hope fr the best

2. WHY CHOLERA IS
IMPORTANT ????
?

3. YEAR CASES DEATHS
1950
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
2009
2010
2011
176,307
43,285
21,955
5,808
3,315
3,156
3,482
5,004
2,341
86,997
12,947
2,302
155
5
6
12
9
10

4.  Study about cholera
 Applying the study to
control cholera

5.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENSIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

6. Vibrio cholera
Belonging to Vibrio bacteria

8. •They live in water
•Vibrio cholera is killed by:
Heating for 30 min at 56*C
By drying in sunlight
Bleaching powder
•El tor is more resistant than classical
•They produce a toxin called
ENTEROTOXIN

9.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENESIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

10. HOST
 CHOLERA AFFECTS ANY AGE

11.  AFFECTS BOTH SEX

12. ECONOMICALLY POOR
AND LACK OF EDUCATION

13.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENESIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

14. Faecally
contaminated water
Contaminated food and
water
Overcrowding

15.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENESIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

16.  Entry is through oral route
 Get adhered to small intestine
 Incubation period is 2- days
 Causes many symptoms
 Get excreted to faeces and
vomiting

18. • AGENT
• HOST
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• PATHOGENESIS
• CLINICAL FEATURES
• CARRIER
• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

19. Suspected
In an area where the disease is not known to
be present: severe dehydration or death from
acute watery diarrhoea in a patient aged 5
years or more;
In an area where there is cholera endemic:
acute watery diarrhoea, with or without
vomiting in a patient aged 5 years or more
Epidemic ongoing: acute watery diarrhoea
with or without vomitting
Confirmed
A suspected case that is laboratory-
confirmed.( Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 or
O139 from stools in any patient with diarrhoea
is the laboratory criteria for diagnosis)

20. • Stage of evacuation
• Stage of collapse
• Stage of recovery

23. • Sunken eyes
• Hollow cheeks
• Scaphoid abdomen
• Washerman hand and
feet
• Loss of elasticity of skin
• Sub-normal temperature
• Absent pulse
• Low BP
• Shallow and quick respiration
• Oliguria

26.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENESIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

27. 1)PRE-CLINICAL/INCUBATORY CARRIER- INCUBATION
PERIOD 1-5 DAYS
2)CONVALESCENT CARRIER-ARE PATIENTS WHO
RECOVERED BUT STILL CONTINUE TO EXCRETE VIBRIOS
3)

28.  AGENT
 HOST
 MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 PATHOGENESIS
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 CARRIER
 LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA

29. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLERA

31. oLoss of at least 10% of body weight
oHypovolemic shock
oLow blood pressure
oRapid, weak, or undetectable
peripheral pulse
oSkin has lost normal turgor
(“tenting”)
oMouth is very dry
oThinking is dulled