The application of textile-based materials in Bio-photonics is described.

1. Application of textiles in bio-photonics
Natinael Kokeb
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2. Introduction
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CONTENTS
Textile materials in biophotonics
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Synthesis
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Applications
4
Conclusion and research gaps
5
References
6
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3. What is textile & it’s sources? INTRODUCTION
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Silica

4. How they manufactured? INTRODUCTION
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5. Introduction
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What are photonic textiles?
Flexible textile substrate
with
light emission or light manipulation functionalities
 Textile coatings
Multilayer flakes and films
Holographic films
Phosphorescent films
Thermo and photochromic inks
Retroreflective ink
 Light emitting elements
Fluorescent fibers
Electroluminescent wires and sheets
LED’s
Optical fibers (Total Internal Reflection)
Photonic Bandgap fibers

6. History textile fibers in photonics
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silica
glass
(SiO2)
and
hard
plastics

7. Research interest
Ka-Po Lee, 2021.
Figure 1 . A)Article distribution by year. B)Application of textile-based fiber optic sensors (TFOSs).
A B
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8. What properties are we need to consider mostly?
What is the area of application?
 Waveguides - a physical structure that guides
electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum.
 Lenses (optical components designed to focus or
diverge light) to transmit, detect and transform
light.
 Bio-photonic sensors
 Degree of transparency
 Refractive index (b/c our tissues 1.33 to 1.51)
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 low optical loss.
 Problem depth of light penetration at visible
and near-infrared wavelengths in biological
media and tissues is quite limited, because of
the light scattering in the tissues.

9. Principle
Physics of waveguides
Mordon.Et al, 2020​ 9
uses optical
fibers
 Electrical side emitting optical fiber
 Bend a fiber with angle greater than
critical angle, creates light.
To develop LEM
 Total internal reflection occurs under n2<n1, this means
 Confinement of light in optical fibers is
determined by refractive indices, n1 & n2.
Field distribution

10. The main factor affecting Optical emission along fiber is:
Light emitting textiles for PDT in Dermatology
Mordon.Et al, 2020​ 10
Fig. 3. Side-glowing intensity distribution along the fibre length using two identical light sources.
https://youtube.com/clip/Ugkx83lkP9n358QuwwaMbH2l4QZwXfwrCO_J

11. Cellulosic fiber
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Fig 3. Double-core biodegradable micro-structured fiber. Schematic of a water immersion
setup. (b) Photograph of a setup.
Roya, et.al, 2018.
Textile Material
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 Two cellulose butyrate tubes separated with hydroxypropyl
cellulose powder to yield a lower-index inner cladding.
 The inner core is a cellulose tube with a hole that can be
collapsed, for laser delivery, or left open, for potential drug
delivery.

12. Silk Fiber
Advantage: Strength-to-density ratio of spider silk is about 10
times higher than steel, for energy absorption.​
Why for bio-photonics? Low surface roughness (< 5 nm rms) and high transparency (> 95%) across the
visible range. Only 20 and 100 μm thickness​.
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Fig 3. Waveguides made of silk material.
Roya, et.al, 2018.
Textile Material
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13. Textile Material
Polyacrylamide (PAM)
 At different glucose
concentrations, the chelation of
glucose enables reversible
changes of fiber diameter, and in
response changes of refractive
index of the hydrogel fiber.
Fig 4. Functionalized PAM hydrogel matrix for light transmission. 13

14. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel
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Fig 6. PEG hydrogel wavegiude.

15. Requirements to be achieved
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16. Synthesis
silica or other
inorganic materials
Develop implantables from
organic materials. Molding
Fig 7. Schematic overview of representative approaches for fiber/waveguide fabrication.
(a) Thermal drawing. (b) Printing. (c) Lithography. (d) Molding.
micro- and even
nanoscale.
Silk
Roya, et.al, 2018.
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17. How to use them for implantable application?
Figure 2. examples of applications for implantable fiber/waveguides.
(a) Optogenetics. (b) Laser surgery. (c) Fluorescence sensing.
Combination of optical and
genetic methods to activate
or deactivate certain events
of neurons.
Roya, et.al, 2018.
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18. Applications
Fiber based Light electrochemical cells ​
•To identify biomarkers,
•To detect drugs,
•To monitor neurotransmitters,
•To detect of bacteria
Tilak Dias, 2021. 18
Fig 8. Fiber based Light electrochemical cells

19. Light emitting textiles for PDT in Dermatology
Fig Light emitting fabrics (LEF) can emit
several wavelengths from violet to infrared​
Fig 12. VIVO_LEF device. LEF, light emitting
fabrics in treating ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis​
Mordon.Et al, 2020​ 19

