vibrio cholera is a pathogenic specie of domain bacteria that cause disease in both human and animals.

1. By shahzeb khan

2. Vibrio cholera
Characteristics:
o Gram-negative.
o comma-shaped.
o natural habitat is brackish
or saltwater.
o Some strains of V. cholerae
cause the disease cholera.
o facultative anaerobe.
o flagellum at one pole as well as pili.

3. Vibrio cholera
o undergo respiratory and fermentative metabolism.
o two circular chromosomes.
o 4 million bp.
o 3,885 predicted genes.
o Two serogroups of V. cholerae, O1 and O139.
o O1 causes the majority of outbreaks.
o O139 is specific to southeast asia.
o first isolated as the cause of cholera by Italian
anatomist Filippo Pacini in 1854.

4. Vibrio cholera
 Pathogenesis:
o V. cholerae secretes cholera toxin that causes
watery diarrhea.
o cause syndromes ranging from asymptomatic
to cholera gravis.
o In endemic areas, 75% of cases are
asymptomatic.
o 20% are mild to moderate.
o 2-5% are severe forms.

5. Vibrio cholera
Symptoms:
o watery diarrhea (a grey and cloudy liquid),.
o occasional vomiting.
o abdominal cramps.
o Dehydration.
o sunken eyes,
o renal failure.
o Seizures.
o Death due to dehydration can occur in a few hours to days
in untreated children.

6. Vibrio cholera
Transmission:
o fecal-oral route.
o contaminated food or water.
o transmission by food(developed countries).
o transmission is more often by water(developing countries).
o Consumption of seafood such as oysters from
contaminated.

7. Vibrio cholera
Mechanism:
o Cant survive acidic conditions stomach.
o The few surviving bacteria reach the small intestine.
o where they can attach to intestinal walls.
o V. cholerae start producing the toxic proteins.
o The toxic protein causes watery diarrhea.

8. Vibrio cholera
Antibiotic resistance
o antibiotic resistance is increasing.
o resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
and erythromycin.
Prevention
o Sterilization
o Sewage management
o Water purification
o Proper Handwashing
o vaccination

9. Vibrio cholera
Treatment:
o Fluids
o Electrolytes are recovered by consuming foods high in
potassium, bananas etc.
o Zinc supplementation
o Antibiotics are recommended such
as cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, chlorampheni
col, and furazolidone.