A small ppt regarding an Intelligent Material

1. A SMALL INSIGHT TO AN INTELLIGENT
MATERIAL
PREPARED BY,
NAMRATH NAGENDRA HEBBAR
24903

2. FIRST OF ALL WHAT IS A MATERIAL???
Material is a broad term for a chemical substance or mixture of substances that
constitute a thing.
ALSO,,,
materials can be anything something else is consisting of, whether pure or impure, a
singular composite or a complex mix, living or non-living matter, whether natural or
man-made, either concrete or abstract.

3. TO KNOW HOW GOOD A MATERIAL IS OR WHAT KIND OF
MATERIAL IS, WHAT DO WE NEED???

4. INTELIGENT MATERIALS

5. Materials having one or more properties that can be significantly
changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress,
temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields.
• SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL (SMM)
• SHAPE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY (SMT)
they are some basic terms used to describe these kind of materials.

6. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
A shape-memory alloys (SMA, smart metal, memory
metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart alloy) are
metal alloys that can be deformed at one temperature but
when heated or cooled, return to their “original” shape.
 The alloy appears to have a memory
 The most effective and widely used alloys are
NiTi, CuZnAl, and CuAlNi
 SMA also exhibits superelastic (pseudoelastic)
behavior

8. WHAT IS IT?
Highly processed strands of a nickel-titanium alloy
called Nitinol –a type of Shape Memory Alloy that
can assume radically different forms or "phases" at
distinct temperatures.
• Was discovered in Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL), Maryland, USA
• Muscle Wire is an extremely thin wire made from Nitinol (a nickel-
titanium alloy) that is known for its ability to contract when an electric
current is applied.

10. HOW DOES IT WORK?
Either run current through or place these wires in hot water, and they can
contract by 5%, and then expand to its full length again once cooled down, or
when disconnected from the power source.
Because it is 50% titanium, this wire is much stronger than your average
strand of wire. The reason Nitinol is able to expand and contract is because of
its combination of crystal structures from the nickel and titanium metals. They
react differently in high and low temperatures, making the wire soft and
flexible when cool, yet firm and stiff when heated.
At room temperature, Nitinol can be bent into various shapes. Apply heat or
electrical current and the atoms to arrange themselves into the most compact
and tight fitted pattern possible resulting in the contraction of shape.
The material has been deemed shape-memory because its crystal
transformation is fully reversible. Once the temperature is lowered, it returns
to, or remembers, its original shape. This cycle can be repeated millions of
times.

11. Two common shape-memory effects are one-way and two-way shape memory (above)

12. ADVANTAGES:
• SMALL SIZE
• HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO
• LOW POWER
• PRECISE CONTROL
• AC/DC ACTIVATION
• LONG LIFE (MILIONS OF CYCLES)
• DIRECT LINEAR ACTION
DISADVANTAGES:
• EXPENSIVE- FOR 0.012” DIA (1 FOOT) COSTS $1.95
• OVERSTRESS
• POOR FATIGUE PROPERTIES

13. APPLICATIONS
• Aircraft Maneuverability-The wires in the picture below are used to replace
the actuator. Electric pulses sent through the wires allow for precise
movement of the wings, as would be needed in an aircraft. This reduces the
need for maintenance, weighs less, and is less costly.
• Prevent structural damage to bridges/buildings.
• Arterial stints
• Robotics
• Textile electronics.

14. REFERENCES
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_memory_alloy
• http://www.smaterial.com/SMA/sma.html
• Lin, Richard. Shape Memory Alloys and Their Applications
Google images…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hs2aHC3L4Ik
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8HJg0ssd2c
• Research Gate