20. Light Emitting Textiles​
Absorb light and exhibit optical responses such as
fluorescence, phosphorescence, and plasmonic and
photothermal effects.
Fig 9.PDT is used to treat actinic keratosis​
Fig 10. Primary Extramammary Paget's skin cancer
Mordon.Et al, 2020 20
635 nm

21. Deep-tissue photomedicine
Fig I)biopolymer films and planar waveguide demonstrations, II)Light delivery to deep tissue,
III)Waveguide-assisted photochemical tissue bonding.​
Sedat.Et al, 20216 21
Made of bio-derived or biocompatible, and biodegradable
polymers, for photochemical tissue bonding approach.
PTB, which is a dye-assisted photochemical technique that
induces crosslinking between wound surfaces
I II
III

22. Photonic textiles for pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation measurnment)​
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Fig 11. Textile techniques used, plastic optical fibers POF (red), PET fibers (light blue) ​
Markus,2008​

23. Optical bio-imaging Roya, et.al, 2018.
Figure 13 . Flexible biodegradable fibers for deep-tissue optical imaging, indicating the potential of image delivery
function 23
 Invitro fails to get information directly from
living tissue.
 Opening an optical window in anesthetized
animals cannot support long-time monitoring
and in moving animal, presenting a significant
limitation for optical imaging.
Past trends and limitations
INVIVO (Implantable optical fibers and
waveguides in tissues).

24. Conclusion
 Natural fiber based biomaterials have advantages leading to the development
of various in vivo biomedical devices.
 Synthetic’s also offer similar biocompatibility and degradation, while needs a
high degree of modification and fabrication potential, for optical sensing in
situ with combined potential.
 Synthetic materials can also combine optical capabilities with drug
release, wound closure, and other modalities.
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25. Future perspective (research gaps)​
 Development of multi functional fiber-optical device combining enhanced imaging of
malignancies, therapy , and quantitative feedback based on silk. ​
 Development and implementation of wearable electronic systems invisible to users.​
 Improvement of detection efficiency and the development of whole sensors based on
photonic textiles. ​
 Medical application of Lyocell for health diagnosis and disease therapy.
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26. References
 Ka-Po Lee , Joanne Yip , Kit-Lun Yick, Chao Lu and Chris K Lo ,Textile-based fiber optic sensors for health monitoring: A
systematic and citation network analysis review, textile research journal, 2021, DOI: 10.1177/00405175211036206​
 Tilak Dias and Ravi Monaragala, Development and analysis of novel electroluminescent yarns and fabrics for localized
automotive interior illumination ,Textile Research Journal, 2012, DOI:10.1177/0040517511420763​
 Serge Mordon,Elise Thécua,Laurine Ziane,Fabienne Lecomte,Pascal Deleporte,Grégory Baert,Anne-Sophie Vignion-Dewalle,
Light emitting fabrics for photodynamic therapy: Technology, experimental and clinical applications, journal of translational
biophotonics, 08 June 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/tbio.202000005​
 Lee, GH., Moon, H., Kim, H. et al. Multifunctional materials for implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices. Nat
Rev Mater 5, 149–165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0167-3​
 Minji Kang, Tae-Wook Kim, Recent Advances in Fiber-Shaped Electronic Devices for Wearable Applications, journal of
applied science, 2021, 11(13), 6131; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136131​
 Alexandre Dupuis, Ning Guo, Yan Gao, Nicolas Godbout, Suzanne Lacroix, Charles Dubois, and Maksim Skorobogatiy.
Prospective for biodegradable microstructured optical fibers. Journal of optics letters, Vol. 32, No. 2, January 15, 2007. doi:
10.1364/OL.32.000109
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27. References
 Gang Li,Yi Li,Guoqiang Chen,Jihuan He,Yifan Han,Xiaoqin Wang,David L. Kaplan 13 March 2015
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201500002
 Markus Rothmaier, Bärbel Selm, Sonja Spichtig, Daniel Haensse, Martin Wolf, Photonic textiles for pulse oximetry , Photonic
textiles for pulse oximetry, Vol. 16, No. 17 / OPTICS EXPRESS
 Ting Pan, Dengyun Lu, Hongbao Xin & Baojun Li. Biophotonic probes for bio-detection and imaging. Light Sci Appl 10, 124
(2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-021-00561-2
 Roya Nazempour, Qianyi Zhang , Ruxing Fu 2 and Xing Sheng, Biocompatible and Implantable Optical Fibers and Waveguides for
Biomedicin, journal of biomaterials, 25 July 2018
 Nizamoglu S., Gather M.C., Humar M., Choi M., Kim S., Kim K.S., Hahn S.K., Scarcelli G., Randolph M., Redmond R.W., et al.
Bioabsorbable polymer optical waveguides for deep-tissue photomedicine. Nat. Commun. 2016;7:10374. doi:
10.1038/ncomms10374.
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28. THANK YOU
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https://youtu.be/rS-zUcAOFd0