular toxic.
pulmonary aedema,, pulmonary fibrosis.
headache, vomiting, cough.
TREATMENT-
12.5 mg/kg of calcium edentate are use per day
(4times)
admit in hospital.

25. aluminium
aluminium
SYMPTOMS-
They are effected in 1-60 minute after the
use –
Skin cold, sticky, pulse rate high.
Vomiting, dehydration, pulmonary oedema.
Gastro-intestinal toxicity/are effected.
Headache, paraesthesia , atoxia , coma.
Breathlessness.
Diarrhoea, pain in epigestric part.
Blood pressure, pulse-fast.

26. treatment
treatment
MaSO4 of 3 gm in 3 hour and after 24 hour 6 gm
MgSO4.
Dopamine drip & hydrocartisone
Antidoes are not available for this toxicity.

27. copper
copper
CHARECTER-
There toxicity is suicidal or accidental.
Abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting , diarrhoea
(with blue+ green colour)
Acute toxicity-
jaundice & death
Chronic toxicity-
anemia.
Gastro-intestinal tract are effect.
Neuritis & muscle atrophy.

28. Source
Source
Metal plating, industrial and domestric waste,
mining, mineral leaching

29. treatment
treatment
Stomach wash with 1 % potassium ferocyanide
solution .
Demulcent – white of the egg, milk, olive oil.
Meriperidine or morphine use for pain.
Penicillamine are helpful in copper toxicity.

30. Iron
Iron
Iron toxicity is commonly seen in childern .
it is very common in thalasaemia.
Fe stored in liver, spleen, and even in heart.
This toxic chemicals are use for suicide.
A human body contain about 4.5gm Fe, about 70%
of which in haemoglobin, 26% in proteins and
3.5% in myoglobin
Iron stored may be bonemarrow and pancreas.
.

31. Symptoms
Symptoms
Hoemochromatosis gonadial atrophy, heart failure.
SIDE EFFECT-
Diarrhoea, blood pressure are going on high.
TREATMENT-
dextrosle.
desferol.

32. barium
barium
It is highly toxicity.
It is present in all living organisms especially
marine animals and plants.
SOURCE- Coal, nuclear power and space industries.
SYMPTOMS-
Vomiting.
Hypertension.
Vontricular fibrillation.
Weakness.
They are responsible for death.

33. Lithium
Lithium
SYMPTOMS-
Polyuria, polydypsia.
Nephrogenic, diabetes Insipidus.
Increased toxicity due to loss of salts,
diarrhoea, tremors are others signs of toxicity.
TREATMENT-
Dialysis is also helpful.
increased water intake salt should mix with
water.
Mannitol may be used in place of salt.

34. Thalium
Thalium
Thalium sulphate is used as rodenticides
.
SYMPTOMS-
Vomiting, delusion,
ataxia, coma, blindness, effects on
other sensory organs.
liver damage, renal tubule disorder
and other toxic effects.

35. Treatment
Treatment
Stomach wash by prusian blue or feric
ferrocyanide/ potassium ferric hexa-
cyanoferrate 200-250/kg.
Should castor oil as purgative and mannitol for
more urination.

36. Nitrite & nitrate
Nitrite & nitrate
NITRITE-
Is toxic for animals.
nitrite cause cancer in rat by production
of nitrosomines.
they effected of fishes,
NITRATE-
They are highly toxic chemicals.

37. Conclusion
Conclusion
All toxic materials area as much as dangerous for
living things. Now it is growing these chemicals
agents directly & indirectly effects the human
speedly. Some toxic agent work as
carcinogenesis agent for human and animal
tissue. so we should take it seriously that our
environment and finally may be late and away
from this material.

38. Reference
Reference
Environmental ecology-M. C. DAS.
environmental ecology- P. D. SHARMA
By internet.

39. Thank you
Thank you