Muneeb 21st adls
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Preparing the surveying instrument
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Muneeb 21st adls
- 1. PREPARING THE SURVEYING INSTRUMENT Presented By MUNEEB UR REHMAN (Technical Assistant 21st ADLS) 06.02.2020 Survey Of Pakistan BS(HONS)-GEOPHYSICS-QAU 1
- 2. AIM • To apprise the honorable Surveyor General of Pakistan about preparing the Surveying instruments and their significance for surveying and mapping activities. 2
- 3. CONTENT • Types of surveying instrument • Existing surveying instrument in SoP • How to set-up surveying instrument using example of electronic transit theodolite i.e. Total station • Precautions • Benefits of proper setting up the surveying instrument • Conclusion 3
- 4. TYPES OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS Ordinary surveying instruments • Chain • Tape • Clinometer • Compass • Plane Table Advanced Surveying Instruments • Auto level & HP level • EDM • Total station • GPS • DPWS Accessories • Ranging Rod • Reflector / Prism • Field Books • Staff rod / Levelling Rod • Tripod • Pegs • Plumb bob 4
- 5. EXISTING SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS IN SoP • SoP has latest surveying instruments including: • Total Station (Sokkia, Leica, Geomax) • GPS (Trimble) • Digital Photogrammetric work station (DPWS) 1. JX4 2. Inpho 5
- 6. SURVEYING INSTRUMENT Total station A total station (TS) is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with EDM to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform calculations. 6
- 7. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 1: Gather the survey equipment and tools. Prepare the following items: a. Tripod b. Tribrach c. Total Station d. Power Cable e. Battery Pack f. Survey marker g. Hammer 7
- 8. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 2: Establish a new temporary benchmark. 8
- 9. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 3: Set-up the tripod. 9
- 10. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations 10
- 11. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 4: Attach the tribrach and coarse level the tripod over the benchmark. 11
- 12. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 5: Continue to level and adjust the tribrach as necessary 12
- 13. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations 13
- 14. Set-Up a Total Station to Conduct Surveying Operations Step 6: Mount the instrument on the tripod. 14
- 15. PRECAUTIONS • Use both hands to hold the total station. • Set up the tripod as stable as possible. • Do not move or carry a tripod with the total station fixed on it, except for centering. • Store the battery pack with the battery discharged. • Do not over tighten any of the clamp screws. • Select better prominent elevated station where you can get more information and does not need to visit more stations. 15
- 16. BENEFITS OF PROPER SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT • Does not disturb the instrument calibration • Keeps the systematic error minimum as they exist at the time of manufacturing e.g. default error • Data recorded will be more precise and less dependable • Better positional accuracy can be achieved 16
- 17. CONCLUSION • For a survey to be done properly, instruments need to be error-free, accurate and in good working condition. 17
- 18. Thank You ! 18
Editor's Notes
- Setting of Total station
- plane table surveying is the graphical method of surveying in which the fieldwork and plotting work is done simultaneously, and no office work is necessarily required
- Centring Levelling Orientation
- It is very important for every surveyor to have all of their equipment ready for the job ahead. One missing item could cost your organization time and money.
- Within our projects we typically need to establish a new point of reference with a temporary benchmark. Using a small nail tapped into the center of a wooden stake, pound the stake into, and as flush as possible, with the ground.
- While holding the tripod, loosen the tripod leg clamps and extend the tripod up to a height near our neck and chin. Tighten the leg clamps.
- Press the one leg firmly into the ground. Spread out the tripod legs evenly, about two to three feet for each leg, and center it over our benchmark stake. The top of our tripod should be mostly level and parallel with a horizontal plane.
- Center the tribrach on the tripod and attach it via the tripod connecting screw. The tribrach features a level bubble and leveling screws to adjust the tripod’s level as necessary.
- Viewing the level bubble, adjust the height of two tripod legs so that the bubble is close to center. Then use the tribrach leveling screws for a more precise bubble level. An optical plummet on the tribrach allows the surveyor to view the tribrach’s center and place its cross-hairs precisely over the survey marker nail on the stake. We may need to loosen the center tripod screw to shift the tribrach for a more center cross-hair position.
- Remove the Total Station from the carrying case and secure it to the top of the tribrach with the tribrach/instrument lock. Be careful with this step as the instrument can cost up to $25,000! I know my bank account couldn’t support that bill.